Simply put, a "wormhole" is a space-time tubule connecting distant regions of the universe. You can look it up on Baidu Encyclopedia. Website/View/194 1.htm? Fr = Ala0 _1_1# 2 More than 60 years ago, Einstein put forward the theory of "wormhole". So, what is a "wormhole"? To put it simply, a "wormhole" is a tunnel in the universe, which can distort space and make places that were originally separated by hundreds of millions of kilometers close at hand. As early as 1950s, scientists had studied the "wormhole". Due to the limitation of historical conditions at that time, some physicists thought that the wormhole might be used in theory, but the gravity of the wormhole was too great to destroy everything that entered, so it could not be used for space navigation. With the development of science and technology, new research has found that the super-strong force field of wormhole can be neutralized by negative mass to stabilize the energy field of wormhole. Scientists believe that antimatter also has a "negative mass" relative to the "positive matter" that produces energy, and can absorb all the energy around it. Like wormholes, "negative mass" was once thought to exist only in theory. However, many laboratories in the world have successfully proved that "negative mass" can exist in the real world and captured a small amount of "negative mass" in space through spacecraft. According to the calculation of researchers in the Department of Physics of the University of Washington, the "negative mass" can be used to control the "wormhole". They pointed out that "negative mass" can enlarge the original tiny "wormhole" enough for the spacecraft to pass through. Their research results have aroused great interest from the aerospace departments of various countries, and many countries are considering funding the research of "wormholes", hoping that "wormholes" can be really used for space navigation. Astronauts believe that although the research on "wormhole" has just started, its potential return can not be ignored. Scientists believe that if the research is successful, human beings may need to re-evaluate their role and position in the universe. Now that human beings are "trapped" on the earth, it takes hundreds of years to sail to the nearest galaxy, which is impossible for human beings at present. However, in the future space navigation, if a "wormhole" is used, it can reach distant places in the universe in an instant. According to scientists' observation, the universe is full of millions of "wormholes", but few of them are more than 65438+ million kilometers in diameter, and this width is the minimum requirement for the safe navigation of spacecraft. The discovery of "negative mass" has created new opportunities for the utilization of "wormholes", which can be used to expand and stabilize tiny "wormholes". Scientists pointed out that if the "negative mass" is transferred to the "wormhole", the "wormhole" is opened, and its structure is strengthened and stabilized, the spacecraft can pass. According to the above article, it can be judged theoretically that ~ ~ it is possible ~ ~ Up to now, we are talking about ordinary "perfect" black holes. In detail, the black hole we are talking about does not rotate and has no charge. If we consider that the black hole is rotating and/or charged, things will become more complicated. In particular, you may jump into such a black hole without hitting a singularity. In this way, a rotating or charged black hole is connected to a corresponding white hole, and you can jump into the black hole and jump out of the white hole. This combination of black holes and white holes is called wormholes. White holes may be very far away from black holes; In fact, it may even be completely disconnected from our region in a "different universe"-a space-time region except the wormhole itself. A convenient wormhole will give us a convenient and quick way to travel long distances, even to another universe. Maybe the exit of the wormhole stopped in the past, so that you can travel through it in reverse time. On the whole, they sound cool. But before you decide that this theory is correct and plan to look for them, you should first know two things. Wormholes almost certainly don't exist. As we said above, they are effective mathematical solutions of equations, which does not mean that they exist in nature. Especially when black holes are formed by the collapse of ordinary matter (including all black holes that we think exist), wormholes will not be formed. If you fall into one of them, you won't suddenly jump out. You will hit the singularity, which is the only place you can go. Also, even if wormholes are formed, they are considered unstable. Even a small disturbance (including the disturbance you try to pass through it) will cause it to collapse. Finally, even if wormholes exist and are stable, it is very unpleasant to pass through them. Radiation passing through wormholes (from nearby stars, cosmic microwave background, etc. ) moves the blue color to a very high frequency. When you try to cross the wormhole, you will be burned by these x-rays and gamma rays. Wormholes appear almost simultaneously with black holes. After Schwarzschild discovered the Schwarzschild black hole, theoretical physicists explored the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein's ordinary equation for almost half a century. Including Kerr's solution, Resler-Northom's solution and Newman's solution, all of which are the results of the research around Schwarzenegger's solution. The wormhole I want to introduce to you here is also a descendant of Schwarzenegger. When physicists think of white holes, wormholes first appear in Schwarzschild's solution. Through an Einstein thought experiment, they found that space-time can be curved, not flat. In this case, we will find that if the star forms a black hole, then this space-time is completely perpendicular to the original space-time in the schwarzschild radius, that is, the horizon. In an uneven cosmic space-time, this structure assumes that one part of the black hole's horizon will combine with another part of the universe, and then a hole will be created there. This hole can be a black hole or a white hole. This curved horizon is called Swansea's throat, which is a specific wormhole. Physicists have been curious about the nature of wormholes since they were discovered in Schwarzenegger's solution. Let's first look at the classic function of wormholes: connecting black holes and white holes to form an Einstein-Rosen bridge, completely transforming substances into elementary particles at the singularity of black holes, and then transporting them to the place where the white holes are located (namely Einstein-Rosen bridge) through this wormhole and radiating them out. Of course, the wormhole mentioned above is just a way to transfer substances between black holes and white holes, but the role of wormholes is far more than that. Black holes and black holes can also be connected through wormholes. Of course, no matter how strong this connection will be, it is only a connected "cosmic prison". Wormholes can not only be used as tools to connect holes, but also appear in the normal space-time of the universe and become hyperspace pipes that suddenly appear in the universe. Wormholes have no horizon, only a decomposition surface with the outside world. Wormholes are connected with hyperspace through this decomposition plane, but the curvature of spacetime here is not infinite. Just like a curve in a plane is tangent to another curve, in the wormhole problem, just like a four-dimensional pipe is tangent to a three-dimensional space, in which the curvature of space-time is not infinite. So now we can safely pass through the wormhole without being destroyed by great gravity. So what are the attributes of wormholes? By using the theory of relativity, we get some very simple and basic descriptions of wormholes without considering some quantum effects and any energy except gravity. These descriptions are very important, but because we are studying black holes, not holes in the universe, I will only briefly introduce the properties of wormholes here, and I will not involve some related theories and descriptions of these theories here. What are the attributes of wormholes? The most important one, described in the theory of relativity, is used as the informing train in the universe. However, the second important property of wormholes, that is, what quantum theory tells us, clearly tells us that wormholes can't be a cosmic telling train. The existence of wormholes depends on a strange property and substance, and this strange property is negative energy. Only negative energy can maintain the existence of wormholes and keep the decomposition surface between wormholes and external space-time open continuously. Of course, on the basis of finkelstein frame of reference, Dirac found that the choice of frame of reference can help us analyze physical problems more easily or more difficult. Similarly, negative energy is very easy to realize in Dirac's other frame of reference, because the expression of energy is related to the speed of the observed object. This conclusion also plays a very important role in the membrane gauge theory. According to the different frame of reference, negative energy is easy to realize. When an object approaches a wormhole at a speed close to the speed of light, the energy around the wormhole naturally becomes negative. So you can enter the wormhole at a speed close to the speed of light, and this speed is too far from the speed of light, and it is impossible for objects to enter the wormhole anyway. This is one of the special properties of wormholes. But the wormhole is not so calm. What I said earlier is the wormhole in the theory of quiet relativity. In the quantum theory of violence, the nature of wormholes has changed greatly.