(2) He is my brother: Chen Qun, the son of Chen Ji of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, is very talented. Chenchen's son, Chen Zhong (filial piety), is also very eloquent. One day, Chang Wen and Xiao Xian argued endlessly about their father's talent and virtue, and refused to give way to each other. Just ask my grandpa Chen Ya. Grandfather told his two grandchildren, "Don't argue either. It is not easy for a group of fathers to be brothers, and it is not easy for a middle-aged father to be a brother. " (Excerpted from Shi Shuo Xin Yu). Chen Mao's original meaning is that Chen Qun and Chen are equally matched in Germany, which is difficult to distinguish. But later, as a derogatory term, "He is my brother" was used to refer to two similar commodities. In addition, "he is my brother" can also be called a person who has shared weal and woe, or a person in the same difficult situation, but the word "difficult" should be pronounced in the fourth tone.
(3) Sit apart: Ning Guan and Hua Xin in The Three Kingdoms were good friends when they were young. On one occasion, two people were weeding in the garden and dug up a piece of gold, so Guan Ning continued weeding and regarded gold as soil; Huaxin picked up the gold nugget, looked at it and threw it away. On another occasion, two people were reading in the study and sitting on a straw mat together. There happened to be a very powerful senior official sitting in a beautiful car, and the rumbling sound of the car passed by the door. Ning Guan didn't seem to hear it, so he read; Huaxin put down his book and went out to watch the fun. After Hua Xin came back, Guan Ning cut the straw mat in half and said to Hua Xin, "You are not my friend!" " (Excerpted from Shi Shuo Xin Yu). Virtue) Some people argue that Guan Ning wants to "sit apart" because he saw Hua Xin's inner activity of being keen on power and money from Hua Xin's actions and "cut his seat" to show a break. The allusion of "cutting seats" or "cutting seats and sitting separately" is often quoted by later generations, indicating that friends broke up because of similar interests and personalities.
(4) Emergency rescue in Hua Xin: During the Three Kingdoms period, Hua Xin and Wang Lang took refuge by boat, and one person also asked to take refuge with them. Huaxin expressed his predicament. Wang Lang said: "Fortunately, the situation is not too tense now. Why not take him? " Huaxin also had to agree. After a while, thieves and soldiers came after him, and Wang Lang wanted to abandon his followers. Hua Xin said, "I didn't want to take him before, because I was afraid that thieves would come after us and bring us trouble. Now that you have brought him with you, how can you abandon others because of an emergency? " So I insisted on taking that person with me. On this basis, public opinion will judge the quality of Hua Xin and Wang Lang. (Excerpted from Shi Shuo Xin Yu). Virtue) Talking about Wang Lang's thinking when the situation is not too urgent is to be a good person to gain a false reputation. Once the matter is urgent, he will ignore the lives of others, and his hypocritical face is obvious; It is human nature that Huaxin hesitates considering the danger, but once he does, he must bear the responsibility, which is exactly what a gentleman does. Hua Xin in the last article and Hua Xin in this article seem to be contradictory, but in fact they reflect the complexity of human nature.
(5) Wang Xiang moved his stepmother: During the Three Kingdoms period, Wang Xiang of Wei was very cautious and conscientious in serving his stepmother, Mrs. Zhu. There is a plum tree in the yard at home. Plums are delicious. My stepmother always asks Wang Xiang to look after the plum tree. One day, a strong wind suddenly blew and it rained heavily. Wang Xiang was worried that the plum tree would be punished by the wind and rain, so he held the plum tree and began to cry. On another occasion, Wang Xiang was sleeping in another bed, and her stepmother got up at night, and cut it with a knife at his bedside in the dark. Just as Wang Xiang got up to pee, the knife cut on the quilt. When Wang Xiang came back from peeing, knowing that her stepmother hated herself, she knelt down for her stepmother and let her die. The stepmother was moved and realized. From then on, she fell in love with Wang Xiangru's own son. (Excerpted from Shi Shuo Xin Yu). Wang Xiang was also a man of the hour in Wei and Jin Dynasties. He was a senior official of Wei and Qiu, but he made great contributions to the capture of Cao Wei's regime by Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. After the Zen in Jin Dynasty, the more loyal he became to Taibao, the more despised he was by the upright people at that time. He is regarded as a so-called "fellow villager" who doesn't respect his father, which shows his bad conduct. However, it is such a "homesickness wish" that has left many stories of filial piety, such as "protecting Li for mother" and "preferring death to surrender to mother" and so on. In contrast, his so-called "protecting Li" and "seeking death" are just fake actions to gain goodwill and save his life. It can be seen from the phenomenon that his true colors of hypocrisy are still obvious.
