Author: Da Vinci

brief introduction

Creation background

Creative process

Mystery of the square

Artistic charm /view/8738 1.htm#2

Analysis:

A strong middle-aged naked man, his arms slightly tilted upward, his legs spread apart, his head, feet and fingers as endpoints, just cutting a circle. At the same time, another image can be clearly seen in the painting: this man is standing, his arms are horizontally extended, and his head, feet and fingers are the endpoints, just outside a square. This is the famous painting "Vitruvian Man" (Homo? Vitruvianus), written by leonardo da vinci and named after Vitruvius, an outstanding architect in ancient Rome, praised the proportion of human body and the golden section in Ten Books of Architecture. ?

Da? Finch's sketch "Vitruvian Man" recently appeared on a euro coin issued in Italy, indicating that the popularity of this work has not diminished. For this painting, Leonardo explained himself in this way: architect Vitruwe stated his method of measuring human body in his architectural paper: four fingers are a palm, four palms are a foot, six palms are a wrist ruler, and four wrist rulers are the height of a person. Four elbows is another stride, and 24 palms is the total length of the human body. The arm is the same length and height. The distance from hairline to chin is one tenth of height. From the chin to the top of the brain, it is one-eighth of the height. From the chest to the hairline, it is one seventh of the height. The nipple to the top of the brain is a quarter of the height. The maximum span of shoulder width is a quarter of height. Elbow to fingertip is one fifth of height, and the angle to armpit is one eighth of height. The total length of the hand is one tenth of the height. The distance from the chin to the tip of the nose and the hairline to the eyebrow line is the same as the ear length, which is one third of the face length. ?

Vitruwe's life and architectural activities are difficult to verify because of the limitation of historical materials. From the sporadic records in the Ten Books of Architecture, we know that Vitruwe was born in a wealthy family, received a good education in culture and engineering technology, was familiar with Greek, and could read relevant documents directly. He is knowledgeable, familiar with architecture, municipal administration, machinery and military industry, and has also studied geometry, physics, astronomy, philosophy, history, aesthetics and music. He served two generations of rulers, Caesar and Augustus, as an architect and engineer, and won awards for his architectural works. ?

"The natural center of the human body is the navel. Because if a person opens his hands and feet, makes a supine posture, and then draws a circle with a compass centered on the navel, then his fingers and toes will touch the circumference. In this way, you can not only draw circles in the human body, but also draw squares in the human body. In other words, if you measure from the soles of your feet to the top of your head and move to your open hands, you will find that the height and width are equal, just like determining a square on a plane with a ruler. " ?

The Vitruvian Man is also based on Leonardo da Vinci's most accurate male ratio. This "perfect ratio" is also the so-called "golden section" in mathematics.

Golden ratio (φ pronunciation? [fai]), which is a numerical proportional relationship, that is, dividing a line into two parts, the ratio of long segment to short segment is exactly equal to the ratio of the whole line to long segment, and its numerical ratio is 1.6 18? : 1 or 1: 0.6 18, which means that the square of the long segment is equal to the product of the full length and the short segment. As early as the sixth century BC, Pythagoras, an ancient Greek mathematician, discovered that there was a harmonious beauty in this divided state. Later, Plato, an ancient Greek aesthete, officially called it the golden section, which has always been regarded as the best proportion.

At the earliest, people found that the rectangle with the aspect ratio of 1: 0.6 18 was harmonious, so ancient architects and sculptors skillfully used the golden ratio to create magnificent architectural masterpieces and amazing artistic treasures: the Great Pyramid of Khufu, built in 3000 BC, had an original height of 1: 1.6 BC. Where is it? Athens), the aspect ratio of the front is about 1: 1.6.

This proportion has also been strictly used in artistic creation, especially in classical painting during the Renaissance. Ruda? The composition of Finch's Vitruvian Man, dawit's Sabine Woman and Miller's gleaner are all arranged in strict accordance with the golden section. For the statues of Venus de Milo, David and Apollo, the ratio of their lower limbs to height is also close to 1: 1.6 (according to the most perfect human body ratio, that is, the ratio of lower limbs to height is 0.665433).

China's ancient painting theory said that "Zhang Shan is a ruler of a tree, and an inch of horse divides people", which is about the approximate proportion of mountains, trees, horses and people in landscape painting. In fact, it is based on the golden section. Guqin's design "loses one point and three points, wins one point and three points." And the opposite phase increases or decreases. The whole string has thirteen signs. ? Put these together, two pools, three buckles, five strings, eight tones and thirteen emblems, which is the beautiful Fibonacci sequence of 1.438+08. In the works of Beethoven, Mozart, Bach and other musicians, there is also a perfect harmony of the golden section. There are many such golden sections in the Palace Museum in China.