Let's talk about why your E5450 only has quad-core 2.0 GHz. The frequency of E5450 is 3Ghz, which means the highest frequency when the CPU is working at full speed. When the CPU is idle, the motherboard will reduce the frequency of the CPU to save power. That's why the CPU frequency you see is only 2Ghz.
Let's talk about overclocking. The word overclocking actually means two things. One is frequency doubling and the other is external frequency. Your E5450, the external frequency is 333Mhz, and the frequency multiplication is 6~9.
External frequency x frequency multiplication = CPU working frequency
333Mhz x 6 = 1998 Mhz ≈ 2Ghz (no-load, standby, power saving)
333Mhz x 9 = 2997 Mhz ≈ 3Ghz (full load operation)
The CPU will automatically switch between 6 octaves and 9 octaves according to the needs of the computer, and the minimum switching unit is 0.5 octaves.
6.0,6.5 .....8.5,9.0.
Speaking of which, you have to understand two things. First, what is the concept of your CPU working at 2Ghz? Second, how did the CPU frequency come from? Then further, according to the formula (external frequency x frequency doubling = CPU working frequency), increasing CPU working frequency (that is, overclocking) is nothing more than increasing frequency doubling and external frequency. If you can't stand this, I suggest you give up overclocking. If there is no problem, then continue.
1, frequency doubling. Frequency doubling is a very simple method. But the manufacturer (Intel) has found this problem. Intel is how much performance you pay, stating that you are not responsible for CPU burning caused by overclocking, and then limiting the highest frequency doubling (frequency locking frequency doubling). Of course, no matter how much you pay, he can either unlock it or deny people. The child was not cheated. For example, X9650 is you. Ideally, 333 MHz x 31=10323 MHz can be considered. That's right, 10Ghz! ! Of course, it was just a dream. If X9650 remembers correctly, the world record for overclocking is 5Ghz (cooled by liquid nitrogen).
2, super external frequency. This is very complicated, and it will affect the whole body! ! A term FSB must be introduced here, the full name is front-end bus. This bus is responsible for data transmission between the CPU and the Northbridge chip (now called MCH). The early external frequency was equal to FSB. Now, Intel's multi-core processors, such as your E5450, have four cores per clock cycle. It can execute four instructions, so your CPU's FSB = external frequency x number of cores = 333 MHz x 4 =1332 ≈1333 MHz. I have to say that AMD and HTT have the same FSB concept, but AMD has 3 cores and 6 cores, and so on. Then imagine that your E5450 works at 333 MHz (external frequency). X 6 frequency doubling = 2Ghz and 200Mhz (external frequency) x 10 (frequency doubling) =2Ghz system will have the same performance? The answer is no. At 200Mhz (external frequency) x 10 (frequency doubling) =2Ghz, the system performance will slow down. Attention, this is the system. Not CPU. If we only discuss that the number of instructions that the CPU can execute at the same time is the same in the above two cases, we can say that the CPU performance is the same, but the system is not. Because when the external frequency works at 200Mhz, the FSB connected to the CPU needs to match the memory and PCI devices connected to it. You can refer to the downshift system. Connected gears restrict and cooperate with each other. Changing the speed of one gear will change the other wheels. If nothing else changes, there is only one result, that is, the system crashes. The reason why the performance of the whole system will slow down after reducing the external frequency is answered here. The main factor here is memory! As mentioned earlier, FSB is the communication connection between the system and CPU. Therefore, improving FSB is actually overclocking the rest of the system. The component most affected by the improved FSB is RAM. Reducing FSB is the opposite. Speaking of overclocking, you should know that the external frequency needs to be adjusted together with the working state of the memory. Otherwise, it is meaningless to just display the unified rate of CPU to improve the figures, or to just cause system crash and abuse. Then let's talk about memory. The working state of the memory is set by the manufacturer. For example:
DDR2
PC3200-DDR400
PC6400-DDR800
DDR3
PC 10664-DDR 1333
PC 12800-DDR 1600
To understand this, we must first understand how memory works. Hehe, if you still want to overclock before the crash, please continue reading.
The important thing to know about memory is that it runs much slower than CPU. Today, most memory runs at a speed between 333MHz and 800MHz. This is because memory vendors follow the practice of CPU vendors and try to make memory send twice as much information every memory clock cycle. The origin of DDR name. It stands for DoubleDataRate. So DDR 1333 means that the effective speed of RAM is 667MHz, and 1333 in DDR 1333 means the clock speed. Because it sends instructions twice every clock cycle, this means that its actual working frequency is 667MHz. This is very similar to AMD's "dual-core" FSB. And then I'll remember. Previously listed is the speed of DDR PC- 10664. PC- 10664 is equivalent to DDR 1333, which means that the effective memory speed of PC- 10664 is 1333MHz, and the potential clock speed is 667MHz. As I said before, when improving FSB, everything else in the system is effectively overclocked. This also includes memory. The memory rated as PC- 10664(DDR 1333) can run at a maximum speed of 667MHz. This is enough for E5450 without overclocking, because FSB will never exceed 1333MHz. However, when you want to raise the FSB to a speed higher than 1333MHz, the problem arises. Because the rated running speed of RAM is only the highest 1333MHz, increasing FSB above 1333MHz may lead to system crash. How to solve it? There are three solutions: first, use FSB:RAM ratio; Second, overclocking RAM. Third, buy memory with higher rated speed. Since you may only know the last of the three options, let me explain:
FSB:RAM ratio: If you want to increase FSB to a speed higher than that supported by memory, you can choose to let the memory run at a lower speed than FSB. This is achieved by the FSB:RAM ratio. Basically, the FSB:RAM ratio allows you to choose a number to establish the ratio between FSB and RAM speed. Suppose you use the memory of PC- 10664(DDR 1333), which I mentioned earlier is running at 667MHz. But you want to raise FSB to 1600MHz to overclock CPU external frequency. Obviously, the memory does not support the increased front-side bus speed, which may cause the system to crash.
