H: Huh? A son-in-law and a father-in-law; Tan Tan: T? Ann speaks; Brown charcoal: brown ash; Ch a fork: ch a fork; Su 'an acid: Su 'an acid; B ao package: Bao O package; Chⅰ eats: chⅲ eats meat; Ch i I tooth: ch iiI mouth; Firewood: firewood; Money boat: money boat; Zh o n g species and ch um species; Tu An (circle): Tom circle; K en g pit: k om pit; W a frog: u o frog; Gan (Ge): Gan (Wei); An An: Be kind to me; Y yi yi (he, she): y his Deng, stool: Deng, stool; Tan altar: tem altar; Chubby: chubby.
If we compare Chinese ancient words with Mayan ancient words, the correspondence is more prominent and the kinship is more clear: k a is bitter; K a is bitter; Kaeson: K? A I sing; Rain: rain, water; M iu a none: m a none，no，no； Tau knife: ta knife; Ta belly: taa belly; To be blunt: tek? (to h) straight; Parker wall: Parker wall; Chick red: Chick red; Sh iu o k number: x o k(x reads Sh here); D o k reading: x o k reading; B iu a t cutting (chopping): b a t axe; Lian g is bright: lem is bright; D ian g length: tam is deep and long; Ian g center: y am in the center; G iu an tired: k an tired; g Ian g strong:k an strong； Huang Anguo: K? A yellow color; Born in Xi 'an: the time when Xi 'an was born; Former d z ian: Tan is in the front.
The ancient Chinese here is the ancient Chinese constructed by linguist Wang Li, mainly the words in the Book of Songs. Mayan language is a medieval language, and some words are ancient and primitive Mayan language.
Because the Maya and China people are separated by the vast Pacific Ocean, these same or similar characters can't be borrowed from each other, only the remains of the same language. Because of the large number of such words and strong corresponding regularity, it is impossible to be accidental similarity, but only to show inevitability.
Some basic words in Mayan and Chinese provide the time for calculating the separation of Mayan and Chinese. Linguists use the list of 100 basic words to find out the proportion of * * * words in these 100 words, so as to determine the time of separation between the two languages. Mayan and Chinese * * * synonyms account for 26 of 100 basic words, minus 4 words that may be similar by chance, so there are 22 words in both languages. According to statistical probability, if there are 22 synonyms of * * * in two languages, then the time of separation is 5000 years, that is, the time when Maya and China separated. This time is very consistent with the existing research results in linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and history: first, the primitive Mayan language began to differentiate into the current Mayan dialect 4,600 years ago; Secondly, the earliest pottery unearthed in Maya area was made 4,500 years ago, which is quite mature. Third, ancient Mayan documents set the beginning time of history and calendar at 3 1 13 BC, that is, about 5000 years ago; Fourth, the academic circles believe that the Mayans came to America from Asia at the latest. The latest time for ancient Asians to reach America was 5000 years ago. Fifth, the Mayans said that their distant ancestors came from the west or by boat from the north. The general direction from China to the United States is from west to east. If you take a boat from Fujian, Taiwan Province Province and Ryukyu along the Pacific Ocean current, along Japan, Thousand Islands and Aleutian Islands, and then go south along the coast of America, you will reach Central America, that is, take a boat from the north.
In addition, the two languages have the same characteristics in pronunciation and grammar. Here is a brief introduction:
1. Both languages are tonal language. There are four tones in Chinese, that is, the entering tone ends with P, T and K, which are still found in Fujian and Guangdong dialects. Maya also has low-key, high-key, falling tone and rising tone, just like Chinese. Tone is used to distinguish meaning. "This is a major feature of Sino-Tibetan language family." (Wang Li). Maya in the United States also has the characteristics of Sino-Tibetan language family, which strongly shows the close relationship between the two languages.
2. The suffixes of both languages and dialects have the changes of N and n g nasal consonants. For example, many nasalized words in Chinese, Beijing Putonghua is not nasalized in Wenzhou dialect of Zhejiang Province. Yucatan is the standard language in Mayan language, because ancient Mayan characters reflect Yucatan, and some nasal words in Yucatan are only aspirated in Mayan language in Guatemala, and there is no nasal sound. The change of Chinese suffix nasal consonants is a law of Chinese phonetic development. The existence of this rule in Mayan language also shows the close relationship between the two languages.
