The introduction of irrational numbers is particularly important in mathematics, which triggered a big storm in the history of western mathematics, known as the "first mathematical crisis"

The crisis came from ancient Greece in the sixth century BC. Then, in the mathematics field dominated by Pythagoras school. The founder of this school is Pythagoras, a famous philosopher and mathematician. He believes that all things and phenomena can be attributed to integers and integer ratios. His most important achievement in mathematics is to put forward and prove Pythagorean theorem, which we call Pythagorean theorem. No matter how deep it is. Ironically, his most important discovery in mathematics put him in a dilemma.

One of his students, F pazos, raised the question: Is the ratio of diagonal to side length of a square a rational number? We now know that this number is the first irrational number born in human history. However, Pythagoras, as a teacher, did not rejoice at this great discovery. On the contrary, he was deeply disturbed. If you don't agree, the reason is that you can't accept the students' judgment. After all, it is to find out the mistakes! But if you agree, it is emotionally unacceptable. Because this discovery will completely overthrow his mathematical system. In this dilemma, he first blocked the discovery in the school and prevented it from spreading to the outside world. Later, when F pazos's own leak was discovered, he asked school members to throw F pazos into the sea. Pythagoras didn't have the courage to admit his mistake, but used violent means to suppress the truth. This behavior humiliated him all his life and became the biggest stain in his life. However, the fact is undeniable. pazos raised the issue of spreading in society.

At that time, people were completely convinced by experience that all quantities could be expressed by rational numbers. however