Academician originated from the academy, a hero who died in ancient Greek legend to save Athens from disaster. In memory of this wise and brave hero, the Greeks built a quiet garden named after the Academy. During the 9 16 years after the establishment of the park, scholars who were moved by the wisdom and courage of the academy gave lectures in the park and carried out spontaneous academic activities. Therefore, many academic groups later called themselves "Academy". 1666, the Royal French Academy of Sciences was established, and the famous scientists working in this institute were called "Academy of Sciences" for the first time. Since then, the Royal Society of Britain, the Royal Academy of Prussia and the Royal Academy of Petersburg have successively used "academicians". The National Academy of Sciences named the country's most outstanding scientists with the title of "Member of the National Academy of Sciences". "Academician" has become the highest honorary title awarded to scientists by academic circles.
Academician Lu Yongxiang of China Academy of Sciences
Academician of China, formerly known as the Department of Education, is a senior expert in a certain field [2]? . Academician selection needs nomination, and the nomination qualifications are generally: the second prize of national scientific and technological progress and the second prize of natural science or above; Becoming an academician probably requires three rounds of selection.
The earliest academician in China was born in March 1948, that is, an academician of Academia Sinica. Through layer-by-layer selection, 8 1 person was elected as the first academician of China, including famous scholars in the fields of natural science and humanities and social sciences. This academician election fully demonstrated the selection concept of academic achievements rather than political opinions. Mr Guo Moruo, a dissident, was recommended by Hu Shi for his outstanding achievements in archaeological work such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Apart from Academia Sinica, the four universities with the largest number of candidates in this election are Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nanjing University and Zhejiang University.
1955, China academy of sciences selected 233 faculty members (renamed as academicians in 1994), and 46 famous scientists including Hua, Su, Guo Moruo, Li Siguang, Zhu Kezhen and Mao Yisheng joined the first batch of academicians (faculty members) in new China. 1955, the members of the department (hereinafter referred to as academicians) include 30 in the department of mathematical physics, 22 in the department of chemistry, 60 in the department of biology, 24 in the department of geology, 36 in the department of technology, and 6 in the department of philosophy and social sciences in the humanities and social sciences.
1957, 18 election of members of the Ministry of Natural Science.
1980, resume the co-option of faculty and cancel the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences. From 65438 to 0994, China Academy of Engineering began to select engineering academicians. By the end of 65438+ in February 2008, there were more than 600 academicians of China Academy of Sciences 1 100, and more than 700 academicians of China Academy of Engineering, some of whom were qualified as academicians of the two academies.
Academician is the highest academic title in the field of science and technology and engineering science and technology established by the state, and it is a lifelong honor.
According to the articles of association of academicians, in order to maintain the health of elderly academicians, the senior academician system is implemented among academicians, and academicians who have reached the age of 80 are awarded the title of senior academician.
Senior academicians enjoy the allowance for senior academicians, but they do not hold leadership positions such as members of the permanent leading bodies of the academician assembly and members of the standing committees of various departments, do not participate in the recommendation and election of academician candidates, and freely participate in the academician assembly.
The monthly allowance for academicians of the two academies is 1 000 yuan, the allowance for senior academicians is 1 000 yuan per person per year, and the allowance for senior academicians is exempt from personal income tax.
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