Need the accumulation of algorithms: artificial neural network, support vector machine, genetic algorithm, etc. Of course, algorithms are needed in various fields. For example, in order to make robots navigate and build maps in the positioning environment, it is necessary to study SLAM. In short, many algorithms need time to accumulate.
You need to master at least one programming language: after all, the realization of the algorithm still needs programming; If you go deep into hardware, some basic courses of electricity are essential.