Personal data:
Petfi Sándor was born in June 65438+0823 65438+1 October1day into a butcher's family, which is a Hungarian town-Saab de Zaras on the Avodpin Plain on the Danube under the Austrian Empire. His father was a poor Slavic butcher and his mother was a Mazar serf. According to the law at that time, his family was at the bottom of society. 1849 July 3 1, petofi died in battle. Petofi's poems are widely circulated in Hungary and have been translated into dozens of foreign languages, which are familiar to foreign readers. Mr. Lu Xun once quoted a poem by petofi in the article "In Memory of Forgetting": "Life is precious, but love is more expensive; If you are free, you can throw both! "
His major works include Song of the Country and Against the King.
Author: petofi, the greatest Hungarian poet.
Translation and publication
Petofi's works:
* * * Six volumes, hardcover. Translators: Xing Wansheng (first five volumes), Ge Baoquan, Feng Chun. Published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1996 ——1997. The Collected Works of petofi (six volumes) is the only book in China that contains petofi's poetry anthology, anthology and complete works. Translated by famous old translators, the translation quality is high and the printing and binding are good.
The life of the character
Petofi lived a wandering life as a teenager, worked as an actor and a soldier. 1842, began to publish the poem "Drunken" and began his writing career. Poetry is written in the form of folk songs, developed in form and refined in language, and many excellent poems have been created. He believes that "only people's poems are real poems". Among his early works, there are more than 50 poems, such as Millet Ripe, I Walk into the Kitchen and Dusk, which were set to music by composers such as Liszt and became Hungarian folk songs. 1844, came to Budapest, the capital, as an assistant editor of Pace Fashion. With the support of the poet Fremarty, he published the first book of poetry, The Leaves on Edelka's Tomb, The Pearl of Love and the essay Travel Notes, which established his position in Hungarian literature and was highly praised by the German poet Heine. After publishing satirical poems "Hammer in the Country" and revolutionary poems "Song of Patriots" and "Against the King", he joined and led the radical youth organization "Young Hungary" in Perth, engaged in revolutionary activities, and traveled long distances to China to call on Hungarian people to oppose Austrian national oppression with revolutionary poems. At the end of 1846, he sorted out his poems, prepared to publish a complete collection of poems, and wrote a famous proverb poem "Freedom and Love" in the preface. His freedom and love: "life is precious, love is more expensive;" If you are free, you can throw both! " Becoming a symbol of the poet's revolution is also his oath to the revolution.
Since 1847, poetry creation has involved the political affairs at that time, such as Poems for the Poets of the Nineteenth Century and Taking in the name of people as an Example, which expressed the voice of the times. 1848, 15 In March, petofi led the proletariat and petty bourgeoisie to fight against Austria with students, recited the political poem Song of the Nation to the insurgents, and wrote the poems Boiling in the Sea and Hanging the King, inspiring the people to fight for national freedom and independence. It is called "the first roar of Hungarian freedom". In September, in the national liberation war led by Kosos from 1848 to 1849, Petofi joined the army of General Bem in June 5438+0849 and fought bravely with the Russian-Austrian Coalition forces as the main adjutant of General Bem. 1In July, 849, he wrote his last poem, The Moment of Terror, in the same year. Petofi's contribution is mainly in poetry creation, especially lyric poetry. In addition to writing a lot of revolutionary poems in his life, he also wrote a variety of political theories, plays, novels and essays. He wrote about 65,438+0,000 lyric poems and eight long narrative poems, the most famous of which are The Warrior of Janos (translated as Brave John) and The Apostle, which contributed to the development of Hungarian literature.
Lu Xun spoke highly of his life and works. Lu Xun spoke highly of petofi, saying that "a good argument is naturally a lyric poem". Some European literary critics praised petofi as "the king of lyric poetry in Madzar". "Life is precious, love is more expensive. If you are free, you can throw both. " Mention this poem, which has been widely read around the world for more than 100 years, people will think of its author, Hungarian poet Petofi. If we look back at history objectively, people will know that the great Hungarian poet was a heroic soldier in the 1848 European revolution, and was deeply concerned and praised by Marx and Engels. His poems also left an extremely valuable literary legacy for the oppressed nations all over the world.
Character hometown:
Petofi's hometown: Sabud de Zaras
Saab de Salas is located in central Hungary, about 80 kilometers from Budapest, the capital.
