3. D. Hilbert-known as the king of mathematics, a brilliant teacher.
4. Not her, menstruation Nott, the 20th century algebra master.
Everyone on the earth knows the inventor of computer von Neumann.
6. Who else do you know?
7. The spiritual leader of Bourbaki School.
8. I am Gelfand, winner of the first Wolff Prize and a master of functional analysis.
9. Wiener-a typical child prodigy, the founder of cybernetics.
10. Alexandrov-
11.ledesque-the originator of real analysis, Lebesgue.
12. shafarevich-
13.v.i. Arnold-A.N. Kolmogorov's most proud disciple, and another great Russian.
14. Dydykin, a famous Dydykin teacher.
15. Markov-Markov? Anyone who studies probability knows.
16. Klein-Herun plan, genius.
17. Generally speaking, he is a great mathematician.
18. Jordan-I always thought he was 19 th century, hehe.
19. Siegel-from G? ttingen? The winner of the first Wolf Prize.
20. Sobolev-
21.J.P. Searle —— 1954 He was less than 28 years old when he won the Fields Prize.
22. Grothendieck beyond the times? Oh, my god Oh, my god
23. Whitney-Whitney, the originator of differential topology.
24.e. Cartan—— The person who is a late bloomer in differential geometry should really be in the top ten.
25.thom- the founder of mutation theory.
26. Milnor —— Together with Nash, he is called the Gemini of Princeton, the master of differential topology.
27. hardman-Who is this man? Deja vu.
28. Godel-Godel actually only ranked 28th?
29. Landau-a very rich mathematician.
30. Hecke-I didn't expect this person to be so awesome. I have just heard of Heck algebra.
3 1. Chen Shengshen-a grandmaster, the pride of China people.
32. zermelo, the East of Set Theory, became a household name after learning it.
33. Pontriagin-
34. H. Cartan-should be the son of Lao Jiadang, who inherited his father's career.
35.Hopf- Master of Topology from Switzerland, Professor of Harvard University.
36. Ping Bangyan, a * * * person, is a diligent algebraic geometer.
37. Cantor-Cantor of set theory is only 37, which is very helpless.
38. Where should brower rank?
39.Picard- Existence and uniqueness theorem?
40. Whitehead-a philosopher from Cambridge?
4 1. Caratheodory-
42. G.H. Hardy-the most "pure" mathematician in Cambridge.
43. Ahlfors-winner of the first Fields Prize.
Selberg, Li's compatriot, it is hard to imagine that Norway has produced so many first-class mathematicians.
45. Tucker Tucker Nash's teacher at Princeton. Founder of tucker equilibrium in economics.
46. Takagi Sadako-* * the earliest mathematician with international reputation.
47. Founder of the Lefschetz-Princeton dynasty.
48. Banach-too backward, speechless.
49. Ehrenberg-Allen Berg has a good relationship with China and Laos.
50. attiya is the representative of British mathematics in the second half of the 20th century.
5 1. Sinai Peninsula-
52.Smale was kicked out of the university by the dean, hehe.
53. Four villages and five lang-four villages and five lang guess?
54. vinogradov-vinogradov? How can this man be better than Huada?
55. Za Riski-Za Riski, a representative of algebraic geometry in the 20th century.
56. A good collaborator of Litewood-Hardy.
57-year-old Nellivana
58 years old, Linnik.
59. Shure-the name that appears many times in finite group theory, Shure.
Luzin Luzin, 60, is a doctoral supervisor in Kolmogorov.
Fredholm 6 1
62. Vander Waals Deng-Have you ever read algebra?
Tikhonov, 63
Bernstein, 64-
65 Locklin.
66-year-old Marceau Fukuhara Ai
67-year-old Hormander
Turing-everyone who studies computers knows him.
69. Minkowski-envy talents and sigh.
70, peron
Dabu, 7 1
72. levy-I heard of this person when I transferred to school.
73. Ramanujan-is he a super talented mathematician in India? Ha ha.
No.74, Brownfield
75. Borer-Borer, there is no need to say more about this man.
Harish Chandra.
77 years old, Scholer.