3. The development of Mayan language and Chinese reflects the elevation of vowels, that is, A becomes O, O becomes U, E becomes I ... Mr. Wang Li once emphasized that the task of China history is to study the special internal laws of China's development. For example, vowel uplifting is one of the inherent laws of Chinese development. Now we can see that the inherent law of Chinese development also exists in Mayan language, and the scientific explanation for this can only be the result of the development of two related languages following the same development law.
4. Maya and Chinese * * * have many overlapping phenomena, especially in some dialects. Chinese says "every day" and Maya says "Jin in Jin", which means the same thing. Chinese says "red" and Maya says ch ach ak, which means the same thing. In addition, Maya and Chinese have a special overlapping structure. Chinese says "Huang Chengcheng" and Maya says "k an te lte l", which means the same thing. Chinese says "Bai Cang" or "Bai Sheng", and Maya says "Xi sak t", which means the same thing. In addition to these examples, there are many corresponding overlapping usages. Not only have the same structure, the same meaning, but also have the same auditory feeling.
5. Both Mayan and Chinese use a lot of unit nouns, namely quantifiers. Chinese quantifiers can generally find corresponding words in Mayan language. For example, quantifiers commonly used in Chinese for animals, such as "mouth", "head" and "horse", while there are k o t, tu l and p o k in Mayan language, quantifiers commonly used in Chinese for plants, such as "branch", "tree" and "plant", and there are tsit, h ek and x ek(x with sh sound) in Mayan language. The quantifier of rope is "bundle" in Chinese and "Kan" in Mayan. Chinese uses "bundle" to represent bundled things, and the Mayans also have a word to represent the same amount of things, with similar sounds and meanings. Unit noun (quantifier) is also one of the important features of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is unique to Sino-Tibetan language.
Among the ancient American civilizations, Maya civilization is recognized as the highest civilization. After long-term research, Wang Dayou and other scholars have confirmed from different angles that Wen Yaminggen is in China, and Mayan civilization is a branch of Chinese civilization. I think this is true and credible, and it is an important chapter in China's ancient history and world history that should not be missed. The dates of Mayan civilization are as follows: pre-classical period is 65438 BC+0500-300 AD, pre-classical period is 300-600 AD, post-classical period is 600-900 AD, and post-classical period is 900-65438 AD+0527 AD. The starting point of the Mayan calendar cycle-365,438 BC+065,438 BC+65,438 August 2004 +03-is the same time reference for all historical records. However, the date of the actual discovery of the inscription was as early as 328 AD. This history left no written record at that time? There is no credible basis for the sacred date, and the first 3000 years were nothing. This is very similar to the situation in the first half of Chinese civilization: there is a lack of early written records, but the ancients took that history very seriously, and maybe there was evidence from the beginning. The highest god of Maya-Quetzalcoatl is not only a phoenix, but also a Shen Feng and a Venus (morning star) ... just like gold. According to Zuo Zhuan and Seventeen Years of Zhao Gong, Shao Hao is a phoenix totem. Gu Feng and Feng Tong. Venus, also known as Taibai, is "the official position of the emperor's father is equal to this" (Historical Records. Official book), because Jin used to be "Sima" (Yi. Taste Mai Jie). The relationship between Quetzalcoatl and Venus is not only clearly recorded in China history books, but also reserved in folklore. Venus is called Taibai Venus, and Taibai Venus is the minister of the Jade Emperor. In China, Shao Hao is a vassal, but in the United States, he is regarded as the highest god, which reveals the historical fact that China and Shao Hao passed on a high degree of civilization to the United States. The record of "The Country of Shao Hao" in Shan Hai Jing is very accurate. Why do Mayans use decimal system and China use decimal system? To answer this question, we should pay attention to two premises: first, the source of ancient Mayan civilization is not the Chinese civilization in the past two thousand years, but the Chinese civilization in the third thousand years BC. Chinese civilization is like a big river, with tributaries flowing in, and the source of Mayan civilization in China may have disappeared; Second, history is developing. At present, the exact situation of China's calendar and counting method can only be pushed to the late Shang Dynasty. Previously, it was impossible to confirm which counting method was used. Maybe the ancestors of the Mayans didn't use the decimal system, and then they developed it. Scholars have compared the basic words of Mayan and Chinese. Many words are the same, such as "person", "heaven" and "Hao", and their separation time should be 5000 years ago. (Beijing TV Station's "Exploring Time and Space" program 20065438+0 August 3 1) The coordination mode of sixty branches is very unique in calendars all over the world. The Mayan divination calendar uses 20 names to match 1- 13. The method is exactly the same as that of the branches, but the numbers are different, which can be said to be a unique pair of records in the world. Maya's short calendar is one year 18 months and 20 days a month, all of which are