1. About teaching. He repeatedly stressed that the purpose of higher education is to cultivate students' research spirit and creative spirit, that is, "the spirit of correcting thoughts and creating truth." He asked teachers to "make full preparations before class and seriously think about why teachers teach, how to teach and what is teaching, that is, purpose, method and reason." Interpretation can be mysterious and fascinating, with reason as the law and reason as the purpose. The "opponents of teaching" only read the chapters and sentences in the textbook handout when teaching, or just expand it slightly, and narrow the scope of the course when taking the exam, and recite more mechanical questions. "For undergraduates, he put forward three hopes:" (1) enrich and revise knowledge within the specified time; "(2) Cultivate the ability to study for another day; (3) automation is the principle, not just dictation. " Due to the differences in age and knowledge, "it is advisable to be extremely interventionist for preparatory students, pay attention to the concentration of students' listening spirit in words and deeds, and adopt heuristic methods." "In addition, for teaching methods, homework, experiments, internships, etc. His views and opinions were expounded in Notes on the Actual Situation and Achievements of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of Wuchang Normal University, which was advanced and groundbreaking at that time.
Huang's teaching task has always been very heavy. In addition to the later liberal arts courses, there are only mathematics courses. Take Sun Yat-sen University in 1927 as an example, compulsory courses such as algebra, number theory and calculus are given to the first, second and third grades of mathematics and astronomy respectively, and calculus and number theory are given to the second grades of physics, chemistry and minerals at least 15 class hours per week.
2. About the teacher. It is the most puzzling thing for colleges and universities in the first 30 years of the 20th century. Until 1930, the department of mathematics was still 1. According to the historical records of Shandong University, "When 1930 was founded, because there was only one professor at that time, only four courses could be offered: calculus, algebraic analysis, three-dimensional analytic geometry and mathematical exercises." This professor is Huang, who is the only math teacher in the department this academic year. He took all the math courses in the department. From the second year (193 1), only one lecturer was introduced each year for three years, namely: Song Zhizhai (word Hongzhe), Li Xianzheng (word Baoheng) and Yang Shanji. The professors need it very much, and he is in a hurry. 1932 actively strived for his early student Ceng Jiong (1898- 1940). At that time, he studied for a doctorate at the University of G? ttingen, Germany, and went to teach at Shandong University after his completion. Because of his unfinished studies, Ceng Jiong recommended Li Da, a German schoolmate who has returned to China with a doctorate. 1In August, 934, Li Da resigned from Professor Tsinghua University and went to Shandong University, which was the second professor in the fifth year of the establishment of the Department of Mathematics. Huang gave it to Li Da, who is also the head of the mathematics department, through the school. 1935, Chen (real name, 1903- 1989) just got a doctorate in French science, and Huang hired Chen as a professor of this department. In the same month, Li Ruifu (original name, 1903- 1987). At this point, the Department of Mathematics of Shandong University had three professors and four lecturers, which was a department with strong teachers in China at that time. Before liberation, the department was in its heyday, offering 50 courses. Among them, compulsory course 15, group compulsory course 22 and elective course 13.
Huang Jian's department of mathematics, on the one hand, seeks differences, on the other hand, cultivates oneself. In his early years, he had just arrived at the Department of Mathematics and Science of Wuchang Normal University, and learned that there were extracurricular academic groups in organizations such as first-year students Zeng (word Zhaoan, 1892- 1978). He is very concerned about the reorganization, gives careful support and guidance (details will be described later), and intends to cultivate the growth of these students. 19 17 years, after graduation, he supported studying in Japan, and soon returned to China for some reason, urging him to go to the United States for further study, recommending his research results in the United States to be published in China, and encouraging him to study and keep in touch in the future. From 65438 to 0925, Zeng Zhaoan received his doctorate from Columbia University, and returned to his alma mater to establish and lead the mathematical coefficient of Wuhan University for ten years. Their teachers and students often correspond with each other in their respective positions of managing the Department of Mathematics. He is good at catching and cultivating new seedlings. 1932, Liu Shuqin (1909— 1994), who just graduated from university and teaches in Qingdao Ji Jiao Railway Middle School, is eager to learn and make progress. Huang specially arranged for Liu to give a speech at the Mathematics Meeting of Shandong University, entitled "Definition of Mathematics".
1933165438+10 In October, Shandong University held an academic report to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Xu Guangqi's death. He asked the new lecturer Yang Shanji (1904- 1966) to talk about "the classification of geometry". For this kind of speech aimed at newcomers, he prepared an outline in advance, put forward specific requirements and gave detailed guidance to the speaker, with the aim of giving young people a chance to exercise and grow. Later, Liu Shuqin studied in Japan, and Yang Shanji went to Harvard University. After returning to China, Liu and Yang successively served as professors in the department of mathematics in colleges and universities.