Leray 78
79. Carl Lehman
80. Mountford Mountford, algebraic geometer, winner of the Fields Prize.
8 1. crull-
82. Fisher-It seems that this person is not in the mainstream field.
83. Su Silin-
84. Schwartz-Schwartz in complex function? I don't think so
85. Nong Xia-Is it "Shannon"?
86. Lignin removal-
87. Botshner
88. Is Zhongshan Zheng-* * * so awesome?
89. Zeeman-
90. Hua Luogeng-Hua Lao, this ranking is gratifying.
9 1. Petrovsky-
92. gromov-
93. Tengfu Sato-It's strange that there are so many irrelevant people who have never met Langlands.
94. Russell Russell Why are you so backward?
95. boekhoff has a great reputation, but I don't know much about it.
96. Lindelov-Lindelov, I should have heard of him in the real variable function class.
97. Teqimuller-
98.Brauer-shock ranking, don't treat algebra as a person.
99. Gardin-The Swede Godin who wrote Introduction to Mathematics?
100. witt-China's top 200 mathematicians also include Feng Kang.
Wentsun Wu
week
Cheng dongyou
Small 1500 The top mathematicians in China are:
Xiang Wuzhong
Xiangwuyi
Gong Sheng
king
Wu hongxi
Yan zhida
Lu jiaxi
Chen Jingrun China top 200 mathematicians include: Feng Kang.
Wentsun Wu
week
Cheng dongyou
Small 1500 top mathematicians in China include:
Xiang Wuzhong
Xiangwuyi
Gong Sheng
king
Wu hongxi
Yan zhida
Lu jiaxi
Jingrun Chen
A.n . Kolmogorov Kolmogorov Gerloff( 1903- 1987)
Works:
Application of Real Variable Function Theory in Probability Theory
It laid the foundation of modern probability theory.
Published more than 230 monographs and papers.
Honor:
/kloc-0 won the wolf prize in 1980, and/kloc-0 won the doctorate in physical mathematics in 1935. 1939 was elected as an academician of the Soviet academy of sciences, and 1966 was elected as an academician of the Soviet academy of education. He is the editor-in-chief of the second edition of the Soviet Encyclopedia.
Short stories:
Soviet mathematician. 1903 was born in Tampov on April 25th and died on October 20th. 1925 graduated from Moscow university. From 65438 to 0930, he became a professor at Moscow University. Andrei Andrey Kolmogorov is one of the most influential Soviet mathematicians in the 20th century. His mathematical research began with the theory of real variable function, and obtained important results in many aspects, such as convergence of trigonometric series, measure theory, generalization of integral concept, general operator theory on sets and so on. He is also one of the pioneers of modern probability theory. After 1925, he and Qin Xin applied the method of real variable function theory to probability theory, established the axiomatic system of probability theory based on measure theory, and laid the foundation of modern probability theory. After 1930, the analysis method applied to Markov random processes with continuous time variables is emphatically studied, and the theory of "Markov process" is developed and applied to engineering technology. In addition, André Andrey Kolmogorov also contributed to mathematical logic, topology, mechanics, differential equations, functional analysis, information theory and mathematical semantics. He is also engaged in the research of mathematical history, philosophy, mathematical argumentation and other topics. He founded the Soviet school in the fields of function theory and probability theory. He trained a large number of outstanding mathematical talents. * * * Published more than 230 monographs and papers.
Poincare Poincare (1854 ~ 19 12) was born in Nancy, France, and died in Paris, a French mathematician. This work spans many fields of mathematics and science and has a great influence on mathematics in the twentieth century.
The poincare family stands out. He got good grades in all subjects since he was a child, and he is also known as the "monster" in mathematics. /kloc-entered Ecole Polytechnic at the age of 0/9, and his math scores were far ahead of his peers. However, because he was infected with diphtheria when he was a child, his performance in sports, art and music was quite poor. What is even more surprising is that his eyesight is very poor, so his class is conducted entirely by listening. Fortunately, he has an extraordinary memory and amazing spatial intuition, but he found a new way to master and learn knowledge, and saw nothing with his unique "eye".
After graduating from 1875, he entered Ecole des Mines and decided to become an engineer. However, his talent in mathematics made him embark on the road of mathematics again. 1879, under the guidance of Hermite, obtained a doctorate from Paris University, and then applied to teach at Caen University. 188 1 year, at the age of 27, he transferred to the University of Paris to teach until his death.