represented by hieroglyphics. The main branch of China is hieroglyphics. For example, A is the shape of an ancient shield, B is the shape of a bird, ... A child is a baby who has been born or is being born, and ugliness is the operation shape of grasping things between fingers ... (For details, see the radical of Kang Yin's Shuowen and Tang Han's Chinese Character Coding) Shang Dynasty people and their ancestors and descendants are named after branches, such as merchants, ancestral towns, Di Xin, etc. Central American Indians still have the custom of naming their birthdays after their birthdays. The December photo of the silk script of the bullet library in Changsha, the name of December, is represented by the totems (or surnames) of 12 famous ethnic groups or clans in history, such as (and) Si Xia, which looks like a monkey. Er Ya Shi Tian said that June had a name, and contacted Kuafu (monkey) as his father (sniper), knowing that June was actually named after the monkey totem Kuafu. The Mayan zodiac signs are tiger, rabbit, dragon, monkey, dog, pig and six different China zodiac signs. This shows that the zodiac signs in China were not finalized or unified when the Mayans moved out of China. It may also be that the Mayans changed the zodiac, just as the Iranians changed dragons into crocodiles and pigs into leopards. Bashu inscriptions and Mayan hieroglyphics have the same symbols and combinations. Judging from the records of ancient Shu cultural relics and the literature about the relationship between Shu people and the Central Plains and America, this relationship is by no means a coincidence. The Yellow Emperor and his descendants both married Shu people. Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu lived in Shu and went to the United States together. It is entirely possible for Shu and Central America to preserve ancient Chinese characters at the same time. Maya developed, while Bashu inscriptions were relatively simple. The above aspects compare the similarities and differences in details between Mayan civilization and Chinese civilization. It is not surprising that the calculation methods are different. Two civilizations that have been separated for a long time and developed independently will not be completely different. Judging from the development history of the zodiac, after the formation of the second generation exogamy system, "Eight" was once popular. China not only preserved the whole development history of the Chinese zodiac, but also used octal system. Gossip is the most far-reaching invention. Heavy hexagrams-sixty-four hexagrams are eight eights. (Three digits in octal, the lowest digit is one, when the eighth digit is full, one is eight, and the third digit is one and sixty-four. Please refer to Yang Xiliang's Prehistoric Basic Marriage System and the History of the Chinese Zodiac. ) Mr. Wang Dayou's textual research believes that these sixty tortoise shells calendars were already used when he was the Yellow Emperor. The sixty wheels of the trunk are exactly the same as those of the tortoise shell. The names of the sixty branches in this cycle are sexagesimal. The main branch is not only uninterrupted, but also has a starting point. Mr. Zhang Ruzhou calculated it as 5073 BC. The Mayans left China more than 5000 years ago. Maya civilization and Huaxia civilization have developed for a long time, and their achievements in astronomy and mathematics have reached a very high level, surpassing China. But the similarities between them far outweigh the differences. Just give a few examples. 1, Sun Fusangbai. Sun worship is a common phenomenon in ancient nationalities, but the combination of Fusang and Sanzu House mentioned in Shan Hai Jing only exists in Chinese civilization and some civilizations originated from Chinese civilization. The Mayans have the human form of Fusang, just like Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jin and the female (if it is three, it is also a sigh). 2. Dragon and snake worship. The Classic of Mountains and Seas reflects that the worship of dragons and snakes in China also exists among American Indians. This is very different from the concepts of Europe and the Near East. The dragon was originally a crocodile, but it has already become an illusory dragon. 3. Taiji gossip culture. All Indian calendars must have Artest patterns in the middle. Maya, Mistec and Astrid are all gossip modes. Innate gossip has already spread to the United States. It was used until the invasion of European colonists. On the other hand, only by looking back at the China gossip calendar (Hutuluo) since 4500 BC can we know its profound connotation. 4. The concept of integration of time, space, color and five elements. From the similar systems of Maya and Astek, we can see that the collocation of eight sections and eight directions, five colors and five elements and five masters has a long history and is an important content of Chinese civilization. Although the virtues of the five emperors were attached to later generations, they were based on ancient practice. Tai Hao Mude is related to Fusang (building timber), Yandi Huode is related to Shang Huo, Huangdi Tude is related to Saturn ... The theory of five virtues is already attached, and it is even more discredited that Qin and Han people fabricated and changed the theory of "virtue". There is a saying in China and America that giant turtles carry the earth. Although the theory of "Kameyama-Daxizhou" in Europe may coincide with the fact that the mainland sank into the sea, we don't know that Kameyama is an ancient concept of China people, and there are detailed legends among the descendants of Iroquois Chinese people. 