First, the class teacher should respect the students, enter the inner world of the students, and cultivate students' awareness of equality and freedom in class collective activities from an early age. The opposite phenomenon of respecting students is disrespect for students, which can be seen everywhere in real education. For example, students will be punished for being late, students will be punished for copying a hundred times if they don't take dictation, students will be scolded if they can't answer questions in class, and students will be punished if they don't tidy up. The root of this phenomenon is that the class teacher does not really respect the students and does not regard the students as a living and powerful individual. Because "the core of democratic education is to respect people-teachers treat students as human beings and cultivate students' respect for others. "(2) For example, students are late in the morning and are found by the class teacher. The first reaction of the class teacher should be to ask the students patiently why they are late, instead of letting them stand by in the classroom corridor without asking questions. There are many reasons for students to be late, some of which are emergencies, such as traffic jams on the way to school, or bicycles broken down and sick; Some are due to family reasons, such as parents quarreling affecting children's sleep, and grandparents of left-behind children don't take care of their children; Some students review their lessons very late at night, can't get up in the morning, sleep late and so on because of their own reasons. The head teacher should know what it is like for students to be late and adopt different educational methods to suit the remedy to the case. Some students are late for their own reasons, but they may lie that it is due to an accident. The class teacher must attach great importance to this situation, which involves students' ideological and moral cultivation and cultivate students' honest quality of telling the truth when they are late. However, no matter what the reason is for the students being late, the class teacher should let the students go back to the classroom after knowing the facts, and they can't stand the punishment. For left-behind children and students from single-parent families, the class teacher should also give special care. Only when the class teacher respects the students will he enter the spiritual world of the students. Our school is an experimental primary school in Jiangsu Province, but in recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up and the rapid economic development, there are more left-behind children, more single-parent families and more problem students. The head teacher should be patient, careful, care for every student and let them grow up healthily.
The head teacher should sow the seeds of democracy in students' hearts from an early age and cultivate students' awareness of equality and freedom in class collective activities. Mr. Li Zhenxi's understanding of "equality" is: "the equality of life value, ideological dignity, social opportunities and political rights between people. Although for various reasons, there are many de facto inequalities between people; However, these de facto inequalities should not be the reason for human beings to give up the pursuit of equality. " Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights clearly states: "All human beings are born equal and equal in respect and rights". Due to various factors, some bad ideas in the society, such as the idea of official standard, are spreading in the pure campus, and the students in the lower grades of primary school are also very eager for the position of class cadre. Some students are keen to be student cadres because class cadres can bring him various benefits, such as checking students' endorsements, being "praised" by friends, and having the privilege of "reporting" to the class teacher, rather than serving students sincerely. Even some parents use their social relations to euphemistically express their children's desire to be class cadres to the class teacher. Compared with the society, the school is a grassland, and unhealthy trends should not pollute the campus. Class is the basic unit of school education and the grass-roots collective of students' study and activities. The growth of students is inseparable from class organization, and class collective activities have a far-reaching impact on children. Whenever I take over a new class group, the first step is to establish a common goal with my classmates. In the second step, I will run for student cadres in the class collective, and I will hand over the human rights of student cadres to the whole class. At first, students were not interested in the election of class cadres, because they thought that the final decision was still made by the class teacher and the election was just a formality. But I voted on the spot, and a stone stirred up a thousand waves, and the students were very happy. In this way, the elected class cadres have a greater sense of equality, and this process is tantamount to sowing the seeds of democracy in the hearts of students. In my opinion, equality is the foundation of freedom and freedom is the starting point of democracy. Mr. Li Zhenxi defines the meaning of freedom as follows: "Education, in a sense, is to give people freedom, a freedom to get rid of ignorance and be able to rationally control themselves, and then a freedom to' do whatever you want without crossing the line', a freedom to know, adapt and transform the environment (nature and society)." ④ For primary school students, the key of democratic spirit is to cultivate students' sense of equality and freedom.
Second, the head teacher should coordinate the relationship between students, between students and teachers, between himself and teachers, create a harmonious class group, and vigorously advocate tolerant education. The core of democratic education theory is respect for "human", so it also takes the development and happiness of "human" as the ultimate goal. However, talents, abilities, personalities, interests, temperaments and behaviors among people are different, which requires our head teachers to have a tolerant spirit to influence and educate people around them. In this era of fierce competition, we should have a democratic education full of tolerance.
Inclusive of "problem" students. The Modern Chinese Dictionary explains tolerance in this way: "Be generous, don't care, don't pursue it." Students have diverse personalities and different personality characteristics. The head teacher must be tolerant of students with personality according to their personality characteristics. For example, in 2007, Jiangsu Education Magazine published an educational case called "Teacher, run!" This paper mainly tells the story of Xin Li, a "problem student" in the eyes of a teacher. At the emergency moment when the plug next to the pure water in the classroom caught fire, he ignored his personal safety and shouted, "Teacher, run!" " . I used my common sense to put out an impending fire. After reading this case, I pondered for a long time. "Teacher, run!" " "Xin Li's warm words always linger in my ears. Let me rethink the definition of "poor students" and how to treat every student from a dialectical point of view. As we all know, teaching and educating people is the bounden duty of teachers. However, under the current examination system, teachers and students are almost alienated into slaves of "scores"! Teachers only bury themselves in teaching and ignore the responsibility of educating people! Students are the tools for teachers to score points. In the long run, in the teacher's mind, a mindset has formed. Those with good academic performance are all good, and those with poor academic performance are all poor. For poor students, teachers have a lot of resentment against iron, but for good students, teachers feel like April flowers on earth! In fact, students are living people. Some students are weak in this respect, but strong in the other. At this level, there are no absolute poor students. The so-called poor students should refer to students with different abilities. Therefore, real teachers should never look at students with colored glasses and treat all students equally! Especially for "problem students", the class teacher should treat him with a tolerant attitude.
Dialectical method is not only a world outlook, but also a methodology. It can guide us to treat all students in two ways. On the one hand, students with good academic performance should be tempered in "moral character". Yixing Middle School has a famous "Class One in Beijing". Students are naturally smart and eager to learn, and they are the best among their peers. However, the class teacher reflected that most students in the class are particularly selfish, and this phenomenon will not occur in the general class. What does this phenomenon mean? What kind of thinking will it bring to our ordinary teachers? 1998 After graduating from normal school, I found an interesting phenomenon. The students who keep close relationship with me after graduation are often the most obscure students in my class at that time, or so-called students like Xin Li. Why didn't all the students with excellent academic performance want to contact me? Did I treat them badly? Or did I not teach them how to be grateful to others and how to be a man? On the other hand, we should treat students with poor academic performance with respect, understanding and tolerance, and help them find correct learning methods to improve their academic performance.
In short, the class teacher should grow up with the students, influence the students with a democratic work style, and make democratic education prepare for the real implementation of democracy. The head teacher's influence on students is not only intellectual and intellectual, but also ideological and personality. The head teacher influences the students spiritually and morally, and the students will also influence the head teacher with their own democratic ideas. Therefore, democratic education should be an educational way of ideological exchange and emotional communication between teachers and students in the class. In the process of democratic education, class teachers and students promote each other. Finally, I quote a passage from Mr. Li Zhenxi 1998 "Into the Heart-Notes on Democratic Education" as the end of this article:
"It is said that the cultivation of creativity should be the focus of quality education, and I also think this is a sign that quality education is truly facing the future. The premise of cultivating creators is that education must be full of democracy. Without democracy, there is no creation; Without democratic education, the nation will have no future. " ⑤