Later, it was convenient to light a match: a match head was rubbed on the side of the box, and the match was ignited with anger.
It is said that the first match in the world came from France. 1860, French chemist Boyle smeared sulfur particles on his head with a thin wooden stick, and then rubbed it on rough paper coated with phosphorus and caught fire.
/kloc-in the 0/8th century, a giant match appeared in Venice, Italy, much like a mallet beating a drum. The hammer head is covered with a mass of medicinal powder, which is made of potassium chlorate, sugar and Arabic gum. This wand-like match will burn as long as it is dipped in concentrated sulfuric acid. This is because when potassium chlorate meets concentrated sulfuric acid, it will produce chlorine dioxide, which will burn immediately when it contacts sugar.
At that time, this kind of collocation was very expensive, and several families wanted to buy one. Later, people simplified the mallet into a stick, which was much cheaper. It appeared in markets in Paris and other places, and became a unique fire-making thing, which caused a sensation in Europe at that time.
This novel thing is inconvenient to use, and you must also bring a bottle of concentrated sulfuric acid. How dangerous!
1830, Frenchman Charriere made a small and light match with white phosphorus instead of potassium chlorate, which is close to today's length. This is a popular friction competition.
Three years later, the first match factory appeared in Berger, Sweden. Soon, matches quickly became popular in European countries. This match is coated with sulfur, and then coated with a mixture of white phosphorus, gum, lead and manganese dioxide. You don't need a special matchbox to strike matches. Just rub it gently on the wall and the soles of burning bricks, and the match will burn. This is to use the geothermal energy generated by friction to make white phosphorus ignite and burn, and then under the action of oxygen-rich substances and manganese dioxide in lead Dan fire, sulfur can ignite wooden sticks.
The ignition point of white phosphorus is very low, and it will burn automatically when it exceeds 40℃. White phosphorus is toxic, and workers who make matches are often poisoned by inhaling white phosphorus vapor. Friction matches made of white phosphorus are really unsafe. People have been using them in fear for 20 years. Andersen's fairy tale "The Little Match Girl" describes: "She has a bunch of matches in her hand. This whole day, no one bought one from her ... She rubbed another match on the wall ... "This kind of match was a friction match with white phosphorus, which was sold by Roots at that time.
1845, people discovered another non-toxic phosphorus-red phosphorus. When white phosphorus is heated to 250 C-300 C without air, it becomes reddish-purple red phosphorus. Red phosphorus powder starts to burn above 260℃, but it can't catch fire only by friction. When mixed with potassium chlorate, it is easier to rub and catch fire than white phosphorus, resulting in combustion and explosion. Many people had unfortunate accidents in the experiment.
1855, Runstrom, a Swede, designed and manufactured the world's first box of safety matches. He used ingenious and simple methods to divide the kindling into two parts: the matchhead was immersed in antimony trioxide in a potassium chlorate box, and the red phosphorus was coated on paper and stuck outside the matchbox. When the matchhead rubs the side of the matchbox, it reaches the ignition point and catches fire. Mars leads antimony trioxide, and potassium chlorate releases oxygen when heated, which helps to burn more vigorously. Matchsticks are made of basswood and poplar, and the front part is impregnated with paraffin box rosin, so that after striking matches, the flame is not easy to extinguish and it is easy to burn the matchsticks.
This kind of match is non-toxic and does not easily cause fire. It was called "safety match" and soon became popular all over the world.
In the Qing Dynasty, foreigners introduced matches to China as a tribute. 1In the 1940s, after the treaty of nanking was signed between China and Britain, foreign businessmen took the opportunity to produce matches in China, hence the name "match".
In fact, as early as the Northern Zhou Dynasty (AD 557-58 1), there were matches in China. It was also recorded in Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Hangzhou cut pine into pieces and coated the top with sulfur, which was called "sending candles". Whether in shape or function, it is similar to modern matches.
1894, China established two match companies in Hubei-"Juchang" and "Changsheng", and began to produce matches.