1.D

2.( 1) Evaporation Surface Runoff Underground Runoff Water Vapor Transport Transpiration Infiltration Precipitation

(2) Surface runoff, infiltration, evaporation and precipitation.

3.C 4 explosive D 5。 A

6.( 1)①⑤ ②⑥

(2) Japanese warm current west wind drift.

(3) Cold and warm

(4) The ocean circulation centered on the subtropical zone flows clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere; In the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, the ocean circulation with the sub-polar as the center flows counterclockwise.

7.( 1) Omit

(2) There is a cold current along the coast at low A, and there is a warm current along the coast at low B due to the influence of winter wind.

(3) The coastal area where the Thousand Island Cold Current meets the Japanese Warm Current is upwelling.

(4) Controlled by the subtropical high belt, downward flow prevails and there is a cold current flowing along the coast.

(5) North Atlantic Warm Current

8. In mountainous areas, valleys and canyons are caused by the erosion of running water. A large amount of sediment is deposited in the middle and lower reaches of the river, forming alluvial fans, alluvial plains, deltas and other landforms. For example, the formation of the North China Plain is caused by sediment accumulation brought by rivers such as the Yellow River and Haihe River.

9. Route ① Take advantage of the northeast trade wind and the canary cold current, and have a pleasant journey; The route (2) uses the northeast trade wind and the north equatorial warm current to make the voyage smooth; Route ③ Take advantage of the prevailing westerly winds and warm currents in the North Atlantic and have a pleasant journey.