Therefore, decision makers should not only consider the useful things in the mathematical model, but also emphasize the role of human factors in decision-making, that is, combine the "hard technology" method with the "soft science" method and use it flexibly. There are two main types of modern decision-making methods: one belongs to "hard technology" method (quantitative decision-making method) and the other belongs to "soft science" method (subjective decision-making method). The "hard technology" method is mostly used for quantitative decision-making, and quantitative and mathematical simulation analysis are adopted; The "soft science" method is mostly used in non-quantitative decision-making, mainly analyzing the decision-making behavior of decision makers. 1. The "hard technology" method is based on mathematical statistics, mathematical models and quantitative indicators, making the decision scientific and accurate. The commonly used "hard technology" methods include decision tree method, queuing analysis method, simulation method and so on. (1) decision tree method. Decision tree method uses the principle of probability theory and tree diagram as analysis tools. Its basic principle is that decision points are used to represent decision problems, alternatives are represented by scheme branches, and possible results of schemes are represented by probability branches. After calculating and comparing the profit and loss values of various schemes under various results, it provides decision-making basis for decision makers. (2) Queuing analysis. In many cases, people feel helpless about queuing to buy tickets or queuing to eat in restaurants. Ruch found that queuing theory can be applied to many situations, such as community service, airports, retail stores and hospitals. Queuing theory uses mathematical methods to keep the balance between waiting queues and services provided. As long as there is unstable demand, there will be queuing, and managers must decide how to deal with this situation. If people in line don't get quick service, they may go somewhere else. In addition, it may be uneconomical for the company to use all facilities at all times to ensure fast service. Therefore, managers must decide when to provide such services and when to maintain only limited or regular services. In this case, queuing theory is used to help solve the problem, and mathematical formulas are used to provide answers to such problems. Appropriate queue length and related costs can be obtained by applying this formula. (3) Simulation method. Simulation method is to simulate the real or existing system through modeling technology. These simulation models are very useful in evaluating alternatives and choosing the best one. The design blueprint of a building is an example of simulation. In recent years, electronic computers have been widely used in simulation technology. Role-playing, case teaching and experimental airplane model are some forms of simulation technology application. When a situation contains many variables and constraints, simulation technology will be applied to mathematical methods. 2. "Soft science" method "Soft science" method is a subjective judgment made by directly using people's knowledge, experience and ability to analyze and synthesize problems. The commonly used "soft science" methods include brainstorming, Delphi method, scheme premise analysis method, synonym method and so on. (1) brainstorming method. Brainstorming, also known as talk meeting, is a method to invite relevant experts to open their hearts and speak freely on a certain issue through meetings, and to collect decision-making plans or evaluation plans from them. Brainstorming can be divided into direct brainstorming and questioning brainstorming. Direct brainstorming is a form of letting experts focus on special topics. The meeting was held in a very harmonious and relaxed atmosphere. There are four rules for the meeting: first, encourage everyone to think independently, broaden their thinking and speak freely; Second, a large number of proposals are welcome; Third, don't criticize, refute or draw conclusions about other people's proposals; Fourth, we can combine other people's views to think, supplement or develop our own views. The characteristic of direct brainstorming method is to encourage innovation and brainstorm decision-making schemes. Questioning brainstorming method adopts the same meeting form as direct brainstorming method. The difference is that experts do not propose a scheme, but question the scheme and train of thought of the system. The application of questioning brainstorming method can make up for the lack of consideration in scheme design and help decision makers analyze and evaluate the scheme. (2) Delphi method. Delphi method, also known as expert opinion method, was invented by Rand Company, a famous American consulting organization, in the early 1950s. The name Delphi comes from the ancient Greek myth about Apollo, the sun god. It is said that Apollo has the ability to predict the future, so this prediction method is named Delphi method. Delphi method, based on systematic procedures, adopts anonymous expression of opinions, that is, experts are not allowed to discuss with each other, there is no horizontal connection, and only have relations with investigators. After repeated consultation, induction and revision, several rounds of expert opinion surveys were conducted on the questions raised in the questionnaire, and the final opinions were basically consistent with the predicted results. This method has wide representativeness and reliability. Because Delphi method is conducted anonymously and by letter, it avoids the psychological interaction when experts get together. However, the Delphi method also has its shortcomings. On the one hand, the letter consultation greatly limits the discussion of the problem; On the other hand, if the organizer can't understand the opinions of experts well, there may be sorting errors. (3) Scheme premise analysis method. Scheme premise analysis method is a method to analyze and evaluate the decision-making scheme itself by analyzing and evaluating the premise of the decision-making scheme. Because the scheme premise analysis method is not to discuss the scheme itself, but to discuss the premise of the scheme, it can avoid the negative influence of some human factors in decision-making. The key of scheme premise analysis method is to find out the premise of scheme. In addition, in the discussion, we should try our best to get to the bottom of the premise, so as to understand the reasonable and feasible basis of the scheme in more detail and thoroughly. (4) Synonyms. Synonym is to discuss other schemes related to or similar to the scheme from other angles, and to analyze and evaluate the scheme by analogy. Synonymy method is a decision-making method put forward by American scholar Gordon in 1960s, so it is also called Gordon method. Synonyms mainly include two specific methods: one is to divide the decision-making problem into several local problems, and only let participants discuss some of them; The second is to adopt analogy method, that is, to discuss similar problems without discussing the decision-making problem itself, so as to draw the same applicable conclusion. Because the use of synonyms can hide the truth of decision-making problems and avoid the negative influence of participants because of their personal interests. At the same time, it is also helpful for participants to discuss problems from new angles and sides, to think creatively and to avoid being bound by stereotypes. The decision-making procedures and steps of enterprise management are not immutable, and managers should be flexible in practical application; Decision-making methods in enterprise management are not independent. We should pay attention to the combination of "soft" and "hard", give full play to their respective strengths, and comprehensively use various appropriate methods for different types of decision-making problems to better serve enterprise decision-making. Learning point: "hard technology" method: decision tree method; Queuing analysis method; Simulation method. "Soft science" method: brainstorming method; Delphi method; Scheme premise analysis method; Synonym.