1922, Huang returned from the United States and went to Northeast Imperial College via Japan. He met Chen (1893- 197 1), who was about to graduate from college, and invited Chen to teach at Wuchang Normal University after graduation. 1924, Chen went to school (called Wuchang University at this time) and taught Ceng Jiong and Wang Fuchun two high flyers. He supported and recommended Chen to go abroad for further study. "He didn't agree with the president of Wuchang Normal University, so he resigned and went to Henan." After teaching at Wuchang University for two years, Chen 1926 went to Japan again to study for a doctorate. 1929, he learned that Wang Fuchun (word Meng Qiang,1901-1947) was only an auditor studying in Japan and had financial difficulties. 1930 hired Wang to return to China as a part-time university teacher, which not only solved Wang's temporary economic needs, but also achieved the purpose of further study. Many young people, with his support and help, later became the backbone teachers in colleges and universities.
3. About teaching materials. In the early years of the Republic of China, the textbooks of newly-built colleges were blank, and most teachers used the original foreign language textbooks imported from foreign countries. Huang said: "If foreign textbooks are adopted, there will be difficulties in compiling, purchasing and the inappropriateness of each book." When he was in Wuchang Teachers College, he compiled the textbook Intermediate Arithmetic (Connecting Primary Schools) and Calculus, translated and annotated the textbook Continued Elementary Algebra and Explaining the Knowledge of Continued Elementary Algebra by Japanese Fujisawa Ryo, and published them in 19 17, which belongs to the early teaching books in China. According to his eldest son Huang Jiaqi (1912-1988), in the 1920s, he wrote many mathematics textbooks, such as modern algebra, advanced calculus, differential equations under groups and so on. Unfortunately, no formal printing has survived. In academic groups such as the Mathematical Society, he has repeatedly urged everyone to participate in the compilation of mathematical physics textbooks or mathematical physics series, but the results have been minimal.
On March 9th 1933, I received an invitation from the Ministry of Education to participate in the national symposium on astronomy, mathematics and physics. A list of topics for the seminar was attached to the letter. I hope participants can prepare their own proposals in advance. After reading it, he was overjoyed According to the topic to be discussed, he immediately drew up two suggestions: one is to collect graduation papers or reports of mathematics from universities every year, which will be approved and published by the Ministry of Education; The other is the compilation of advanced mathematics series. On March 2 1 day, he recorded the manuscript of the proposal in his diary. Among them, the content of the case of compiling a series of books is: "Cause of action: advanced mathematics books are in urgent need, and the world is rich in knowledge, which is not only expensive for foreigners, but also unaffordable for those who are poor, that is, because of different languages and characters, they have also made those who are poor proud, so it is not enough not to work together to compile a series of books, so as to cultivate the theoretical foundation of Chinese people and immerse themselves in academic independence." However, taking one person as the task, the strength is limited, and the cause, especially the purely scientific bookstore, is sluggish and unwilling to co-organize. So in the past thirty or twenty years, there are less than ten kinds of books for students to refer to. In Japan alone, more than four advanced mathematics lectures have been published in the past year, with more than 100 kinds of contents. Therefore, without joint efforts, it is not enough to compile a set of advanced mathematics series, which is approved and published by the Ministry of Education. ""Methods: (1) Set up a series committee of advanced mathematics. (2) The Committee shall formulate the categories, formats, grading standards and various matters of the series. (three) categories are determined by the faculty and researchers of universities and research institutes, and are compiled according to the standard of the format. (4) After the books are compiled, they will be sent to the Ministry of Education for review and publication. "The congress was held in Nanjing from April to April 6, 65438, 1933. This is an important meeting to discuss the development of this subject. Students of famous mathematicians in the field of mathematics, such as Feng Zuxun, Jiang Lifu, Hu Dunfu, Zheng, Zhu, Su, Zhao Jinyi and Huang, and Zeng Zhaoan, director of the Department of Mathematics of Wuhan University, attended the meeting. Huang Jiyu's suggestion attracted public attention, and the participants actively supported and responded, and it was passed at the meeting. After the meeting, the first set of university mathematics series in China was published by the Commercial Press, which contributed to the development of mathematics education in China University.
4. About organizing extracurricular academic group activities. In Huang's view, it is one of the important ways to cultivate research-oriented and innovative talents to guide the mathematics society with students as the main body and teachers and students participating together and set up mathematics newspapers and periodicals. Every time he went to a school, he supported or advocated teachers and students to establish mathematical societies, among which the Mathematical Society of Wuchang Normal University and its Journal of Mathematical Societies made the most remarkable achievements.