Poincare's mathematical work spans many fields, including automorphic functions, dynamical systems and chaos prediction. In addition, Poincare's achievements in celestial mechanics are summarized into three volumes, New Methods of Celestial Mechanics (1892- 1899) and Lectures on Celestial Mechanics (1905-65438). 1895, he published "Analysis of situs", which officially blew the horn for algebraic topology and put forward new concepts such as basic group, homology group, Poincare duality and triangulation. Poincare at least gave birth to the field of multi-complex variable function theory; Ergodic hypothesis of probability theory; In the aspect of algebraic curve of algebraic geometry, the mystery of Italian school is clarified; Research on the rational point of Diophantine problem in number theory: the equilibrium solution of rotating fluid in fluid mechanics: because of studying the motion of electrons, he got many same results as Einstein's special theory of relativity. In addition, he has made many achievements in physics and other scientific fields. This extraordinary achievement made him the only member of the French Academy of Sciences who crossed all groups-geometry, mechanics, physics, earth science and navigation.
Poincare, who has spare capacity, is extremely fluent in articles for popular science. His three books on philosophy of science are Science and Hypothesis (190 1), The Value of Science (1905) and Science and Method (1908), all of which are very good.
Emmy noether emmy noether (1882 ~ 1935), a German mathematician, was born in Herun, Germany and died in Pennsylvania, USA. He has made great contributions to mathematical physics and abstract algebra.
Max Noether, the father of E.Noether, is a famous professor of mathematics at Herun Root University. But before 18 years old, she didn't show special interest in mathematics, but she was proficient in German, English and French, and even got a license as an English and French teacher.
However, E. Noether has never taught languages. From 1900, she began to embark on a very difficult road for women at that time. In the first three years, she studied mathematics informally in Herun University, from 1903 to 1904. Because she passed the entrance examination, she went to the University of G? ttingen and studied under Hilbert, Klein and Minkowski. She returned to Herun University on 1904, and received her doctorate on 1907. However, because the so-called college of adaptive education is only open to men, Noether stayed at Herun University to help his elderly father teach mathematics and conduct his own mathematical research. After the research results were published one after another, she was invited to join the German Mathematical Society (DMV) and give lectures everywhere. Nevertheless, Norther's colleague Edmund Landau in G? ttingen decided to give her a lecturer position and said ... what would our soldiers think if they found themselves reading at the feet of a woman? "I have to say, Landau is not likable. The most intolerable thing is that when someone asked her if Northell was a great female mathematician, he said, "I can testify that she is a great mathematician, but I can't swear that she is a woman." However, great men like Einstein and Hilbert admired Nott. Einstein once said that Norther was "the most outstanding and creative mathematics dish since women began to receive higher education", while Hilbert supported Norther's bid for the position of lecturer and refuted Landau's statement: "I don't think the gender of the candidate is the reason against her becoming a lecturer. After all, the Security Council is not a bathhouse. "
19 15 At the invitation of Hilbert and Klein, E. Norther went to G? ttingen to give lectures. With their strong support, she got a teaching post four years later. She stayed in G? ttingen until 1933. Because of her Jewish descent, she was expelled from the school authorities under Nazi pressure, so she went to the United States and taught at Bryn Mawr (Women's College) in Pennsylvania until her death two years later. Perhaps the most outstanding work of E. Noether is Noether theorem proved in 19 15. She discovered the relationship between the symmetry of physical system and the law of conservation. This profound and basic insight even influenced the future study of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Later, E. Noether began to turn to the field of abstract algebra, which laid a solid foundation for ring theory, especially idealism. Modern Algebra written by one of her Dutch students, Vander Walden, has far-reaching influence. The second volume is mostly the works of E. Norther. E. Noether is very popular and takes care of her students. Her students have a nickname-"Norther's child". Although her teaching is extremely strict, students who benefit from it will never forget her.
