In the exhibition hall of China Science and Technology Museum, there are exhibitions of modern science and technology and ancient China traditional technology. On the first, second and third floors of the main exhibition hall, there are more than 300 exhibits reflecting basic sciences such as mathematics, machinery, sound, light and electricity. These exhibits are from the Ontario Science Center in Canada. 1984 The Science and Technology Museums of China and Canada signed an agreement, and the Ontario Science Center of Canada held a science and technology exhibition in China, while the China Science and Technology Museum held an exhibition of China's ancient traditional technology in Canada, in order to enhance cultural exchanges between the East and the West. From the early days of the museum, the eastern and western cultures began to blend and conflict in the China Science and Technology Museum.

The development of modern science and technology museum originated after the Western Renaissance. After the Renaissance in Europe, people's understanding of nature advanced by leaps and bounds, and many sciences began to systematize, such as the establishment of taxonomy of plants, animals and minerals, and the formation of new concepts of chemistry, physics and astronomy, which made many new discoveries and new understandings appear in the world. At that time, many giants in science, such as Lamarck and Darwin, spent most of their research careers in museums. Their scientific achievements enriched the exhibition in the museum. The exhibition broadens people's horizons and changes people's ideas, which in turn promotes the development of science and technology and social progress. Like the French Museum of Natural History, the British Museum in Britain, the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, and later the new york Museum of Natural History, most of these world-class museums are products of this period. This stage can be said to be a period when museums reflect human understanding of the external natural environment.