1. experimental method

Experimental method is a scientific research method to verify or falsify scientific hypothesis by controlling and operating specific factors and observing their influence on experimental results.

2. Observation method

A method of collecting data and information by directly observing and recording natural and social phenomena. It is necessary to have a clear purpose and plan, and the records should be comprehensive, detailed and true.

3. Investigation methods

A method of collecting and analyzing people's opinions and behavior data through questionnaires, interviews and statistics, so as to understand and explain specific phenomena.

4. Literature research methods

Literature research is a way to obtain information according to the purpose or theme style of scientific research and fully and properly understand the problems to be studied in science.

5. Empirical research methods of mathematical work

The empirical research method of mathematical work is a scientific practical research method, and the conclusion is perfected through correct operation, induction and deduction and solution.

6. Case study method

Case study is a kind of research idea, which is studied by defining special objectives, conducting investigation and analysis, establishing characteristics and the whole production process. The types of case studies include individual surveys, crowd surveys and problem surveys.

7. Simulation method

Simulation method is a method to explore some natural phenomena and social problems by establishing models and simulating experiments.

8. Quantitative analysis methods

Using quantitative analysis in scientific research can make people know the research object more accurately, better reveal the law and clarify the relationship, and predict the development trend of things.

9. Comparative method

Comparative method is a research method by comparing and contrasting different objects, phenomena or events to find their similarities and differences and regularity.

10. Qualitative analysis method

Qualitative analysis is a method to obtain research results by analyzing the "quality" of the research object. It mainly deals with all kinds of materials through induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, and abstract generalization, thus revealing the essence and internal laws of things.

1 1. Interdisciplinary research methods

Interdisciplinary research method is a method of comprehensive research on a subject as a whole by using the theories, methods and achievements of multiple disciplines.

12. Transformation method

Transformation method is a scientific research method, which transforms abstract invisible and intangible microscopic phenomena into physical phenomena that are equal to or related to them and can be easily measured, so as to draw conclusions.

13. Information research methods

Information research method is a scientific research method using the functions of information research system. According to the principles of information theory, system theory and cybernetics, it obtains knowledge through information collection, transmission, processing and sorting, and applies it to practice to achieve new goals.

14. Control variable method

Control variable method is one of the scientific methods commonly used to explore, analyze and solve problems in junior high school physics experiments.

15. Functional analysis method

Functional analysis is a method used by social science to analyze social phenomena, which can be explained by explaining social phenomena to meet the needs of social systems. It is one of the commonly used analytical methods in social investigation.