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Mathematical enlightenment that kindergarten small classes need to understand
My child is 4 years old. Recently, I have been paying attention to how to enlighten children's cognitive thinking. I looked for some books, and finally I noticed Moby's love for mathematics. There are 6 small classes in kindergartens aged 3-4.

I didn't watch it at first, but it's still not easy for children to master this knowledge this year, and they need exercise.

Let's sort out some knowledge points of the first book, as follows:

count

Number, sort and mark the finger points;

Overall recognition;

Classification, various forms of classification: color, position, hearing, etc.

Why did you record it?

Why is it marked?

One-to-one correspondence

Multi-directional comparison (i.e. comparison)

Comparison, more than two things involved;

One-to-one correspondence, number-to-object correspondence and comparison

size

length

amount

weight

Enlightenment of observation (also a form of comparison)

Grasp the characteristics of observation;

Auditory observation: concentrate.

Multi-angle observation: from different angles, do more hands and experiments;

Orderly observation: observe step by step from top to bottom or from left to right.

Competition game

Understand the basic knowledge and learn the simple correspondence of tools;

Try to explore and transfer the results of exploration to life.

Matching: pattern, character, color, quantity, size and type;

Matching methods: observing, reasoning and grasping features.

Number-object correspondence

Understand the practical meaning of numbers and cultivate a sense of numbers;

Lay the foundation for the operation.

Quantity correspondence: sort points by quantity;

Take numbers by things: abstract the counted numbers into numbers;

Take things by numbers: turn abstract numbers into quantities;

Number-object correspondence: positive and negative skill correspondence.

Silent perception three-dimensional graphics

Differences and relations between three-dimensional graphics and plane graphics

Physical graphics: Fat people who can stand up by themselves are three-dimensional graphics;

Perceptual part: cut the exposed part of a knife and do more experiments;

Face on the body: plane graphics can't stand, and three-dimensional graphics can stand; Plane graphics are on three-dimensional graphics;

Imitation and assembly: free imagination

Classified enlightenment

What is classification: putting things with the same characteristics together is called classification;

Single-angle classification: according to color, personality, attribute, gender, graphic characteristics, season, etc.

Double-angle classification: split into single-angle classification, step by step.

Graphic mobilization (puzzles, teaching AIDS)

Characteristics of basic graphics: observing edges and corners

Pendulum with a single plane figure: turn around;

Combination of multiple plane graphics: orderly combination, one turn;

Imitate the pendulum: observe the outline;

Creative posture: do more and imagine boldly.

Multisensory discrimination

A variety of senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, hearing, taste and so on.

How to operate: do more work, try more, and put items with the same characteristics together.

Numbers and quantities in life

Perceptual number concept;

Quantity in life, and comparison: speed comparison, before and after comparison, how much comparison;

Comparison of numbers: by looking for friends, compare the number of one-to-one methods.

Then slowly sort out the rest of the books.

Position correspondence

Cultivate abstract thinking ability and help children realize the transition from image thinking to abstract thinking;

Exercise children's observation ability and spatial perception ability;

Methods: Think step by step.

Cognitive up, down, left, right, can be corresponding to the position.

Simple statistics

First classify, count and then record, and complete the statistics independently.

Ability to classify and summarize

Counting ability

Ability of analysis and judgment

Understand statistical tables and obtain effective information through analysis.

Try to make statistical tables, which can effectively analyze and express the information of statistical charts.

Perceive the whole and the part

Ability to observe

Hands-on ability

Spatial imagination ability

From graph to quantity, perceive the total number and part of quantity.

Observation-shadow

Ability to grasp characteristics and observe

Analytical ability, positional correspondence and memory

3 d mosaic

Spatial perception ability and spatial construction ability.

Observation training

observe

attention

memory

Reasoning enlightenment

Observation and reasoning

Learn to think step by step.

Rule out reasoning.

Quantitative comparison

Perceive the "equivalence" between physical quantities and learn to compare them in a one-to-one way.

If you understand more, you will become "less", and if you express more, you will be less.

Simple thought of conservation of permeability

One-to-one ability

Counting ability

Sense of numbers

Positive and negative thinking analysis ability

Position correspondence and memory

Germination 3

AB reasoning

Know what the law is;

Observation ability, correspondence ability, reasoning ability and creativity

Several patterns of regularity: ab, aabb, abb.

