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What is the mathematical model of capacitor charging?
-★ 1. An important feature of the capacitor is that the voltage at both ends will not change suddenly ... This is the basis of the analysis circuit.

-★ 2. At the moment of power-on, it is not charging that resets the chip, but the voltage across the capacitor is zero at the moment of power-on, and the ninth pin of the chip is at a high potential, resetting the chip.

The function of -3 and 4.7K resistors is that after the reset is completed, the voltage at the negative electrode of the capacitor will slowly drop (internal circuit of the chip and 4.7K resistor * * *), that is, the charging process. Note: The charging process is the voltage change after the reset is completed.

Another important function of the -★4 and 4.7K resistors is to provide a discharge circuit for the capacitor after power failure, so that the voltage on the capacitor can be restored to its original state through discharge to prepare for the next power-on.