192 1 year, her classic paper "Idealism on the Ring" was published, which marked the beginning of the modernization of abstract algebra. In physics, she derived a very critical and beautiful result, called Nott Theorem. After Hitler came to power, the persecution of Jews intensified. 1929, Nott was kicked out of his apartment. 1933 In April, the fascist authorities deprived Nott of his teaching rights and expelled a group of Jewish professors from the campus. Later, Nott sailed to the United States and died in a surgical operation on April 4, 1935 at the age of 53. Einstein praised Nott as "the most outstanding and creative mathematical genius since women began to receive higher education", and Nott's name has also become a symbol of hundreds of millions of women's dedication to science.
Hipatia (about 370-4 15) was born in Alexandria, Egypt, and was the first female mathematician recorded in history. Hipatia's father was a famous mathematician at that time, and some famous scholars often visited her home. Under their influence, Hipatia is full of interest and enthusiasm for mathematics. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, she pioneered the method of measuring the height of the pyramid and its shadow in the sun with a pole by applying similar triangles's corresponding proportion principle. At the age of 19, she finished Euclid's Elements of Geometry and Archimedes' On Spheres and Cylinders. In the same year, she went to Athens to study on a merchant ship, during which she became a respected mathematician.
After returning to China, she taught mathematics and philosophy. Apollonius's conic curve theory was annotated in detail, and these studies did not attract the attention of mathematicians again until the17th century. In addition, Hipatia also designed a celestial observatory, a hydrometer and a pressure tester. 4 15 years, brutally killed by religion. Such a mathematician who has made outstanding contributions to the spread and development of mathematics, although her life is short, her achievements and the light of her noble thoughts illuminate the way forward for the latecomers.
Kovalevskaya? Sophia (1850— 189 1) is the first female mathematician in Russian history. Kaya was born in a noble family in Moscow, and her nature was quiet and gentle. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he mastered calculus under the guidance of a naval school teacher in Petersburg. 1870, she went to Berlin to study, but Berlin University refused to accept girls at that time, so she had to go to see the famous mathematician Wilstras, who decided to teach her alone for four years. In view of her outstanding work, the University of G? ttingen awarded her a doctorate without a reply, making her the first female doctor of mathematics in history.
At the age of 38, Kaya was praised by the French Academy of Sciences and the Swedish Academy of Sciences for his research on the rotation of rigid bodies around fixed points. The problem of rigid body rotation has been stagnant for a long time since Euler and Lagrange, and the French Academy of Sciences has issued three awards to solve it. Kovalevskaya's award became the newspaper news at that time, which caused a sensation in Paris. 1889, Kovalevskaya was elected as an academician by the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, so the rule of not accepting female academicians was specially revised. An important contribution of Kaya is to give a more general result of the existence and uniqueness of solutions of partial differential equations, which is now called Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem. Unfortunately, more than a year later, she died of pneumonia in Sweden at the age of 4 1.