Euler was the best mathematician in18th century and one of the greatest mathematicians in history.
From Euler line of elementary geometry, euler theorem of polyhedron, Euler transformation formula of solid analytic geometry, Euler solution of quartic equation to Euler function in number theory, Euler equation of differential equation, Euler constant of series theory, Euler equation of variational method, Euler formula of complex variable function, etc., Euler's name can be seen in almost every mathematical field. His contribution to mathematical analysis is more original, and his book Introduction to Infinitesimal Analysis is him.
Archimedes:
Great ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician and physicist, founder of statics and hydrostatics.
Archimedes' geometric works are the pinnacle of Greek mathematics.
He harmoniously combined Euclid's strict reasoning method with Plato's transcendental rich imagination, and reached the state of perfection and beauty, thus "making the calculus cultivated by Kepler, cavalieri, Fermat, Newton and Leibniz more and more perfect".
Archimedes is a great mathematician and mechanic and enjoys the reputation of "the father of mechanics".
The reason is that he discovered the lever principle through a lot of experiments, and then deduced many lever propositions through geometric derivation and gave strict proofs.
Among them is the famous Archimedes principle, and he has made brilliant achievements in mathematics, especially in geometry. His mathematical thought contains the idea of calculus. What he lacks is the concept of limit, but its essence extends to the field of infinitesimal analysis, and it is maturing in the17th century, which predicts the birth of calculus.
Newton:
Isaac newton (1643 ~ 1727) is a great physicist, astronomer and mathematician, and the founder of the classical mechanical system.
Gauss:
A famous German mathematician, physicist, astronomer and geologist.
He is known as the prince of mathematics.
Gauss's achievements cover all fields of mathematics, and he has made pioneering contributions in number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, differential geometry, hypergeometric series, complex variable function theory, elliptic function theory and so on.
He attached great importance to the application of mathematics, and emphasized the use of mathematical methods in the research of astronomy, geodesy and magnetism.