Compared with version 20 13, version 16 has added some contents, such as coriolis force, centroid reference system, virtual work principle, continuity equation, Bernoulli equation, entropy and entropy increase. On the other hand, it is also slightly deleted, such as the scalar product and vector product of vectors, the synthetic center of gravity of parallel forces, and the type of object balance. Some expressions are more rigorous, such as changing recoil motion and rocket into recoil motion ※ Motion of variable mass system ※ Angular momentum theorem of particles and particle groups (without introducing inertia moment) into angular momentum theorem and rotation theorem of particles and particle groups, and deleting the restriction of not introducing inertia moment, loudness and tone of sound, and the increase of * * musical sound and tone noise (the first three items do not need quantitative calculation).
2. The order of knowledge points has been adjusted. For example, the translation and rotation of a rigid body around a fixed axis (version 20 13) is at the end of kinematics, and version 20 16 is an independent new unit, as is the version long ago.
3. In the Executive Summary executed on 20 13, all contents marked with ※ are limited to the rematch and finals. 20 16 began to be further refined, of which ☆ is only the final content, ※ is the semi-final and final content. If there is no regulation, it is generally required to examine the quantitative analysis ability.
Executive Summary of China Physics Olympic Competition
(revised in April of 20 15 and implemented in 20 16)
Note: According to the suggestion of the 9th plenary session of the Chinese Physics Olympiad Professional Committee of the Chinese Physics Society (1990), the Standing Committee of the Chinese Physics Olympiad Professional Committee of the Chinese Physics Society, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Chinese Physics Olympiad on the proposition principle, combined with the actual situation of middle school students in China, formulated the Executive Summary of the Chinese Physics Olympiad as the proposition basis for the preliminaries, rematches and finals of future physics competitions. Including theoretical basis, experiments and so on. 199 1 was discussed and approved at the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of China Physical Olympic Committee on February 20th, and the trial was started. 1991September 1 1 was adopted by the Chinese Physical Olympic Committee at its 10 plenary meeting and is now being implemented.
With the consent in principle of the19th plenary session of the Chinese Physical Olympic Committee in 2000, the Executive Summary of the Chinese Physical Olympic Competition was appropriately adjusted and supplemented. Considering the spirit of properly controlling the difficulty of the initial test questions, the newly added content in the executive summary is marked with "※" as the supplementary content of the retest and final test questions, and the original executive summary is still used for the initial test questions, without adding the revised supplementary content.
In 2005, the Standing Council of the Chinese Physical Society revised the constitution of the Chinese Physical Olympics. According to the revised articles of association, it is decided that the Standing Committee of China Physics Olympic Games Committee will organize the compilation of "China Physics Olympic Games Experimental Instruction" as the proposition scope of the semi-final experimental examination.
20 1 1 Revision of the Executive Outline of China Physical Olympic Games. The revised draft was adopted by the 30th plenary meeting of China Physical Olympic Committee and decided to be implemented from 20 13. In the revised Executive Summary, all contents marked with ※ are limited to the semi-finals and finals.
20 15 summary and revision of China Physics Olympic Games, in which ☆ is only the final content, ※ is the rematch and final content. If there is no regulation, it is generally required to examine the quantitative analysis ability.
mechanics
1. kinematics
frame of reference
Coordinate system rectangular coordinate system
Plane polar coordinate ※ Natural coordinate system ※
Vector and scalar
Displacement and distance, velocity and acceleration of particle motion
Uniform linear motion and uniform linear motion and their images
Composition and decomposition of motion projectile motion circular motion
Tangential acceleration and normal acceleration in circular motion
Radius of curvature, angular velocity and angular acceleration ※
Galileo velocity transformation of relative motion
2. Mechanics
Gravitational elastic friction
inertial frame of reference
Newton's first, second and third laws of motion Hooke's law of universal gravitation
The formula of attraction of uniform spherical shell to particles inside and outside the shell (without deduction)
Inertia force in translation acceleration reference system of non-inertial reference system ※
Inertia centrifugal force and apparent weight of reference frame with uniform rotation ※
☆ Coriolis force
3. Balance of objects
The balance of an object under the action of * * point force
Equilibrium condition of moment rigid body
principle of virtual work
4. Momentum effect
Momentum Theorem of Impulsive Momentum Particles and Particle Swarm Law of Conservation of Momentum
The theorem of centroid motion ※
Centroid reference system ※
Recoil motion
Motion of variable mass system ※
5. Mechanical energy
Work and power
Kinetic Energy and Kinetic Energy Theorem ※ Centroid Kinetic Energy Theorem
Gravitational potential energy
Formula of internal and external gravitational potential energy of particles and uniform spherical shells
(No need to export)
Elastic potential energy of spring
law of conservation of mechanical energy
collide
Recovery coefficient of elastic collision and inelastic collision
※ 6. Angular momentum
Angular momentum of impulse moment
Angular momentum theorem and rotation theorem of particles and particle groups
law of conservation of angular momentum
7. Practice intentionally
The motion of an object under the action of gravity and coulomb force.
