Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science. Since 1970s, it has been called one of the three most advanced technologies in the world (space technology, energy technology, artificial intelligence). The following is what I have carefully compiled about artificial intelligence AI. I hope it will help you!

The definition of artificial intelligence ai can be divided into two parts, namely? Artificial? And then what? Smart? . ? Artificial? Easier to understand and less controversial. Sometimes we have to consider what human beings can do, or whether human intelligence is high enough to create artificial intelligence, and so on. But overall? Artificial system? This is an artificial system in the usual sense. [ 1]

About what? Smart? There are many problems. This involves consciousness, ego, mind (including unconscious mind) and other issues. It is generally believed that the only intelligence people know is their own intelligence. However, our understanding of our own intelligence is very limited, and our understanding of the necessary elements of human intelligence is also limited, so it is difficult to define what is? Artificial? Made it? Smart? Yes So the study of artificial intelligence often involves the study of human intelligence itself. Other intelligence about animals or other artificial systems is generally considered as a research topic related to artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence has been paid more and more attention in the computer field. It has been applied to robots, economic and political decision-making, control systems and simulation systems.

Professor Nelson, the famous artificial intelligence research center of Stanford University in the United States, defines artificial intelligence as: artificial intelligence is a subject about knowledge-how to express knowledge and how to acquire and use knowledge. ? Another professor of MIT, Winston, thinks that artificial intelligence is to study how to make computers do intelligent work that only people can do in the past. ? These statements reflect the basic ideas and contents of artificial intelligence. That is, artificial intelligence is the basic theory, method and technology to study the law of human intelligence activities, construct an artificial system with certain intelligence, and study how to make computers do the work that needed human intelligence in the past, that is, how to use computer software and hardware to simulate some intelligent behaviors of human beings.

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which has been called one of the three frontier technologies (space technology, energy technology and artificial intelligence) in the world since 1970s. It is also considered as one of the three frontier technologies (genetic engineering, nano-science, artificial intelligence) in 2 1 century. This is because it has developed rapidly in the past 30 years, has been widely used in many disciplines, and has achieved fruitful results. Artificial intelligence has gradually become an independent branch, with its own system in theory and practice.

Artificial intelligence is a subject that studies how to make computers simulate some human thinking processes and intelligent behaviors (such as learning, reasoning, thinking, planning, etc.). ). It mainly includes the principle that computers realize intelligence, which makes computers similar to human brain intelligence and enables computers to achieve higher-level applications. Artificial intelligence will involve computer science, psychology, philosophy and linguistics. It can be said that almost all disciplines of natural science and social science have gone far beyond the scope of computer science. The relationship between artificial intelligence and thinking science is the relationship between practice and theory. Artificial intelligence is at the technical application level of thinking science, and it is an application branch. From the perspective of thinking, artificial intelligence is not limited to logical thinking, only image thinking and inspiration thinking can promote the breakthrough development of artificial intelligence. Mathematics is often regarded as the basic science of many disciplines, and mathematics has also entered the field of language and thinking. The subject of artificial intelligence must also borrow mathematical tools. Mathematics not only plays a role in the scope of standard logic and fuzzy mathematics, but also enters the discipline of artificial intelligence, which will promote each other and develop faster.

A brief history of the development of artificial intelligence ai The legend of artificial intelligence can be traced back to ancient Egypt, but with the development of electronic computers since 194 1, technology has finally created machine intelligence. Artificial intelligence? The term (artificial intelligence) was first put forward at the Dartmouth Society in 1956. Since then, researchers have developed many theories and principles, and the concept of artificial intelligence has also expanded. In its short history, the development of artificial intelligence is slower than expected, but it has been advancing. Since it appeared 40 years ago, many AI programs have appeared, which have also influenced the development of other technologies.

Ai technology research of artificial intelligence is the main material basis for studying artificial intelligence, and the machine that can realize artificial intelligence technology platform is computer. The development history of artificial intelligence is related to the development history of computer science and technology. In addition to computer science, artificial intelligence also involves information theory, cybernetics, automation, bionics, biology, psychology, mathematical logic, linguistics, medicine, philosophy and many other disciplines. The main contents of artificial intelligence research include: knowledge representation, automatic reasoning and search methods, machine learning and knowledge acquisition, knowledge processing system, natural language understanding, computer vision, intelligent robots, automatic programming and so on.

research method

At present, there is no unified principle or paradigm to guide the research of artificial intelligence. Researchers debated many issues. Several long-standing questions are: should artificial intelligence be simulated psychologically or neurologically? Or human biology has nothing to do with artificial intelligence research, just as bird biology has nothing to do with aviation engineering? Can intelligent behavior be described by simple principles, such as logic or optimization? Or do you have to solve a lot of completely unrelated problems?

Can intelligence be expressed by high-level symbols, such as words and thoughts? Do you still need it Subsymbol? Deal with it? John JOHN HAUGELAND put forward the concept of GOFAI (excellent old-fashioned artificial intelligence) and suggested that artificial intelligence should be classified as synthetic intelligence. [29] This concept was later adopted by some non-GOFAI researchers.

Realization method

There are two different ways to realize artificial intelligence on the computer. One is to use traditional programming technology to make the system present intelligent effect, regardless of whether the method used is the same as that used by human body or animal body. This method is called engineering method, and it has made achievements in some fields, such as character recognition and computer chess. The other is modeling method, which not only depends on the effect, but also requires the realization method to be the same as or similar to that used by human beings or biological organisms. Genetic algorithm and artificial neural network belong to the latter type. Genetic algorithm simulates the genetic-evolutionary mechanism of human or organism, while artificial neural network simulates the activity of nerve cells in human or animal brain. In order to obtain the same intelligent effect, these two methods can usually be used. Using the former method, you need to specify the program logic in detail manually, which is more convenient if the game is relatively simple. If the game is complex, the number of characters and the activity space increase, the corresponding logic will be very complex (exponential increase), and manual programming will be very cumbersome and error-prone. Once an error occurs, it is very troublesome to modify the original program, recompile and debug it, and finally provide users with a new version or patch. When adopting the latter method, the programmer should design an intelligent system (a module) for each role to control. This intelligent system (module) knows nothing at first, just like a newborn baby, but it can learn, gradually adapt to the environment and deal with all kinds of complicated situations. This kind of system often makes mistakes at first, but it can learn a lesson, and it may be corrected next time it runs, at least it won't make mistakes forever, and it doesn't need to release a new version or patch. Using this method to realize artificial intelligence requires programmers to have biological thinking methods, which is a bit difficult to get started. But once in the door, it can be widely used. Because this method does not need to specify the activity rules of the role in programming, it is usually more labor-saving when applied to complex problems.