There are two ways to adjust the operating parameters of memory with the motherboard on Intel platform: one is the automatic adjustment function of the motherboard: in fact, the memory selected according to the memory synchronization requirements can be used normally. However, there are exceptions. For example, sometimes according to the calculation results, you should use DDR2-800 memory for synchronization, but you don't have DDR2-800 at hand, only DDR2-667 memory and install it. What shall we do? It depends on the regulations of the motherboard. As long as "Manual" is not selected in "MemClock Mode" of BIOS and the default setting "Auto" is changed in "System Memory Multiplier", the motherboard will automatically reduce the clock frequency added to the memory to 333MHz according to the SPD data on the memory stick, so that the frequency of DDR2-667 memory will not be overloaded. At this time, the "FSB:DRAM" of CPU-Z is "1: 1.66" instead of "1:2". After this adjustment, the speed is reduced and the memory bandwidth is reduced, but it can run normally.
Also, if the memory that meets the memory synchronization requirements is DDR2-800, but you install or set DDR2- 1066 memory, the motherboard will also regard the frequency added to the memory as DDR2-800, and CPU-Z will still display "FSB:DRAM" as "1:2" instead of ". But if the memory is overclocked to 1066MHz, CPU-Z will display "1:2.66". Second, the motherboard manual control mode: If you want to manually set the memory, it is also possible. The method is: select "Manual" in the "Set Memory Clock" item of BIOS; Or select the memory you actually installed in the memory slot instead of "Automatic" in the "System Memory Multiplier" item, and the setting will be successful. Of course, it still needs the support of the motherboard, that is, whether there is such a setting project on the motherboard. There are many ways to set this option manually. Some of them are directly represented by the name of the memory module (for example, the P5E3 WS motherboard of ASUS is directly represented by DDR3- 1333); Some are represented by numbers (for example, Gigabyte GA-P3 1-S3G motherboards are represented by 3.33 or 4.0). 3.33 means DDR2-667 memory); Of course, some motherboards are represented by the ratio of FSB:DRAM. However, this solution is not ideal. Running FSB and memory in proportion will lead to the time difference between FSB and memory communication. This will lead to slower speed, which will not happen if the memory runs at the same speed as FSB. If you want to get the maximum speed of the system, using FSB:RAM ratio is not the best solution. Then there is the following method of overclocking memory. There are two ways to overclock memory. One is to adjust the main frequency and voltage of the memory with the support of the motherboard BIOS to achieve the effect of overclocking, and the other is that the motherboard and the memory themselves cannot support high frequency, which needs to be achieved by modifying the SPD information of the memory and forcing it to work at high frequency. This method is not recommended, it is only suitable for research purposes, and its practical application may be very unstable. Memory overclocking to see others, too much content, each motherboard will be different. In fact, the simplest third option is to buy memory with higher frequency.
Back to the CPU, assuming that the problem of memory and FSB target frequency has been solved here, your CPU external frequency is above 400Mhz, and then add FSB 1600Mhz memory DDR3 1600 PC 12800.
Assuming that the above is true, then according to the frequency multiplication of 6-9 given by Intel, the working frequency range of your CPU is 2.4Ghz~3.6Ghz, which means that the CPU is upgraded to 3.6Ghz, and the memory is upgraded together, so the overall performance is upgraded together. Now the horse runs faster, doesn't it? Consumption must also increase? The answer is no. It depends on the configuration of the central processing unit. When do I need to apply voltage? There is a pole when overclocking. No matter what you do and how good the heat dissipation is, you can't increase the speed of CPU any more. This may be because the CPU is not getting enough voltage. Very similar to the memory voltage mentioned above. In order to solve this problem, as long as the CPU voltage is increased, it is vcore. Once you have enough voltage to stabilize the CPU, you can keep the CPU at that speed or try to overclock it further. Be careful not to overload the CPU voltage. Each processor has a voltage setting recommended by the manufacturer. Find them on the website. Try not to exceed the recommended voltage. When applying voltage, increase the minimum cell voltage every time, save it, enter the system, and then run the system stability test. All passed, indicating that the voltage is appropriate. The stable voltage of each CPU is different, which is physique. Some CPUs are in poor health, even if you add voltage to the upper limit given by the manufacturer, they can't run stably, so maybe this CPU is in poor health.
