Keywords:: junior high school students' mathematical study habits cultivation
Mathematics study habit refers to the learning behavior that students gradually develop in the long-term mathematics study process. Whether students can form good study habits is very important for their success. The formation of good study habits not only directly affects the completion of mathematics teaching tasks, but also has a positive role in promoting students' future study and work. Therefore, cultivating students' good study habits is not only the requirement of primary school mathematics teaching, but also the urgent need to cultivate talents in 2 1 century. Years of teaching practice have made me deeply realize that paying attention to cultivating students' good study habits and making them learn to learn and master learning methods can not only improve the efficiency and quality of mathematics learning, but also improve their own quality and ability, which is of great significance to students' lifelong learning and future development. Therefore, it is an important task for every math teacher to cultivate students' good math study habits. The new curriculum standard of primary school mathematics clearly points out that "it is necessary to cultivate students' study habits of careful calculation, neat writing, conscious inspection and independent completion of homework". In fact, there are many aspects of good math study habits, and we should further broaden its scope. According to the psychological and age characteristics of primary school students, combined with our own practical teaching experience, I think teachers in lower grades of primary school should focus on cultivating students' study habits from the following aspects.
First, develop a good habit of previewing before class.
Preparation before class is the premise of a good class, especially for junior teachers, students should be required to prepare well before class. In order to make students fully prepared before class, we should put forward specific and clear requirements, and often check, supervise and comment. In the pre-class preparation training for junior students, I take the measures of more praise and more rewards. For example, before the bell rings, which group prepares textbooks, exercise books and necessary stationery and learning tools to sit in their seats, I will praise this group and give everyone a little star. After a period of training, students will gradually get used to nature and form a good habit of previewing before class.
Second, form the habit of listening attentively.
Attentive listening is the basis of active participation in the learning process and positive thinking, and it is also the premise of improving classroom learning efficiency. Therefore, teachers should cultivate students' habit of listening carefully in class. Listening attentively in class mainly includes four aspects: watching, listening, thinking and doing. The so-called watching: it is to watch the teacher's demonstration, blackboard writing and action; Listening: just pay attention to the teacher's lectures and students' answers; Thinking: thinking about what the teacher said, the questions raised and the opinions expressed by the students; Doing: it is hands-on operation and practice; In order to cultivate students' habit of listening attentively in class, first of all, students are required to pay attention without being distracted or fidgeting; Secondly, ask them to listen carefully to other students' answers and carefully study whether their answers are correct or not and whether they need to be supplemented; Thirdly, we should carefully observe the teacher's demonstration and blackboard writing, and carefully operate the learning tools and do exercises according to the teacher's requirements. Good listening habits should be cultivated from the following four aspects:
(A), the habit of independent thinking
Mathematics is a highly reflective subject. In mathematics teaching, students must be active, willing to think, diligent and thoughtful, and gradually develop the habit of independent thinking. To let students think independently, we must first choose the content of thinking. The content of thinking is generally in the key part of knowledge, in the form of design questions. For example, teaching two-digit plus two-digit addition oral arithmetic within 100, when students discover and ask questions in parallel, 32+29= think about it. How to calculate it? In this way, through a question, students can explore the calculation method independently under the guidance of the teacher and cultivate the habit of independent thinking.
In order to develop the habit of independent thinking, we must give enough thinking time while providing thinking content. Under normal circumstances, students with quick thinking can react quickly when teachers ask questions. At this time, in order to take care of the poor students, it is necessary to leave more time for everyone to think, until most of the students raise their hands, and then let students of different levels express their opinions according to the situation. You can also ask students who don't raise their hands to answer, let them talk about their ideas and what difficulties they have, so as to promote them to think with their brains. When asking questions, we should try our best to take care of the participation of all staff, and also pay attention to mobilizing the enthusiasm of the whole class.
(B), the habit of being good at asking questions
In the process of mathematics learning, it is an important aspect to cultivate students' creative learning habits to be good at finding problems, asking questions and questioning difficult problems. Einstein once said, "It is often more important to ask a question than to solve it." Asking questions is the first step to solve problems and the foundation of innovation. Students who are good at asking questions are good at finding problems. To cultivate students' questioning habits, teachers should set an example and teach students where to find doubts. Generally speaking, questioning can occur at the junction of old and new knowledge, the key point of learning process, the conclusion of algorithm law and so on. In math class, teachers should always design "free questions" to encourage students to ask more questions from another angle and freely answer and solve problems.
(3) the habit of being willing to practice
The research of educational psychology shows that the thinking of junior primary school students is mainly concrete, and they are in the transition stage to abstract thinking and logical thinking, and their abstract thinking needs the support of perceptual materials. Therefore, we must attach importance to cultivating students' good practice habits of being willing to start work, using their brains and speaking freely, so that students can acquire new knowledge in watching, touching, spelling, swinging, folding and speaking. For example, when learning the "preliminary understanding of the angle", is the size of the angle related to the length of both sides? This problem can be solved by operating the self-made activity angle, operating, observing and communicating, so as to draw a correct conclusion. Carrying out such learning activities can help students develop the study habit of using their hands and brains and being willing to practice.