kepler's law
Circular orbit and elliptical orbit motion of planets and artificial celestial bodies
8. Rigid body ※
Translation of rigid body; Fixed axis rotation of rigid body.
Moment of inertia of rigid body around axis
Parallel axis theorem and orthogonal axis theorem
Angular Momentum Theorem of Rigid Body Rotating on Fixed Axis Plane Parallel Motion of Rigid Body
9. Fluid mechanics
Pressure in a still fluid
buoyancy
☆ continuity equation ☆ Bernoulli equation
10. Vibration
Amplitude frequency and periodic phase of simple harmonic vibration
Vibration image
Velocity of simple harmonic vibration of reference circle
The frequency of simple harmonic vibration of (linear) restoring force is determined by dynamic equation.
Energy of simple harmonic vibration
Synthesis of simple harmonic vibration in the same direction and frequency
Damping vibration, forced vibration and * * * vibration (qualitative understanding)
1 1. fluctuation
Transverse Wave and Longitudinal Wave
Relationship between wavelength frequency and wave velocity
Image of wave
Expression of plane harmonics ※
Interference of wave ※ Diffraction of standing wave (qualitative)
sound wave
Loudness, tones and musical tones, and noise of tonal sounds.
(The first three items do not need quantitative calculation)
Doppler effect ※
thermology
1. Molecular dynamics theory
The order of magnitude of atomic and molecular size
Thermal motion and collision Brownian motion of molecules
Statistical interpretation of pressure ※
☆ Quantitative calculation of Maxwell velocity distribution;
The degree of freedom of molecular thermal motion can be divided equally. ※:
Microscopic significance of temperature
Kinetic energy of molecular thermal motion
Mean translational kinetic energy of gas molecules ※
Molecular force potential energy between molecules
Internal energy of an object
2. Nature of gas
Thermodynamic temperature scale
Gas experimental law ideal gas state equation
daltons law of partial pressures
Equation of state of mixed ideal gas
Microscopic interpretation of ideal gas state equation (qualitative)
3. The first law of thermodynamics
first law of thermodynamics
Internal energy of ideal gas
The first law of thermodynamics is applicable to constant volume, constant pressure, isothermal,
Application in adiabatic process
Polytropic process and its application. ※
Constant volume heat capacity and constant pressure heat capacity ※
Adiabatic process equation ※
Work in isothermal and adiabatic process. ※
Heat engine and its Carnot theorem of efficiency ※
4. The second law of thermodynamics
Kelvin expression and Clausius expression of the second law of thermodynamics ※
Reversible process and irreversible process ※
Irreversibility of macroscopic thermodynamic process ※
Free expansion of ideal gas ※
The statistical significance of the second law of thermodynamics ※
☆ Mathematical expression of the second law of thermodynamics
Entropy, entropy increase
5. Properties of liquid
Motion characteristics of liquid molecules
surface tension coefficient
Pressure difference between two sides of spherical liquid surface ※
Seepage and capillary phenomena (qualitative)
6. Properties of solids
Crystal and amorphous spatial lattice
Characteristics of solid molecular motion
7. Changes in the state of matter
Melting and solidification melting point heat of fusion
Evaporation and condensation saturation pressure boiling and boiling point
Critical temperature of vaporization heat
Sublimation of solids
Air humidity and dew point of hygrometer
8. Heat transfer mode
※ thermal conductivity
Convey by convection
The concept of radiation is different from blackbody radiation and Stefan's law.