This residential area is located in the primitive settlement of the ancient Kuhn nationality. Here you can see the text from 127 1, in which Sabud Zarathustra was mentioned, but it was also called Zombat Zarathustra at that time, which was the name of Kuhn. In the19th century, she has reached the level of an agricultural city. In modern times, after 1995, it regained the title of municipal level.
There are many celebrities in this city. They are proud of us and are well known and praised by people all over the world. The first one to mention is petofi, whose parents have lived in Sabo de Salas for decades, including when the poet was born. We have always maintained our personal worship of petofi, and we can increase the information related to him as much as possible, so that people can know him better in the widest range of the world. A poem "Life is precious, but love is more expensive. If you have time, you can throw both", which has become a world-famous classic for half a century and is still talked about by people today, was written by petofi. At that time, the heroine of a great love in Petofi could be seen in the cemetery of Saab de Salas. Closely connected with the city of Sabourdellas are the equally famous poet Yurov Otila, folk song expert Dr. Kalman Raios, world-famous pharmacologist Rozsnyai Margash, folk singer Dolly Yurov, 1848- 1849, legendary leader of Hungarian revolution and freedom war, and cavalry lieutenant Rozsnyai Parr. Among the great living figures, we are proud of Tos Shan Duoer, an expert on local history and an honorary citizen of Saab de Salas. He has written many works, including a book introducing the relationship and origin between Petofi and Saab Draca.
In the past half century, the Hungarian National Defence Force was stationed in this area, which was then a military base. Due to the continuous reduction of personnel and the closure of units throughout the country in the past few decades, the national leaders cancelled this military base at the beginning of 2 1 century. At present, we are transforming the facilities here into industrial parks. At the same time, we are looking for development partners.
In our city life, the decision on the scale is made by the municipal committee composed of 13 members, and then implemented by the mayor's office or relevant institutions. The parliamentary group is led by the mayor, who fully represents the parliamentary group and the city during the intersessional period and in daily life. The general office is led by the secretary and divided into various departments according to the scope of work.
Theme of the work:
Eulogize for love
Growing up in the struggle environment for national freedom, eulogizing love
1823 65438+ 10 1, Petfi Sándor was born in the Hungarian town of Saab de Charas on the Afodping Plain on the Danube under the Austrian Empire. His father was a poor Slavic butcher and his mother was a serf in Madzar. According to the law at that time, his family was at the bottom of society.
Some ancestors came from Hungarian, a Xiongnu tribe that moved westward in China during the Han Dynasty. They had the characteristics of fierce collision between eastern and western cultures and occupied a special position in European history. Due to long-term discrimination and oppression by neighboring ethnic groups, Hungarians are good at using poetry as a horn to inspire their national struggle for nearly a thousand years, and a large number of outstanding patriotic poets have emerged in modern times. /kloc-after the 0/7th century, Hungary has been ruled by the Austrian Empire, losing its independent status, and the uprising struggle for freedom broke out one after another.
Living in this environment, petofi was willing to listen to the legend of the uprising led by the national hero Hoss when he was a teenager. In the pub, he chatted with his companions about the story of the Hungarian people's struggle for independence, which left a deep imprint on his young mind. This "free forum" atmosphere has also greatly promoted the development and progress of petofi language. I can talk freely in Hungarian and Slovak at an early age, and I have a certain foundation in Latin.
1835, 12-year-old poor boy petofi had the opportunity to study in Aused. In three years, he showed his intelligence, completed his studies, and organized a progressive student group to read and study the history of the French Revolution and the works of Hungarian classical writers. 1838, petofi wrote his first satirical poem "Farewell". This poem inherits and develops the tradition of Hungarian classical poetry, and initially embodies the characteristics of the popularization of poetic language that he followed all his life. He is a soldier, a wandering actor and an assistant editor of Pace Fashion. Rich social experience deepened his creative source.
1846 In September, 23-year-old Petofi met Sendley Yuria, the daughter of Count Naudts, at the dance. The purity and frankness of this slim and beautiful girl with pale blue eyes made the young poet fall in love at first sight, but the earl who owns a lot of land estates refused to marry his daughter to a poor poet like petofi. In the face of resistance, petofi's affection for Julia maesa is still irresistible. In half a year's time, he sent out a series of love poems, such as to Julia maesa, I am a loving person, you love spring, the bleak autumn wind whispered in the forest, and gave me twenty kisses at once. The treasures in these lyric poems encouraged You Liya to break the shackles of his father and family and enter the wedding hall with Petofi a year later.