(6) Epitaphs of foreign famous people: After the death of western celebrities, most gravestones are engraved with epitaphs, or record the main achievements of the deceased's life and show the personality characteristics of the deceased.
(1) The tombstone of German mathematician Rudolph is engraved with pi = 3. 145438+06.
(2) French microbiologist Pasteur's tombstone is engraved with many chickens, lambs, puppies and children surrounded by flowers.
(3) The epitaph of mathematician Diao Pandu is unknown. After solving this equation, we will know the time stamps of several stages of the deceased's life in many years.
(4) The epitaph of American sexy movie star Marilyn Monroe is "37, 22, 35, R.I.P". According to the Monroe Institute, the number represents the number of inches in Monroe's three dimensions, and the abbreviation means "sleep here". It is said that this epitaph is the greatest wish to respect the life of the deceased-the pursuit of beauty (including physical beauty, of course).
(5) Bernard Shaw/Kloc-A famous British dramatist in the middle and late 9th century is a very humorous person, and there are quite a few words describing his humorous words and deeds all his life. Once, the first performance of a new play by Bernard Shaw was a great success. He sent a telegram to the heroine, saying, "Great, great!" " "The actress was flattered and quickly called back:" You flatter me. " Bernard Shaw played a joke. He called back and said, "I'm sorry, I mean the script. "Bernard Shaw's epitaph reflects his humorous character:" No matter how long I live, this kind of thing will happen. "
(6) Coincidentally, the epitaph of Hemingway, an American writer, is also humorous. It said, "I'm sorry." But if you only read humor from this sentence, it is not enough. It also shows the writer's view of life and death to some extent. Hemingway's life is colorful and in full swing. Adventure is his constant companion. As a reporter, he often haunts the battlefield of life and death. He used a shotgun to fight wild animals in the wilderness of Africa. He likes the game-writing protocol and yellow sand in the bullring, the competition and shouting in the boxing ring, and the beauty and wine. He was fascinated by all the activities that can embody the life force, and all these were accompanied by a series of immortal masterpieces he created: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Who the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the Sea, as well as the title of the representative of the "Lost Generation" and the honor of Nobel Prize in Literature. This writer who loves life so much is not afraid of death. He said: "In my opinion, the whole world is like a boxing ring, and everyone is in it. You can only survive by fighting back-of course, I always take part in boxing, and I will fight with myself until the last day of my life. It is a beautiful thing to accept death. This is the tragic beauty you see when you watch the bullfight every Sunday. " "Death has its own beauty, a kind of quietness, a kind of deformation that won't make me afraid." When his health deteriorated, he calmly and bravely ended his life with a shotgun and left a tragic beauty for the world with his own blood. In Hemingway's view, death is a kind of "deformation" of life, and his epitaph just shows the writer's attitude towards death, which contains sadness in harmony and elegance.
Unlike the epitaphs of Bernard Shaw and Hemingway, the epitaph of Stendhal (whose real name is Henry Bell) is not humorous at all. The epitaph drafted by this French critical realist writer at the beginning of the19th century is as follows: "Henry Bell, a Milanese, wrote, fell in love and lived." At first glance, this epitaph is really unremarkable, but as long as you know a little about Stendhal's life, it's not hard to understand its meaning. As a teenager, Stendhal was deeply influenced by his grandfather. He believed in the Enlightenment and was fascinated by the French Revolution. /kloc-when he was 0/7 years old, he rode a fine horse over the mountains to catch up with Napoleon's expeditionary force, and then fought with the army in the European continent. He witnessed the raging fire in Moscow in 18 12, and also participated in the sixth anti-French war against six European monarchs in 18 13. He experienced the great victory of Napoleon and the pain of imperial defeat. Napoleon has always been a hero in his mind. In order not to live in the restoration of Bourbon, which he hated, he once lived in Italy, but he was deported because of his close ties with the anti-government charcoal party in Italy. After returning to China, Stendhal lived in poverty, and he had to work as a French consul in a foreign town. Literary creation is Stendhal's lifelong interest. His works Red and Black, Loufan in Lv Xian and Parma Monastery are all immortal masterpieces. Stendhal's works have a very distinctive creative personality. He is good at observing and analyzing the reality from a political point of view, and truly reproduces the social and political situation and the changes of class relations in an era, which makes the novel have distinct characteristics of the times. He is good at shaping typical characters in typical environments, especially at meticulous psychological portrayal, which makes the characters vivid and full. Stendhal has also made great achievements in literary theory. His famous thesis Racine and Shakespeare is one of the earliest literary theoretical works that put forward realistic creative ideas at the beginning of19th century. He said, "Mr. Bell is one of the great men of our time. This first-class observer and this outstanding diplomat, both in writing and in conversation, have proved in many ways that his views are superb and his practical knowledge is extensive. It's really hard to explain. He ended up as a consul in Chivita Vecchia. " Stendhal once said that his works 1880 will be read (the famous work "Red and Black" was published in 1830), and 1935 will be understood, which shows that Stendhal is convinced of the value of his works. As for his bumpy and rich life, Stendhal only modestly called it "life" and "writing". Doesn't this reflect the writer's extremely serious attitude towards life and creation and the extremely high standard requirements? ! History is just, and it gives writers their due status. He is recognized as one of the founders of critical realism, and his excellent novels are considered to be among the best in France and even in the world.