Wien's displacement law ※
9. Thermal expansion
Thermal expansion and coefficient of expansion
electromagnetism
1. electrostatic field
law of charge conservation
Coulomb law
Electric field strength power line
Principle of superposition of point charge field strength
uniform electric field
Formula of internal and external field strength of uniformly charged spherical shell (no demand derivative)
Gauss Theorem and Its Application in Symmetrical Charged System ※
Potential and potential difference equipotential surface
Potential of point charge electric field
Principle of potential superposition
Potential formula inside and outside a uniformly charged spherical shell
Electrostatic shielding of conductors in electric field,
Electrostatic mirror method ※
Capacitance formula of capacitance parallel plate capacitor
Capacitance of spherical and cylindrical capacitors ※
Connection of capacitor
Electrostatic energy of charge system, energy density of electric field. ※,
Electric energy after capacitor charging
eletric dipole
☆ Electric field and potential of electric dipole.
The concept of dielectric
☆ Polarization and polarized charge of dielectric
Electric displacement vector
2. Constant current
Ohm's Law Relationship between Resistivity and Temperature
Electricity and electricity
Series and parallel connection of resistors
Ohm's law of electromotive force closed circuit
Ohm's Law of Circuit with Power Supply —— Kirchhoff's Law
Ammeter voltmeter ohmmeter
wheatstone bridge
compensating circuit
3. Conductivity of substances
Microscopic interpretation of ohm's law of current in metals
Faraday's law of electrolysis of current in liquid ※
※ Current in Gas Inductive Discharge and Self-excited Discharge (Qualitative)
Current oscilloscope in vacuum
Conductive characteristics of semiconductors P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors ※P-N junction
Unilateral conductivity of crystal diode and its microscopic explanation (qualitative)
Transistor amplification (no need to master the mechanism)
Superconducting phenomenon Basic properties of superconductors
4. Magnetic field
Current magnetic field ※ Biot-Savart law
Principle of magnetic field superposition
magnetic flux density
Uniform magnetic field
Magnetic field distribution of current in long straight wire, circular coil and solenoid (qualitative)
Ampere Loop Theorem and Its Application in Symmetric Current System ※
Current in circular coil and magnetic field on shaft and ring ※
☆ magnetic moment
Determination of charge-mass ratio of charged particles by ampere force and Lorentz force
Hall effect of mass spectrometer cyclotron
5. Electromagnetic induction
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
lenz law
Induced electric field (eddy current electric field) ※
Self-inductance and mutual inductance self-inductance coefficient
Self-induced magnetic energy of electrified coil (no demand conductance) ※
6. alternating current
Principle of alternator Maximum effective value of alternating current
☆ Vector and Complex Representation of Alternating Current
Inductance and Capacitance of Pure Resistance, Pure Inductance and Pure Capacitance Circuits
Phase difference between current and voltage ※
Rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization
☆ resonant circuit ☆ AC power supply
☆ Three-phase alternating current and its connection method
☆ induction motor principle
Ideal transformer
Long distance transmission
7. Electromagnetic oscillation and electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic oscillation circuit and oscillation frequency hertz experiment
Electromagnetic field and electromagnetic wave
☆ Electromagnetic field energy density and energy flow density
Wave velocity and frequency spectrum of electromagnetic waves
Emission of electromagnetic waves and reception, tuning and detection of modulated electromagnetic waves.