6. Shang Yu, the love of jade in China and the United States has gone beyond the scope of daily life, but is closely related to the stage of social development. Since Xinglongwa Culture (about 8000 years ago), the worship and utilization of jade by Shang people reached the peak of Chinese jade culture. Throughout the Mayan cultural relics, jade is very exquisite and rich. Besides China, where else is there such a splendid jade culture? 7. The formation of Maya countries and the political pattern of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The ancient societies in the United States and China were all what Marx called the Asian ownership model. The Mayans had complicated rituals; Grasp and decide political behavior through religious ceremonies; Characters are only used for religion, politics and calendar; Kinship system and clan system are also closely combined with the country and the city ... (Six lectures on archaeology in Zhang Guangzhi) This is a type of Shang and Zhou countries. Politically opposed city-states actually belong to the same society and share a civilization, but each has its own characteristics. This is a society with constant disputes, and its history is full of mergers ... (Shanghai Bookstore Press, Maya Ancient City) This is simply a portrayal of the Eastern Zhou society in China. Of course, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the vassal state was not only a city-state, but also a vast kingdom. China's "Warring States Period" ended in the 3rd century BC, and this state of Maya continued until the decline of Mayan civilization. Politically, the development of Mayan society obviously lags behind that of China. 8. Human sacrifice. The Mayans sacrificed the hearts of the living to the sun god. For example, The Book of Rites. "Hall of Fame" says: "There is a sacrifice to the head and a sacrifice to the heart ..." There are thousands of human sacrifices recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions! In the Zhou Dynasty, the history of human sacrifice ended with the replacement of human sacrifice by figurines. However, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty records that Lin Jun of Ba people is a tiger totem, which makes tigers drink human blood. It was not until the 1960s that the Wa people's custom of "hunter's head" was gradually abolished. 9. Xu Qiutan Thai culture. Although China is not as complete as the ancient buildings in the Mayan pyramids, it is fully proved in the literature and ancient Chinese characters that there are similar buildings in ancient China. In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, there are * * * working platform, Xuanyuan platform, Diyao platform, Di Ku platform, Zhudantai platform and Dishun platform, and there are "giant butterflies in Taiwan, what is right" in Chu Ci Tian Wen. * * * There is a snake in the corner of the working platform, which is consistent with the snake image painted on the Mayan pyramid. Jane Spader lives on the ninth floor of Yaotai, which is a building like a stepped pyramid. This kind of building, whether complex or simple, has been very common in China since ancient times. Chinese characters such as Beijing, Gao, Bo and Guo embody this architectural style. 10, Chang, He, a global traveler who should not be forgotten. Central American Indians, including Maya, have the same memory of peace and harmony as Shan Hai Jing, which proves that the records in Shan Hai Jing are based on historical facts. "Don't Bow in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" says that "he lives in the sun, but Shang Yi lives in the moon", and Shang Yi means Chang. These two people, one is the mother of the day and the other is the mother of the month. The cultures of many Indian peoples in America all say that they come from a similar supreme god, namely the Quetzalcoatl of the Mayans, that is, Shao Hao. He is considered to be the ancestor of most Indians. This is the same as China people claiming to be descendants of the Yellow Emperor and knowing that there were ancestors before Emperor Yan. Indians also have Fuxi Nuwa pictures, and Mayan culture has Tai Hao culture (lost in China). His butterfly moth totem is proved by Mayan cultural relics and cultural relics unearthed in Olmec. Chang's name can also be found in the Book of Death in ancient Egypt. The equivalence between the ancient Egyptian god La and Shao Hao reveals the connection between ancient Egypt and ancient China. Shu Hai and Zhang Da recorded the distance between the east and west poles and the distance between the north and south poles in Shan Hai Jing and Huai Nan Zi, which seems absurd, but if there is no such practice, how can there be records in Shan Hai Jing and marks on the world map? How difficult it was to travel around the world in ancient times! There are countless similar examples, ranging from basic necessities to national forms. Maya civilization and China ancient civilization (from Yanhuang period to Warring States period) are far more similar than different. As for the similarity of symbols, ancient legends are similar to gods, not to mention Chinese characters, coins, Buddha statues, costumes and other obvious cultural relics in China at various stages of Mayan civilization. Mayan civilization came from China, but it was separated and developed independently 5000 years ago. Nevertheless, the similarities between Maya and China in ancient times are enough for us to realize their origins and understand their similarities and differences.