Civil servants preparing for the exam: the relationship between concept extension and concept connotation in analogical reasoning

Generally speaking, the forms of investigation can be divided into three categories: binary, ternary and quaternary. It is to examine the logical relationship between two words, three words and four words.

Then, we can learn through four relationships: concept extension relationship, concept connotation relationship, word grammar relationship and word semantic relationship. So what is the relationship between conceptual extension and conceptual connotation? We can have a deeper understanding through a definition and judgment question that appeared in the previous exam.

The connotation of the concept of example refers to the essential attribute (or unique attribute) of things reflected by the concept, which reflects the concept from the qualitative aspect. The extension of the concept refers to those things that have the essential attributes (or unique attributes) reflected by the concept, and reflect the concept from the quantitative aspect. The inverse relationship between connotation and extension refers to the relationship between concept and genus and species. The greater the extension of a concept, the less the connotation; The smaller the extension of a concept, the more the connotation. On the contrary, the more the connotation of a concept, the smaller the extension; The less the connotation of a concept, the greater the extension. According to the above definition, which of the following concepts reflects the inverse relationship between concept connotation and extension? ( )

A. Judiciary, the highest judicial organ, the Supreme People's Court

B. water cup, hot water cup, hot water cup

C. Urumqi, Xinjiang, China

D. China native, writer, Lu Xun

Answer b

Analysis of key information: the key words of the inverse relationship between connotation and extension: between the concepts of species relationship; The connotation increases and the extension decreases; The connotation decreases and the extension increases. Item A, the highest judicial organ and the Supreme People's Court refer to the same thing, which is exactly the same and does not conform to the definition. Item B, from the water cup to the hot water cup to the hot water cup, the connotation increases in turn, and the extension decreases in turn. The three are species-specific relationships and meet the definition. Item C, China, Xinjiang and Urumqi are compositional relations and do not conform to the definition. In item D, there are China people and foreigners as writers, and they are cross-related and do not meet the definition. So, choose B.

Then, through this definition, we first understand what is the conceptual extension relationship and what is the conceptual connotation relationship. Simply put, conceptual extension refers to the "quantity" of a concept, that is, the quantity that conforms to this concept. Concept connotation refers to the "quality" of a concept, that is, the essence of this concept. Such as the concept of "people". So, what does the concept extension of "person" mean? For example, people can include yellow people, blacks and whites. Then how much they measure determines the extension of this concept. But also the concept of "people". So, what does the concept of "people" mean? Refers to advanced animals that can create, invent and use tools. This is what we call essence.

Through the above questions, we can find that the more the connotation of a concept, that is, the more the essence, the less the amount that conforms to his concept, and vice versa, so it is called the inverse relationship between concept extension and concept connotation.

The above is the relationship between conceptual extension and conceptual connotation in analogical reasoning. I hope candidates can have a deeper understanding when learning the knowledge points of analogical reasoning.