D Hilbert Hilbert (1862 ~ 1943), a German mathematician, was born in Willau, near Konigsberg, East Prussia (Kaliningrad, former Soviet Union). In middle school, Hilbert was a studious student, who showed strong interest in science, especially mathematics, and was good at mastering and applying the contents of the teacher's lectures flexibly and profoundly. 1880, although his father wanted him to study law, he entered the university of konigsberg to study mathematics. 1884 received his doctorate, later obtained the qualification of lecturer, and was promoted to associate professor in this university. 1893 ren Zheng professor, 1895 transferred to university of gottingen as professor. Since then, he has been living and working in G? ttingen, so he retired in 930. During this period, he became a member of the School of Communication of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, and won the Steiner Prize, the Lobachevsky Prize and the Boyle Prize. 1930 won the science prize of Swedish Academy in Mittag-Leffler, and 1942 became an honorary academician of Berlin Academy of Sciences. Hilbert is an upright scientist. On the eve of the First World War, he refused to sign the book To the Civilized World published by the German government for deceptive propaganda. During the war, he dared to publish an article in memory of "enemy mathematician" Dabu. After Hitler came to power, he resisted and wrote against the Nazi government's policy of excluding and persecuting Jewish scientists. Due to the increasingly reactionary policies of the Nazi government, many scientists were forced to emigrate, and the once-flourishing Gottingen School declined, and Hilbert died alone in 1943. Hilbert is one of the mathematicians who had a profound influence on mathematics in the 20th century. He led the famous Gottingen School, made the University of Gottingen an important mathematical research center in the world at that time, trained a group of outstanding mathematicians and made great contributions to the development of modern mathematics. Hilbert's mathematical work can be divided into several different periods, and in each period he almost devoted himself to one kind of problems. In chronological order, his main research contents include: invariant theory, algebraic number field theory, geometric foundation, integral equation, physics and general mathematics foundation, among which research topics include: Dirichlet principle and variational method, Welling problem, eigenvalue problem, "Hilbert space" and so on. In these fields, he has made great or pioneering contributions. Hilbert believes that science has its own problems in every era, and the solution of these problems is of far-reaching significance to the development of science. He pointed out: "As long as a branch of science can raise a large number of questions, it is full of vitality, and the lack of questions indicates the decline and termination of independent development." At the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians held in Paris, Hilbert gave a famous speech entitled "Mathematical Problems". According to the achievements and development trend of mathematical research in the past, especially in the 19th century, he put forward 23 most important mathematical problems. These 23 problems, collectively called Hilbert problems, later became the difficulties that many mathematicians tried to overcome, which had a far-reaching impact on the research and development of modern mathematics and played a positive role in promoting it. Some Hilbert problems have been satisfactorily solved, while others have not yet been solved. The belief that every mathematical problem can be solved in his speech is a great encouragement to mathematicians. He said: "among us, we often hear such a voice: here is a math problem, find out its answer!" " You can find it through pure thinking, because there is no unknowability in mathematics. Thirty years later, 1930, in his speech accepting the title of honorary citizen of Konigsberg, he declared confidently again: "We must know, and we will know. "Hilbert's Fundamentals of Geometry (1899) is a masterpiece of axiomatic thought. Euclidean geometry is sorted out in the book and becomes a pure deductive system based on a set of simple axioms, and the relationship between axioms and the logical structure of the whole deductive system are discussed. 1904 began to study the basic problems of mathematics. After years of deliberation, in the early 1920s, he put forward a scheme on how to demonstrate the consistency of number theory, set theory or mathematical analysis. He suggested formalizing mathematics from several formal axioms into a symbolic language system, and establishing a corresponding logical system from the point of view of never assuming infinite reality. Then, the logical properties of this formal language system are studied, so as to establish meta-mathematics and proof theory. Hilbert's purpose is to try to give an absolute proof that the formal language system is not contradictory, so as to overcome the crisis caused by paradox and eliminate the doubt on the reliability of mathematical foundation and mathematical reasoning method once and for all. However, in 1930, the young Austrian mathematical logician Godel (K.G.? Del, 1906 ~ 1978) gets a negative result, which proves that Hilbert scheme is impossible to realize. However, as Godel said, Hilbert's scheme based on mathematics "still retains its importance and continues to arouse people's high interest". Hilbert's works include The Complete Works of Hilbert (three volumes, including his famous Report on Number Theory), Fundamentals of Geometry, and General Theoretical Foundations of Linear Integral Equations. He co-authored Methods of Mathematical Physics, Fundamentals of Theoretical Logic, Intuitive Geometry and Fundamentals of Mathematics. Von Neumann (1903- 1957), a Hungarian-born American mathematician, was born in Budapest and died in Washington, D.C. ... He was a rare generalist in mathematical science in the 20th century and made important fundamental contributions in many fields. Von Neumann is a Jew. The original surname is Neumann, and because his father bought a title, he added the "Feng" specially called by the nobles. He has a brilliant memory since he was a child and has an amazing talent for mathematics. However, his father hoped that he would go into business after many setbacks. At the same time, he studied mathematics at Budapest University and chemistry at Berlin University (later transferred to Zurich to study chemical engineering). But even in Zurich, he still made friends with the famous mathematicians Weller and Polya. Paulia once described von Neumann as "he is the only student I am afraid of. If I ask an unsolved question in class, usually he will come to me directly after class and give me a few pages of complete answers. "
1926 von Neumann received his Ph.D. in Budapest University with a set theory paper, and then went to the University of G? ttingen with a Rockefeller scholarship to do postdoctoral research with Hilbert, and gave lectures in Berlin and Hamburg. Von Neumann was recognized as a young mathematical genius in his twenties.