The Mathematical Physics Society of Wuchang Normal University was the first mathematical research society established by the students of the first preparatory class in the school, Zeng (word Zhao 'an) and Chen Qingzhao, on April 8 19 14. At first, it was called the subject of studying mathematics. "When Mr. Huang gives lectures at the headquarters, the meeting will be further expanded. Anyone who can do the best will prepare for a week. " Because there were few teachers and students majoring in mathematics and physics at that time, colleges and universities generally engaged in mathematics or physics activities together. After several reorganizations, the former Mathematics Research Association was formally established on September 26th, 2006. Tel: 1965438. The general constitution of the association stipulates that "the purpose of this association is to study mathematics and science and fund teaching." Students in our school are members, and teachers and graduates are special members. The brochure also stipulates that the president of the association "the prime minister's meeting shall be held by the head of the department of mathematics and physics of our school." Huang Jishou became the natural president of the Mathematical Society. The initial activities of the Mathematics Club are mainly lectures, once every two weeks, with two people each time, and the members take turns to give lectures at will. In addition, experts or celebrities outside the school are invited to give occasional lectures.
On the eve of the May 4th Movement, the trend of scientific academic thought became increasingly active, and both Beijing Normal University and Peking University Mathematical Physics Society were planning to publish publications. The Mathematical Society of Wuchang Normal University is also preparing to publish the Journal of Mathematical Society, which stipulates: "The purpose of this magazine is to study the subject of mathematical science and popularize its knowledge." Content: "Write down mathematics, physical chemistry and other subjects for special research to facilitate the teaching and academic reference of secondary academic circles." The inaugural issue was released in May 19 18. Huang spent a lot of energy on the first issue: he wrote the Second Speech Draft, wrote a paper "The Causes of Various Errors in Mathematics", occupied four articles in the column of Literature and Art, and occupied two articles in the column of Query, and also undertook the editing and distribution of this issue, encouraging all members to jointly run this publication well. He wrote articles in the first six issues, but he didn't write in the seventh, eighth and ninth issues because he was studying abroad. He has just returned to China. He not only continued to write articles, but also recommended that the Mathematics Department of Tohoku University in Japan and the Curriculum of the University of Chicago in the United States be published in issue 10. He also suggested that the research papers of Jin Ronglu (University of Chicago) and Zeng (Columbia University), who are studying for degrees in the United States, be published in foreign languages in magazines in order to gradually improve them. & ltbr & gt
192265438+in February, the Mathematical Society (renamed as "Mathematical Society of Wuchang Normal University" at this time) revised its general constitution, and its purpose was changed to "contact comrades to study mathematical physics and promote its development", which was a step higher than before. Both the principal and the teaching staff are elected, and Huang has been the principal during his school days. At this time, Ceng Jiong was elected as the director of the research department of the Institute, and Xiao Wencan and Wang Fuchun were elected as the directors of the publishing department of the Institute. The Journal of the Society of Mathematics and Physics sponsored by the Society changed its name to Journal of Mathematics and Physics from the 9th issue 1922 published in April to the 6th issue 1 1 published in June, that is, the last issue we have seen so far, but there is no sign of stopping the publication?
Later, Huang Ji met Henan University and Shandong University, and both universities organized mathematical and scientific societies. At Henan University, he once instructed Song Hongzhe, a student, to run a math newspaper. There are relatively many lecture activities in the Mathematical Physics Society of Shandong University. In addition to the general lectures given by members in turn, he also personally organized some special lectures. For example, Liu Shuqin, a teacher from Ji Jiao Railway Middle School mentioned earlier, and Yang Shanji, a lecturer from our school, have all given such speeches to the society. Through learning activities, many talents have been trained. Huang Jiyu's research results are usually delivered to the society first. The first half of his original Study on Goodman Function was delivered to the Mathematics Society of Zhongzhou University in Henan in the winter of 1926, and the second half was extended to the Mathematics Society of Shandong University in April of 1932.
In addition, he attaches great importance to the communication between communities. As early as 19 18 and 12, he sent Xia Longji to Beijing to attend the joint meeting of the Mathematical Physics Society of Peking University and Beijing Normal University on behalf of Wuchang Normal University, which was a major event in business development. 1925, 1 1 In June, he was in Beijing and was invited by the Mathematics and Physics Society of Beijing Normal University to talk about "the future position of mathematics in education." 1933, he went to Beijing again. At this time, it was the Mathematics Society of Beijing Normal University, and he was invited to talk about "how to learn mathematics". Before each lecture, he expressed his feelings for the school. In his first speech, he said: "Although my brothers have never seen your club, when they think of Beijing Normal University, they think of the math club here;" Moreover, the magazine also exchanged a lot of academic opinions, so it can be said that I am spiritually connected with your association. " Before the second lecture, he said, "Come to Peiping once every few years, just like a countryman goes to the city, in order to bring things from the city to the countryside. ..... "He is keen to run the extracurricular academic societies of teachers and students well, personally lead the societies, start magazines, write articles, guide and cultivate students' research ability and creative spirit, which is one of the characteristics of his pioneering higher mathematics education. He devoted a lot of effort to this and was the most outstanding among his contemporary mathematics professors.
In the early stage of the development of higher mathematics education in China, Huang was one of the few famous mathematics educators outside Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Chinese mathematical society was founded in July 1935, with 9 directors,1/director, 2 1 critic. Huang was elected as a member of the Council of the Planning and Development Association. At that time, he was recognized as a veteran in the domestic mathematics field.