Hongkong and Macau have been part of China territory since ancient times, belonging to Xin 'an County and Xiangshan County respectively, and both are small fishing villages along the Pearl River Estuary. But Macao was occupied by Portugal for more than 400 years, and Hong Kong was occupied by Britain 140 years.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, that is, in the middle of the Ming Dynasty in China, Portuguese armed merchant ships tried many times to trade with China from Malaya Peninsula occupied by Malacca. From 1549 to 1553, Portuguese ships came to the Pearl River Estuary again and docked at Shangchuan and Longbaiao Islands near Macao. At that time, Macau was famous as "Ao Jing". 1553, Portuguese ships landed on the Macau Peninsula with excellent ports and convenient transportation, exposing the goods soaked in wind and waves. Macao and Bai Lang Macao became the strongholds of private trade between Portuguese businessmen and Guangdong ports. After years of dealing with and bribing local officials in Guangzhou, Portuguese businessmen were finally allowed to open trade with Guangdong port after paying taxes on 1555, and began to trade in Guangzhou that year; Missionaries are also allowed to enter the country. In the winter of 1556 ~ 1557, the Portuguese began to settle in the Macao Peninsula, replacing Longbai 'ao as its trade base. Soon after, he was officially allowed to stay in Guangzhou, but he had to pay the local tax. There is no record of who he is or how he was allowed to stay in Macao. However, since then, the Portuguese have regarded Macao as a dependency and vigorously developed international trade.

After the Opium War, seeing that the Qing government was weak and incompetent, Portugal took the opportunity to declare Macau as a free port on 1849, closed China Customs in Macau, ordered China Customs officers to leave the country, prohibited businessmen from paying taxes to the IRS, and prohibited China businessmen from leaving Macau; The Macao government not only stopped paying Macao rent to China, but also levied land tax on China residents. By 1887, the Manchu government finally signed a treaty with Portugal in Beijing, allowing it to permanently manage Macao, making Macao a Portuguese colony.

The Portuguese initially occupied only the southern and central parts of the Macao Peninsula. After declaring Macao a free port, Australia and Portugal expanded their territory to the north. During the period of 185 1 and 1864, the two islands, Taipa Island and Green Ring Island, on the southern coast of Macao Peninsula were successively occupied. These two islands used to be fishing villages. The Portuguese built an armory and fortress there and set up an island town administrative office. 1890, Australia and Portugal occupied the Green Island in the northwest of Macao Peninsula. China's navy, originally stationed on the island, was forced to move to Qian Shan in the northern part of the peninsula. Later, due to the reclamation between Qingzhou Island and Peninsula, the two were actually integrated.

The British occupation of Hong Kong was the result of the Opium War between China and Britain. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, when European cargo ships traded with China via Macau, they had already brought in Indian opium, but at first the quantity was very small. 1767 years ago, that is, 32 years before Qing Qianlong, only 200 boxes of opium were imported from India every year (per box 120 kg). However, it kept increasing, reaching 1839, that is, in the nineteenth year of Daoguang, reaching more than 40,000 cases. This not only caused a large outflow of silver from China, but also poisoned countless people in China, so the Manchu government strictly banned smoking; 1838 Daoguang sent Governor Lin Zexu of Huguang to Guangdong to ban smoking. As soon as he arrived in Guangzhou, western businessmen handed over more than 20 thousand boxes of opium, and Humen Beach in the Pearl River Estuary was burned in public. Most of them belong to British businessmen, and a few belong to American businessmen. The Qing court also ordered western businessmen to promise not to traffic opium in China in the future, or they would be punished. Only the British consul in China boycotted it, because British businessmen transported opium on the largest scale. 1840, Britain sent a large number of warships to China in the name of "protecting trade" to block the Pearl River; The first opium war broke out. After successively capturing the southeast coastal cities of China, the British army assembled a fleet on the Nanjing River in August 1842, forcing the Qing court to sign the treaty of nanking, which included the cession of Hong Kong Island and various conditions of humiliating the country. The Qing court accepted it all.

More than ten years after the Opium War, opium is still the largest amount of British trade with China. In order to legalize the opium trade and expand its aggression, Britain sent a fleet into Guangzhou on the pretext of 1856, and launched the second opium war. Xuan sent a fleet to China to expand the war. At that time, a French missionary was killed in Guangxi, and the French government took this opportunity to send an expeditionary force to China. Join the British army to attack China; First it fell into Guangzhou, and then it fell into Dagukou Fort in Tianjin. 1858, forcing the Qing government to sign the Tianjin Treaty with it. A year later, the British and French ministers led the ship north to change the contract, attacked Dagu Fort and repelled the defenders of China. 1860, the British and French governments sent more troops to expand the war situation. After the British and French allied forces successively captured Dagu and Tianjin, they also captured Beijing. The Qing government was forced to re-sign the Beijing Treaty with Britain and France respectively. In addition to recognizing the Tianjin Treaty signed before, it also added provisions, including ceding the area of "Kowloon Division" on the other side of Hong Kong Island, that is, the territory south of Boundary Street in the southern part of Kowloon Peninsula, to Britain.

By the end of 19, after China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the powers saw that China was weak and competed with China for "leased land" in an attempt to carve up China. In the name of balance of power, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Sino-British Special Provisions on Expanding Hong Kong Border in 1898, and "leased" the islands south of Shenzhen River in Xin 'an County and north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula and its vicinity for 99 years. Only China can retain the management rights of Kowloon Castle and a pier. Later, this large area was called "New Territories", which means new territory, accounting for 92% of the total area of Hong Kong. But China didn't get any compensation from it.

Now, the unfortunate history of Hong Kong and Macao under foreign rule will come to an end. Since July 1983, Chinese and British government delegations have started diplomatic negotiations on the future of Hong Kong in Beijing. A year later, the two sides reached an agreement and initialled a joint statement in September 1984. After deliberation by the legislatures of the two countries at the end of the year, an agreement was formally signed, confirming that China will recover all Hong Kong areas and resume the exercise of sovereignty on 1997. In order to maintain the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong, the China government has decided to implement the policy of "one country, two systems" after the recovery of Hong Kong, and to keep the existing social system, economic system and lifestyle of Hong Kong unchanged for 50 years. A special administrative region directly under the Central People's Government shall be established in Hong Kong, with Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy.

The Chinese and Portuguese governments began negotiations on the future of Macao in June 1986, and formally signed a joint statement in April 1987, confirming that China will recover all areas of Macao and resume the exercise of sovereignty in June 1999, so as to determine the future of Macao by solving the Hong Kong issue.

The signing of the above two agreements has laid a solid foundation for the bright future of Hong Kong and Macao.