1, the essence of development
The essence of development is the progress and rise of things, the emergence of new things and the demise of old things.
2. Universal principles of development
Principle Content Everything in the world is in eternal movement, change and development, and development is universal.
Methodological principles require us to look at problems from a developmental perspective.
3. The development of things is the principle of the unified dialectical relationship between progressiveness and stumbling.
The future of things is bright, and the road of things is tortuous.
Methodological principles require us to see that the future is bright and full of confidence in the future. We should also be fully prepared mentally and constantly overcome all kinds of difficulties on the road ahead.
4. The development of things is the principle of the unified dialectical relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change.
Quantitative change refers to the increase or decrease of the number of things and the change of places, which is a gradual and insignificant change. Qualitative change refers to the change of the fundamental nature of things, which is a fundamental and significant change.
The development of things always begins with quantitative change, which is a necessary preparation for qualitative change. When the quantity accumulates to a certain extent, qualitative change will inevitably occur, and qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change.
The principle of methodology requires us to actively accumulate quantity and create conditions for the qualitative change of things. We should seize the opportunity decisively, promote qualitative change and realize the leap and development of things. When it is necessary to keep things stable in nature, we should adhere to the principle of moderation.
Senior high school compulsory four political philosophy knowledge points summary 2 1, establish the philosophical basis of innovative consciousness.
(1) The dialectical view of negation requires us to establish a sense of innovation.
Principle:
(1) Dialectical negation is the negation of the thing itself, that is, denying oneself and developing oneself;
② Dialectical negation is the link between development and contact;
The essence of dialectical negation is "sublation", that is, both affirmation and negation, both overcoming and retaining, overcoming the outdated negative content in the old things and retaining the positive and reasonable factors in the old things.
Methodology: We must establish a sense of innovation and be not only superior, but also practical. So we should respect books and authority, but we should not be superstitious about them. We should base ourselves on practice, emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times, and constantly realize the innovative development of theory and practice.
(2) The revolutionary critical spirit of dialectics requires us to establish a sense of innovation.
Principle:
The world is always in the process of constant movement, change and development. Everything has a reason for its existence, because of the time and conditions when it happened;
But for the new and higher conditions gradually developed within itself, it becomes outdated and has no reason to exist; It has to give way to a higher stage, and this higher stage is also heading for decline and extinction.
(2) Dialectics includes both positive and negative understanding of existing things, that is, the understanding that existing things are bound to perish; Dialectics understands every established form from constant movement, so it is also understood from its temporary aspect; Dialectics does not worship anything. In essence, it is critical, revolutionary and innovative. The revolutionary critical spirit of dialectics and innovative consciousness are closely linked.
Methodology: we are required to pay close attention to the reality of change and development, dare to break through the stereotypes that are inconsistent with reality, and dare to get rid of backward ideas; Pay attention to the study of new situations, be good at raising new questions, dare to discover new ideas, establish new concepts and open up new realms.
2, the role of innovation
The progress and development of any society are, in the final analysis, closely related to innovation.
① Innovation promotes the development of social productive forces.
② Innovation promotes the change of production relations and social system.
③ Innovation promotes the development of human thinking and culture.
Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, the inexhaustible motive force of a country's prosperity and the source of a political party's eternal vitality.
High school compulsory four summary of political philosophy knowledge points 3 1, the essence of consciousness (what is consciousness? )
Consciousness is the product (origin) of the long-term development of the material world; It is the function (physiological basis) of the human brain; It is the subjective image (content) of objective existence.
Note: (1) With the human brain, consciousness may not necessarily appear. (2) Whether the correct consciousness or the wrong consciousness is a reflection of the objective existence of the human brain. (3) The content of consciousness is objective and the form is subjective.
2. The principle that matter determines consciousness.
[Principle] The essence of the world is matter, and matter is the primary and secondary nature of consciousness. Matter determines consciousness, and consciousness is the reflection of matter.
Methodology requires us to proceed from reality and seek truth from facts, and oppose subjectivism that does not proceed from reality.
3. The principle and method of the dynamic function of consciousness.
【 Principle 】 Consciousness has a dynamic effect on matter. People can not only actively understand the world, but also actively transform it. Consciousness plays a guiding role in matter, and correct consciousness can guide people to carry out practical activities effectively and promote the development of objective things. Wrong consciousness will lead people's activities astray and hinder the development of objective things. ② Consciousness can regulate people's physiological activities. High spirits can inspire people to forge ahead; A listless spirit will make people pessimistic, depressed and lose morale.
[Methodology]: We are required to attach importance to the role of consciousness and the strength of spirit, consciously establish a correct ideology and overcome the wrong ideology.
4. The principle of dialectical relationship between the objectivity of law and people's subjective initiative.
[Principle] Law is objective, independent of human will, and can neither be created nor destroyed. However, people are not powerless before the law. On the basis of understanding and grasping the law, people can use the law according to the conditions and forms of its function, transform the objective world and benefit mankind.
[Methodology] When we think about problems and do things, we should not only respect and act according to objective laws, but also give full play to subjective initiative, and organically combine respect for objective laws with giving full play to subjective initiative.
5. Insist on proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts.
(1) Philosophical basis: The world is a world of matter, and matter determines consciousness. The movement of matter is regular, and the law is objective and universal.
(2) Specific requirements (how to proceed from reality):
We should respect the objective laws of material movement, proceed from objective things, conduct investigation and study, and find out the internal laws of things that are not imagined as the basis for our actions.
We should constantly emancipate our minds, keep pace with the times, explore the essence and laws of things with a pragmatic spirit, and test and develop the truth in practice.
③ Combine giving full play to subjective initiative with respecting objective laws, and combine a high degree of revolutionary enthusiasm with a rigorous and down-to-earth scientific attitude.
④ We should not only oppose voluntarism that exaggerates the dynamic role of consciousness, but also oppose the idea of one-sided emphasis on objective conditions, complacency, conformism and inaction.