The Northern Wei Dynasty was founded.
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, from 386 AD, Tuoba GUI called Wang Jianguo, and in 534, Emperor Wei Xiaowu fled to Chang 'an and went to Yu Wentai. After fourteen emperors, it lasted 149 years.
The Northern Wei Dynasty was a political power established by the Tuoba Department of Xianbei nationality. The Tuoba Department of Xianbei originally lived near the Daxinganling Mountains in Heilongjiang and Nenjiang rivers, and lived a nomadic life. Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, after the Northern Xiongnu was defeated and moved westward, the Tuoba Department, led by Tuoba Jiaofen, a toast, gradually moved westward and entered the original northern Xiongnu station, namely Mobei area. During the period of Tusi Tuoba Liwei, Tuoba moved south to Yunzhong (now Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia) and later to Lesheng (now Helinger, Inner Mongolia), and had contacts with Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty. But at this time, Tuoba Department is still in the stage of clan and tribe alliance.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Tuoba Youlu, the grandson of Tuoba Liwei, was appointed as Daigong and later as Daiwang by the Western Jin government for helping Liu Kun, the secretariat of the Western Jin Dynasty, to fight against Huns Liu Cong and Xerox. In the fourth year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (338), Tuoba Shiyi succeeded to the throne, set up official positions, formulated criminal laws, and gradually improved state institutions. Shifang frequently launched large-scale wars, plundering tens of thousands of livestock and population. He gave some of these trophies to his deputies according to their merits, livestock became private property, and prisoners became slaves. This shows that Tuoba Department has entered the class society of slave ownership.
While Tuoba Department was developing rapidly on the road of national formation, in 376, Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, conquered Daiguo. After the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin Dynasty fell. At the beginning of 386, Tuoba GUI, the grandson of Shi Yigui, took the opportunity to be king in the Yuesheng Palace in Yunzhong and rebuild the country. In April of that year, he claimed to be Wang Wei and changed his name to Wei. Tuoba GUI launched a war and gradually occupied most of Shanxi and Hebei today. In 3981February, Tuoba GUI made Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) his capital and proclaimed himself emperor. Tuoba GUI was the first emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, known as Emperor Taizu Daowu in history.
The Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North.
After the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, after more than 30 years' operation by Taizu Tuoba GUI and Taizong Tuoba Si, the separatist forces of Xia, Beiyan and Beiliang in 10 were eliminated successively by Taizu Tuoba GUI and Taizu Tao, and the national situation was already very strong. By the fifth year of Taiyan (AD 439), the north was unified and the confrontation between the north and the south was formally formed.
The Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, which was a great national integration in the history of China and created a relatively stable environment for social and economic development.
The cruel system that the mother dies and the child is expensive.
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, in order to avoid the intervention of consorts, the imperial court implemented a cruel system, that is, a harem woman would be put to death as long as she gave birth to a boy, so as to avoid the situation that mother and son were expensive. But the youngest son still needs someone to take care of him, so there is the so-called queen mother, that is, when the nanny takes care of the new prince and inherits the throne, she is named the queen mother. There are three kinds of empresses in the Northern Wei Dynasty, one is the emperor's biological mother, the other is the emperor's nanny, and the other is the queen who is lucky enough to survive without a son.
Li Daoyuan, a great geographer and essayist, also appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Li Daoyuan was born in Zhuolu, Fanyang (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) in 465 or 472 AD. He and his father were officials of the Northern Wei regime during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His father was the secretariat of Qingzhou, Shandong Province. I was a central official in Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) and Luoyang (moved to Luoyang in 493 AD), and a local official in Jizhou (now Jixian, Hebei), Luyang (now Lushan, Henan) and Dongjingzhou (now tanghe county, Henan). According to historical records, Li Daoyuan is famous for his toughness as an official. When he was an official in the local area, he did many good things for the local public security and cultural and educational undertakings, and achieved remarkable results. He enforces the law very strictly, and officials are afraid of him and dare not do evil. The thief also fled to other places. When he was an official in the central government, he was not afraid to avoid powerful people and dared to expose their evil deeds, so many powerful people hated him. In 527 AD, Xiao Baohuan, the secretariat of Yongzhou (now Xi, Shaanxi), tried to oppose the Northern Wei regime. In order to get rid of him, the people who hated Li played a plot to kill people with a knife, and deliberately encouraged the Northern Wei regime to send Li to An as the envoy of Guan Yu. Huan really suspected that Li Daoyuan was going to hit him, so he sent someone to rob him and killed him on the way. When Li Daoyuan went to Yinpan Post Office (now east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province), he was besieged by Xiao Department. Built on the mountain, and the edible well is at the foot of the mountain, the draft is cut off after being surrounded. Although Li Daoyuan and his party dug wells in the mountains to find water, and dug wells more than ten feet deep, there was still no water. In the end, there was no food and water, and Li Daoyuan and one of his younger brothers and two sons were killed at the same time. When he died, Li Daoyuan glared at the traitor and showed the spirit of unyielding to death.