(8) An ancient man in China said: People die like lights out and know nothing. If it were me, I wouldn't want any epitaph. I can't refute the court and praise me. I can't repay. This is the grave of Tolstoy, a great Russian writer. It has no tombstone or cross, and its name is not even engraved. It's just a coffin pier, lying in Tolstoy's hometown Jasner? Pogliana is in the middle of a forest, but it attracts thousands of descendants. They paid homage to the great man's grave with reverence and saw Tolstoy's character-simplicity. This simple character became more and more obvious after Tolstoy's world outlook changed dramatically in the early 1980s. He believes that the sufferings of the broad masses of people are caused by "gentlemen", who are sinners, and Tolstoy himself is among the sinners. He has been worried about his master's life all his life, so he decided to change his lifestyle. He cleaned the house himself, chopped wood and made a fire. Without a servant, he went to the well to fetch water himself. He stopped drinking, eating meat, giving up smoking and giving up his hobby of hunting. He often helps farmers to cultivate and harvest. Therefore, Lie Bin, a famous Russian painter, created a famous painting "Tolstoy is plowing the field", in which Tolstoy looks like a complete farmer and is a true record of the great writer's work in the field. 19 10 One night in June, an 82-year-old man ran away from home in order to get rid of the aristocratic family life completely. He fell ill at a small railway station on the way, because he couldn't stand the fatigue of the journey. Tolstoy died after a few days of painful torture. This great writer, who exposed and criticized Russia's autocratic tyranny, the decadent ruling class and the hypocritical nature of the church all his life, shouted for the people's sufferings and contributed a number of excellent works of art to the treasure house of world literature.
These novels include the famous novels War and Peace, anna karenine and Resurrection. He won the highest honor a writer can get-the love of people all over the world. And his unpretentious grave without epitaph tells people the greatness of Tolstoy's personality from generation to generation.
(7) Su Dongpo's poem about ring cakes: During the reign of Song Shaosheng, Su Dongpo was demoted to Zhan County, Hainan Island. There is an old woman selling rice cakes locally. Her craft is good and the quality of doughnuts is high. However, because the store is remote and unknown, business has been bad. Knowing that Su Dongpo was a famous writer, the old woman asked him to write poems for the shop. Su Dongpo felt sorry for her, and the ring cake craft was really good, so he wrote a four-line poem:
When rubbed by hand, the jade color is even and the oil is light yellow and deep.
Sleeping at night in spring knows the weight, crushing a beautiful woman and hugging gold. In just 28 words, the characteristics and shape of rice cakes are outlined, which are uniform, thin, bright and crisp.
(8) Li Bai was drunk fishing for the moon by the river: On a night with few stars, Li Bai and several friends gathered by the river to drink, and everyone enjoyed the moon while drinking. Suddenly, a cloud passed by and covered the moon. Li Bai stopped at the light when he saw this. Stand up and shout: "Where is the moon?" My friend teased me, "I fell into the river." Li Bai-Listen, grab a jar of wine, jump into the boat by the river and say, "I want to get the moon back." Sail the boat to the center of the river. The shadow of the moon gradually moved, and Li Bai was shrouded in gentle moonlight. He is happy and forgetful. Unconsciously, an altar of wine is exhausted, and I just want to catch the moon. He leaned down and touched it, and the silver plate broke. He can watch intently again, but he is as good as before, so he is happy to go fishing again. Suddenly, a gust of wind blew and the boat capsized. When the river was calm, Li Bai had disappeared. Later generations have a poem: when you are drunk, you love to hang the end of the month, and your hand can turn over the moon. You shouldn't be so hungry that you spit to ride a whale to the sky.
Stories are classified and endless. Only by paying attention to everything in daily life and study can we make continuous progress and master it.