Speaking of this, I didn't give you any direct setting and operation methods, just gave you principles and ideas. This is because there is actually no article that can tell you how much voltage and memory ratio your CPU has set. Because there are no two CPUs with exactly the same physique in the world, you may have heard the saying that CPU is carved by lightning. There is also a carving period. Maybe a batch of CPUs in a certain place are similar in physique and have good overclocking performance. This period is called the sculpture period. These CPUs are called engraving periods. As for whether it is a sculpture or a thunder, it's all luck. Don't completely trust the setting parameters given by others, such as voltage, external frequency, frequency doubling, etc. That's just his experience based on his cpu. Maybe your cpu is similar to his physique, and it can be stable according to his settings, but what if it doesn't work? I'm telling you, overclocking is not a technical job, it's a manual job! Especially the ultra-external frequency, that is, various voltages, has been restarted and tossed for countless times until it is stable or declared that this U is a big thunder!
I don't know how much you understand, but anyway, I believe that someone who didn't understand why E5450 displayed 2Ghz before will understand it without testing. I can even tell you that not every E5450 overclocked to a stable level understands this. But a person who fully understands how the above CPU memory works harmoniously can overclock any computer as long as he is willing to toss. If you have enough time, I hope you can understand. All of the above are based on Intel Core 2 Series. AMD's CPU is different. The early Intel CPU was also different. Now I3 I5 I7 is different, but the basic theory is the same.
However, no matter what overclocking, a lot of heat will be generated when the CPU voltage rises, which is why overclocking must have good heat dissipation.
Now let's talk about the performance parameters of your E5450. Go directly to the official Intel view/products/33083/Intel-Xeon-processor-e5450-12m-cache-3 _ 00-GHz-1333-MHz-FSB.
This CPU is Intel Xeon series. The CPU interface on the server is LGA77 1. I don't think you should use the server's LGA77 1 motherboard. Because the main board of the server can't fit into the common ATX chassis, it is one of the three series of LGA775 G4 1 G43 P45 used by ordinary people. To tell the truth, this CPU is foreign garbage, claiming to have the performance of I5. I can tell you responsibly. This is complete nonsense. First of all, this cpu can't be directly used on civilian motherboards. There are two ways to use it. 1, it is a technical job to cut off the pins of the CPU interface of the motherboard! Step 2 use patches
In addition, the microcode of CPU is added to the BIOS of the motherboard, so LGA77 1 is transplanted to the civil LGA77 1. Of course, this is only useful. As for performance, it is a joke, because this CPU sells for 300 yuan. G4 1 G43 P45 mostly use DDR2 667 and DDR2 800 memories. Now you know that the external frequency of this CPU is 333Mhz. The FSB is 1333Mhz, and the required memory is DDR3 1333. The memory frequency is slow by nearly half. Do you think it will have performance close to I5? Of course, you can use the motherboard of P45 or X48. Some motherboards of these models use DDR3 memory. As for the performance, it is completely equivalent to X9650 of X48 motherboard DDR3 1333. The performance of this configuration is only between I3 and I5. Note that it is the first generation I3 I5. The fifth generation is being updated now.
If you understand the overclocking theory I said, you will understand how to overclock. According to overclocking theory, your frequency doubling is locked, and you can only consider the external frequency. How do you overclock your current external frequency of 333Mhz FSB 1333Mhz? There is only one way, that is, an external frequency of 400Mhz FSB 1600Mhz. Now the problem is coming, memory! ! Only 800MHZ of DDR2 memory can be used, but after overclocking, DDR3 1600Mhz is needed to meet the needs of this CPU? Not enough, right? Ddr2 DDR3 is not compatible.
So what's the point of overclocking? That's what I said at the beginning. System performance can't be improved. body double only has CPU. Does that make sense? If you just do math, that's fine. But if it involves memory reading and writing, it is bound to be restricted by memory bottleneck at this time. In other words, even if overclocking is successful, the performance can be improved very little, and more power and cooling costs need to be paid for overclocking. Now I don't know if you can agree with my evaluation of this CPU foreign garbage.
Let's talk about this CPU overclocking problem.
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E5450 EO stepping motherboard: ASUS P5Q BIOS is fully automatic except for manually changing external frequency and CPU voltage 1. 15V. The first is no-load voltage 1. 136V, and the second is baking machine voltage1.144-1.65438. Radiator: Red Sea MINI of garbage 40 yuan exceeds 4.0G 450*9 voltage to 1.27V, 52 degrees, fully loaded at 90 degrees. If the BIOS does not turn off the overheat protection, the frequency will decrease directly, and the measured data after exceeding 4 is not as high as 3.6G. G, AIDA64 shows that the full-load power consumption of CPU reaches 90W 3.6G, and the power consumption is only about 50W. It seems that the most cost-effective use of E5450 is above 3.6G.
It says 400Mhz FSB 1600Mhz. Using DDR2 800 memory, the running score looks good, and the card is still used to play online games. In exchange, it is only the huge heat of CPU and North Bridge and more electricity bills. This is the conclusion. Do you still insist on overclocking E5450? My suggestion is that you can return to the default frequency after the call. It's incredible that you get what you pay for.