At this moment, the European land has been surging with the torrent of revolution, and the uprising of the Hungarian people is also like surging magma. Petofi's honeymoon was mixed with joy and melancholy. Unwilling to indulge in private life, he wrote the famous proverb poem "Freedom and Love": "Life is precious, love is more expensive …" This masterpiece is a touching poem, which inspired the progressive youth in the world in the next hundred years.
Strive for national independence
■ Take poetry as the horn, full of * *, and strive for national independence
1in the spring of 848, ethnic and class contradictions in Hungary under Austrian rule have reached a fever pitch. Petofi witnessed the people being invaded and enslaved and shouted, "Are we going to be slaves for generations? Will we never have freedom and equality? " The poet began to closely link the ideal with the revolution, determined to rely on the poor people to fight, and wrote a series of concise poems as a horn to inspire people to move towards the national democratic revolution.
On March 14, 2004, he and other uprising leaders agreed on the uprising in a cafe in Perth, and adopted the political program "Twelve Articles" aimed at bourgeois reform. That night, petofi wrote "Song of the Nation" of the uprising:
Get up, Hungarians, the motherland is calling!
We should do it now, it's not too late!
Do you want to be a free man or a slave?
Choose for yourself, that's the problem!
15 in the morning, the March Uprising in Perth, which shocked the world, began. More than 10000 insurgents gathered in front of the National Museum, and petofi recited his Song of the Country in public. The insurgents were thunderous and quickly occupied Budapest, making it the center of the European revolution at that time. In April of the following year, the Hungarian Parliament also adopted the Declaration of Independence and established the Republic. Engels once pointed out: "Hungary is the only country that completely abolished farmers' feudal obligations in law and practice since the March Revolution. "
Facing the introduction of Budapest Uprising into petofi, the Austrian emperor Ferdinand, who was determined to maintain the old order in Europe, immediately joined forces with Russian Tsar Nicholas I, and 340,000 Russian-Austrian allied forces violently pressed Hungary with a population of only 5 million. At the time of national crisis, petofi wrote to Bem, the most skillful general: "Please let me go to war with you. Of course, I will still try my best to serve the motherland with my pen ... "In the war-torn year of 1848, petofi wrote as many as 106 lyric poems. In June 5438+the following year 10, petofi became a major officer. He wrote poems and took up arms directly against the Russian-Austrian Coalition forces.
Artistic achievements:
Live a productive life.
Petofi died under the gun of Cossack cavalry, leaving more than 800 poems in his short life.
1in the summer of 849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Army fought to the last moment under the oppression of a strong enemy. On the morning of July 3 1, General Bem formed a cavalry unit with 300 men who could fight, and specifically told petofi to stay before the battle began. However, the poet disobeyed the general's orders and set off behind the cavalry. These heroic Hungarian fighters were quickly submerged and melted when they stuck with enemies several times their own. The thin poet was surrounded by two Russian Cossack cavalry, and a machete came at him fiercely. The poet dodged, but at the same time another sharp spear pierced his chest and the poet fell down in pain. ...
In the following decades, the Hungarian people no longer wanted to believe that their poet was dead, and legends kept appearing. Some people said that they had seen him in a farmer's house, while others said that they had seen petofi in Russia after being captured. The Hungarian parliament also conducted a special investigation, but it is disappointing that this "witness" has never been a soldier and has not been captured. ...
After the resistance of the Hungarian people, the Austrian Empire was forced to sign an agreement with Hungary in 1867, recognizing that the dual regime of the United States of America could be established on the premise that the Austrian emperor was the unified head of state, and the country name was also changed to Austria-Hungary. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed at the end of World War I, and Hungary achieved complete independence at the end of 19 18.
Petofi died at the age of 26, leaving behind a 22-year-old wife and a 1.5-year-old son. In his life, he wrote more than 800 lyric poems and 8 narrative poems about petofi, in addition to more than 800,000 words of novels, political essays, plays and travel notes, quite a few of which were completed in the war. Such a high output is very rare in the history of European literature.
Petofi occupies a unique position in the literary history of Hungary and even the whole nation. He laid the foundation stone of Hungarian national literature, inherited and developed the fighting tradition of enlightenment literature, and was praised as "a thorny rose growing on the fertile black land soaked with slave blood". For more than a century, petofi, as the banner of national liberation and literary revolution, has also been recognized by progressives all over the world. His famous poems are still widely read today.