Perceptual symmetry

Master the method of judging symmetry;

Infer the symmetrical half from the half.

Cultivate a sense of space and perceive the beauty of symmetry

Observe, analyze and judge

What is pairing? After being folded in half, the two sides can completely overlap.

instantaneous memory

Master simple memory methods: positional memory and associative memory.

By observing the color, position, quantity, etc. We can cultivate the ability of instant memory.

Cultivate memory comprehensively through a variety of senses such as vision, touch and smell.

memory

Ability to observe

Corresponding ability

Expression ability

Stepwise reasoning

With the gradual change of the number of perceptions, there are fewer and fewer perceptions.

Master the changing rules of various quantities (size, height and color depth) and describe them in language.

Exercise children's expressive ability, be able to describe rules in words, and be creative in gradual change.

Ability to observe and count;

Hands-on ability;

Analytical reasoning ability;

Mathematical language expression ability.

Cryptographic knowledge

Using the conceptual knowledge of numbers, the numbers are corresponding to symbols on the basis of observation.

Correspondence between numbers and sounds, figures and positions

On the basis of correspondence, the idea of substitution is infiltrated.

Corresponding ability

Ability to observe

attention

memory

Visual discrimination training

Exercise children's ability to grasp and pay attention to characteristic observation.

In the chaotic background, find the needed items quickly and cultivate children's ability to extract effective information quickly.

Relevance observation and attention

Ability to extract effective information

Comprehensive knowledge application

Review the concepts of graphics, reasoning and numbers.

Connect scattered knowledge and help children organize it into a system.

Germination 4

Rubik's Cube

Know the faces of cubes and point cubes.

Perceive how to turn an unfolded diagram into a cube.

Imitation Mosaic, Ordered Mosaic and Ordered Point Cube

Counting ability

Spatial thinking ability

Ability to observe

Hands-on ability

Sectional view and expanded view of simple perception cube

Detail observation

Observation of training details;

Through various forms of observation, let them observe in an orderly way and quickly find the differences in the details of objects;

Detail observation ability, orderly observation ability, attention

Observation method: Grasp the characteristics in an orderly way.

Interest elasticity

Hands-on ability, induction and summary ability, exploration ability

The reason of elasticity: the spring wants to return to its original appearance.

Direction and magnitude of elastic force

Application of Elasticity in Life

Comparison and inequality

Compare the quantity with one-to-one correspondence method;

In the process of comparing quantities, we perceive ">" in an image way. "<"No. Use;

The inequality between two physical quantities is constructed by "no".

Calculation ability, comparison ability, observation ability, logical reasoning ability.

How to compare quantities: one-to-one correspondence

The meaning of inequality, the direction of opening (which side does the big mouth fish like best)

Dismantling times within 5 times

You can split numbers within 5 with the help of physical objects.

Simple decomposition of perception number, understand the process of quantity decomposition in various games.

Learn to express the relationship between the total and the part in the process of quantity splitting.

Digital perception, orderly thinking and practical ability

Enlightenment action

Understand the meaning of "+"and "=" and perceive "+"and "="

Perceive the addition of physical quantities within 5, and understand the meaning of addition from the action level.

Counting ability, hands-on ability, correspondence ability and expression ability.

The meaning of addition: more and more.

Meaning of the plus sign: together.

Germination 5

Competition game

Observation, communication and hands-on ability

Simple counting method: in order, mark.

Imitation pendulum: square, triangle, number

Pattern change: enlarge the pattern and move the matches to change the pattern.

average score

Understand the concept of average score on the same basis.

The Method of Hands-on Perception of Orderly Average Quantity of Things

Those quantities can be divided equally by observation and hands-on perception.

Observation, hands-on ability, judgment and analysis ability, orderly thinking ability

What's the average score? Everyone gets the same amount.

Method: (Children's Songs) One for him, one for you, one for me, and the same share every time.

Determine which quantities can be divided equally.

Overlapping observation

Learn the concept of overlap and understand the characteristics of overlap game and position correspondence;

Training observation through various forms of overlapping games;

Improve thinking ability by judging the order of overlapping objects.