1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University at the invitation of Van Buren. At 193 1, he was awarded a professorship at Princeton University. 1933 became a lifetime academician of the newly established Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies. Von Neumann's family dinner is very lively and famous in Princeton, which is rare among mathematicians.
Von Neumann's mathematical achievements can be summarized as follows:
(1) The initial work mainly focused on mathematical logic (especially postulate set theory), measure theory and real analysis.
(2) In Mathematisch e Grundlage der Quantum Machinik (1932), von Neumann laid a solid mathematical foundation for quantum mechanics at that time.
(3) Von Neumann started his pioneering work in operator algebra from 1929. During 1930-40 years, von Neumann and Murray wrote a series of basic articles for the so-called von Neumann algebra.
(4) Von Neumann is the inventor of game theory. He first proved the minimax theorem of zero-sum game, and co-authored Game Theory and Economic Behavior with Morgenstein, which had a far-reaching impact on social science and life science.
(5) The proof of ergodic theorem (1938).
(6) Von Neumann's interest in applied mathematics began with fluid mechanics, and he became very interested in nonlinear partial differential equations. For him, numerical calculation is the most possible "experimental" method, which also makes von Neumann the founder of today's computer, and thus develops the theory of cellular automata.
In addition, von Neumann was also the initiator of the hydrogen bomb. Since 1940, he has actively participated in various national defense plans or laboratories in the United States, and thus won various mathematical or non-mathematical medals.
wolf prize in mathematics
Name of Award: wolf prize in mathematics
Established: 1976 65438+ 10 month.
Organizer: Wolf Foundation
Wolf prize in mathematics is an award of Wolff Prize, which, together with Fields Prize, is regarded as the highest honor in the field of mathematics. The only person from China who won this honor was the late mathematician Chen Shengshen. Since the Fields Prize is only awarded to young mathematicians under 40, there is no possibility for older mathematicians to win the prize. Just in June of 1976 and June of 65438+ 10, R. Wolf and his family donated10 million dollars to set up the Wolf Foundation to promote the development of science and art all over the world. Wolf Foundation has five awards in mathematics, physics, chemistry, medicine and agriculture (198 1 adds an art award). 1978 began to award prizes, usually once a year. The prize money of each prize is 65438+ million dollars, which can be divided among several people. Because wolf prize in mathematics has the nature of a lifetime achievement award, the mathematicians who won this award are all famous mathematicians in the contemporary era, and their achievements represent the level and progress of contemporary mathematics to some extent. The award standard of this award is not a single achievement, but a lifelong contribution. Award-winning mathematicians not only have profound attainments and outstanding contributions in a certain branch of mathematics, but also have profound knowledge, set foot in many branches and made achievements, forming their own famous schools. They are outstanding mathematicians of our time. R wolf 1887 was born in Germany, and his father was a hardware dealer in Hanover. Wolff studied chemistry in Germany and got a doctorate, then moved to Cuba. He spent nearly 20 years, experienced a lot of experiments and hardships, and successfully invented the method of recovering iron from smelting waste residue, thus becoming a millionaire. He is an advocate and major donor of the Wolf Foundation. Wolf died in 198 1.