(D), cooperative learning habits
Mutual learning is an important way for primary school students to learn since the implementation of the new curriculum, which is conducive to cultivating students' spirit of unity and cooperation, communication skills, team concept and innovation consciousness. In mathematics learning, students can actively carry out mutual learning activities through classroom cooperative experiments, joint operation, mutual discussion and group communication. In the activities, students should learn to express their own views and opinions, learn to listen to others' speeches, learn to judge others' views, and learn to accept others' opinions. Every time students learn from each other, they should actively participate, learn from each other, promote each other, and gradually form habits, so as to solve difficult problems in mathematics learning, improve learning efficiency and quality, and make continuous progress.
In order to make students pay attention to lectures and attract their attention, as a junior high school math teacher, we should strive to be energetic, enthusiastic, lively and interesting in language, flexible and diverse in methods, so as to make classroom teaching fascinating and make every student happy to listen.
Third, form a good habit of doing homework.
Completing homework is the most basic and frequent learning practice for students, and it is the main means to consolidate knowledge and form knowledge and skills. Students' homework reflects their learning attitudes and habits. Pupils should develop the habit of carefully completing homework from an early age, requiring clear homework format and standardized writing, and develop the habit of carefully examining questions, thinking independently, completing homework independently and calculating carefully. Good work habits include:
(a), writing posture specification. From the day students first enter school, they should cultivate correct writing posture, sit up straight, keep their eyes and homework about one foot, and have proper lighting.
(2), require neat handwriting, format specification. The writing from identification to counting should be strictly required, especially the accuracy of symbols and the integrity of steps. At this time, students who have been sloppy many times should make up their minds to let him do it again.
(3) serious independence. Finishing homework independently is the realistic guarantee to play its due role. We should always praise those students who overcome difficulties and carefully check their homework to prevent and correct the bad habit of copying others' homework.
(4) the habit of carefully examining questions. Examination of questions is an indispensable part of correct calculation. Through the training of examining questions, we can cultivate students' serious and rigorous habits, guide students to choose correct and reasonable calculation methods flexibly, and improve the quality and speed of doing questions. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate students' good habit of examining questions.
(5), the habit of careful inspection. In the calculation, don't copy the wrong numbers, and don't make mistakes in calculation. After the calculation, you should carefully check the "step by step" and at the same time, the whole process should be written neatly. In the whole process, every link is down-to-earth and meticulous.
(6) the habit of correcting in time. Began to ask for correcting homework, and every student should do the wrong questions again after finishing this homework. All homework for the day must be corrected on the same day.
Fourth, develop good application habits.
The ultimate goal of learning mathematics is to learn mathematics, use mathematics and apply what you have learned. Students are builders of knowledge. Only by applying mathematics to daily life can students learn best. How to cultivate students' habit of applying mathematical knowledge,
(1) Mathematics teaching should be linked with daily life as much as possible. People's intuitive feelings and perceptual knowledge of the environment are all part of daily life. As a mathematics teacher, we should try our best to find the connection between mathematics and students' reality, create realistic teaching situations in the classroom, and make students closer to abstract mathematics knowledge.
(2) Pay attention to the experience of the process. The purpose of life-oriented mathematics teaching is to help students understand the whole process of mathematics and form a correct view of mathematics. Therefore, the teaching of mathematical application should also pay attention to the experience of the process.
(3) Let students actively discover the mathematical problems in life and guide them to write math diary. In students' life, there are all kinds of mathematical problems and phenomena. When students learn the corresponding knowledge in class, what they really need and want to do is to try to solve it with their own skills and get a successful experience, while primary school students are good at expressing themselves. As teachers, we should try our best to give them opportunities to show themselves, whether in class or after class. In order to give every student a chance to think and discuss and enough time, I think it is a good way to write about math diary. Ask the students to write down their inspiration, their experiences about mathematics in life, and the math problems they are interested in and have questions about in math diary. Students can spontaneously organize group discussions to exchange ideas, or they can exchange views with teachers alone. However, no matter what method is adopted, teachers should have their own plans, carry out math diary exchange meetings in a timely manner, do a good job of asking, answering questions, encouraging and rewarding, and always pay attention to mobilizing students' enthusiasm so that every student can be interested and actively participate in learning math diary.
There are many ways to cultivate math study habits, and it is more difficult to correct a bad habit than to cultivate a good one. As junior teachers, it is very important for us to pay attention to the study habits of individual students. Because students are different and the training methods vary from person to person, it is difficult for students to change their original bad habits into good ones. Cultivate habits from an early age, the lower the grade, the better, and the sooner you correct bad habits, the better.
The cultivation of study habits is also a work that must be sustained. Any habit can't be formed overnight, it must have a gradual formation process. In the process of students' formation, there is bound to be a process of old and new repetition. At this time, teachers should not act too hastily, but should pay attention to patient individual corrections and timely reminders. In this process, teachers must be patient, persistent and strictly trained, otherwise they will get twice the result with half the effort.
In short, in the mathematics teaching of lower grades in primary schools, teachers should use various means to cultivate students' good study habits, optimize the learning process, improve learning efficiency, and lay a solid foundation for ensuring teaching quality and promoting students' thinking development; Encourage students to learn actively, let good habits accompany their children's growth, and play a role in fueling their success.