Observation, hands-on ability, judgment and analysis ability, orderly thinking ability

Knowing what overlap is, two projects will overlap.

Try to imagine two simple pictures overlapping.

Be able to judge the context in the combination painting and try to put it out by yourself.

Enlightenment operation-subtraction

Know the meaning of "-"

Perceive the subtraction of numbers within 5 by hands and fingers.

Can say simple subtraction by observing the action.

Counting ability, hands-on ability, expressive ability and corresponding ability.

The significance of subtraction: less and less

Action reproduction subtraction: finger practice game

Interesting graphics

Understand why some objects in life should be made into specific graphics.

Spatial thinking ability, observation ability, practical ability, analysis and judgment ability.

Perceive the application of various concrete graphics in life.

Try, verify and solve problems.

Simple queuing problem

Perceive the meaning of ordinal number in the queue and say the mathematical language of "which number";

A preliminary understanding of the difference between ordinal number and cardinal number

By being familiar with the four directions of up, down, left and right, we can perceive the use and positioning of ordinal numbers.

Cultivate a sense of space and enhance a sense of orientation.

The difference between ordinal number and cardinal number of primary perception

The meaning of ordinal number: ordinal number, ordinal number

Simple positioning: look at it together with ordinal number, locative words and horizontal and vertical directions.

The application of cardinal words: transforming into ordinal numbers

Segmentation and combination of perceptual graphics

On the basis of cognitive graphics, simple graphics cutting and transformation are carried out.

In the process of circular and square segmentation, the law and method of infiltration segmentation

Inspire abstract thinking in geometry and strengthen the sense of space.

Characteristics of a circle: sides and angles.

Circular cutting: multi-angle

Graphic stitching: Equal-length edges are spliced together, and the contour features are grasped to make a turn.

Germination 6

Perceptual parallelism

Perceive the parallel relationship of lines

Flexibility of observation and thinking

Enhance hands-on ability

Judgment goes hand in hand: think of it as a track and never crash.

Parallelism: Two opposite sides of a graph are easy to be parallel.

Parallel operation: folding and cutting.

Comprehensive comparison

Length comparison: head alignment

Weight comparison: compare two quantities first, and then compare another quantity.

Size contrast: hands-on practice, cutting, spelling.

Play triangle

Perceive different triangles from different angles and establish the basic concept of triangles.

Triangles can be spliced and split into new shapes.

Improve children's spatial imagination and hands-on ability

Initially establish a sense of graphics

Judgement of triangle: Trilateral triangle

Division of triangle: do more work and try more methods.

Splicing of triangles: put equal-length sides together and then turn them over.

Poker game-reasoning

Identify all the quantities within 10 with poker and compare the quantities.

Take poker as the carrier, and initially perceive multi-angle classification.

Logical reasoning based on poker

Observation ability and communication ability

Logical reasoning ability

Point size comparison: only look at the color, one-to-one correspondence.

Poker classification: points, suit

Poker reasoning: step by step thinking

Magic mirror image

Omni-directional perception image

Familiar with the distance, left and right between things and mirror images.

Improve children's observation and spatial imagination

Mirror Relationship: Physical mirror image is symmetrical about mirror surface.

Distance: The distance between the object and the mirror is equal.

quadrilateral

Know the basic quadrangle and find the quadrangle in life.

In hands-on, feel the transformation of quadrilateral.

Divide quadrilaterals in other polygons.

Children's sense of shape can be established by touching, swinging and drawing quadrangles.

Learn quadrilateral, and then extrapolate the characteristics of other polygons.

Judgment goes hand in hand: think of it as a track and never crash.

Looking for parallelism: the opposite sides in the diagram are prone to parallelism.

Do parallel: tear, cut.

Mysterious square magnetic game

Understand the magnetic force in life and its application

Solve problems through the application of magnetic force and distract children's thinking.

Apply what you have learned and exercise your child's migration ability.

Properties of magnets: N pole and S pole, like poles repel, opposite poles attract.

Properties of magnets: forming a magnetic field around them.

Comprehensive knowledge application

Review the concepts of graphics, reasoning and numbers.

Connect scattered knowledge points to help children sort out the system.

The above is the arrangement of notes.