optics
1. Geometric optics
Fermat's principle ※
Propagation, reflection, refraction and total reflection of light
Relationship between dispersion refractive index of light and speed of light
Plane mirror imaging spherical mirror imaging formula and drawing method
※ Spherical refraction imaging formula※ Relationship between focal length, refractive index and spherical radius ※
Imaging formula and drawing method of thin lens
Eye magnifying glass microscope telescope
Other common optical instruments ※
2. Wave optics
optical path
Huygens principle (qualitative) ※
Interference phenomenon of optical double-slit interference
Diffraction phenomenon of light
Fraunhofer diffraction ※
Bragg formula of grating ※
Resolution (without deduction) ※
Spectrum and spectral analysis (qualitative)
Polarization of light natural light and polarized light ※
Marius' Law Brewster's Law ※
Modern physics
1. The essence of light
Photoelectric effect ※ Compton scattering
Energy and momentum of wave-particle duality photons
2. Atomic structure
The nuclear structure of Rutherford's experimental atom
bohr model
Explanation of Bohr Model for Hydrogen Spectrum
Explanation of Hydrogen-like Spectrum by Bohr Model ※
Generation (qualitative) and characteristics of atomic stimulated radiation laser
3. Core
Scale order of magnitude of nucleus
Half-life of nuclear decay in natural radioactive phenomena
Radiation detection
Discovery of Protons Discovery of Neutrons Composition of Nuclei
Nuclear reaction equation
Mass-Energy Relationship Fission and Fusion mass defect
4. Particles
"elementary particles" leptons and quarks (simple knowledge)
Four basic interactions
Physical particles have wave-particle duality.
Matter wave ※
De Broglie relation ※
An uncertain relationship. ※
5. Special Theory of Relativity ※
Einstein hypothesis
Lorentz transformation
Relativistic effect of time and length Doppler effect
☆ Speed conversion
Relativistic momentum, relativistic energy and relativistic kinetic energy
Relativistic momentum and energy relation
6. Preliminary knowledge of solar system, galaxy, universe and black hole. ※.
system of units
International System of Units and Dimensional Analysis
foundations of mathematics
1. All elementary mathematics (including analytic geometry) in middle school.
2. The synthesis and decomposition of vectors, the operation of vectors, and the initial concepts of limit, infinity and infinitesimal.
3. Elementary calculus and its application. ※:
Simple rules of unary calculus;
Differential: including the derivative of polynomial, trigonometric function, exponential function and logarithmic function, the derivative of product and quotient of functions, and the derivative of compound function.
Integral: Simple integral including polynomial, trigonometric function, exponential function and logarithmic function.
Summary of China Physics Olympic Competition-Experiment
(Implemented on 20 13)
Description:.
The revised part is shown in bold, and the new content will be marked with "※" as the supplementary content of the re-examination and final questions; It means that it was originally the content of the preliminary examination, and it is suggested that this revision be changed to the content of the second examination and the final examination. ※.
I. Experiments
The 34 experiments in the "Guide to Chinese Physics Olympiad Experiments" compiled by the Standing Committee of Chinese Physics Olympiad are the scope of the rematch experimental examination of Chinese Physics Olympiad. The names of these 34 experiments are:
Experiment 1 experimental error;
In experiment 2, the instantaneous velocity on the air rail was studied.
Experiment 3 Young's modulus;
Experiment 4 uses a simple pendulum to measure the acceleration of gravity;
In experiment 5, the changes of momentum and energy during collision were studied on the air rail.
Experiment 6 measures the speed of sound;
Experimental standing wave experiment on seven strings;
The fusion heat of experiments with eight pieces of ice;
Experimental nine-line expansion rate;
Experiment/specific heat capacity of 10/0 liquid;
Experiment 1 1: the use of digital multimeter;
Test 12 bit current and voltage distribution circuit;
Experiment 13 determines the parameters of DC power supply and studies its output characteristics;
Experiment 14: modification of magnetoelectric DC meter;
Experiment 15 A multi-range voltmeter and ammeter are composed of a digital voltmeter with a range of 200mV.
Experiment 16 measures the volt-ampere characteristics of nonlinear elements;
Experiment 17: measuring resistance with balanced bridge;
Experiment/the use of KLOC-0/8 oscilloscope;
Experiment 19 to observe the capacitance characteristics;
Experiment 20 detects the electrical components (resistors, capacitors, batteries, diodes) in the black box;
Experiment 2 1 measuring the temperature characteristics of temperature sensor;
Experiment 22 measures the temperature characteristics of thermistor;
Experiment 23 uses Hall effect to measure magnetic field;
Experiment 24 measures the photoelectric characteristics of photoresistors (volt-ampere characteristics with and without illumination; Photoelectric characteristics);
Experiment 25 studies the photoelectric characteristics of photovoltaic cells;
Experiment 26 measures the photoelectric characteristics of light-emitting diodes (eU threshold =hc/λ is used to estimate the emission wavelength);
Experiment 27 studies the axial magnetic field distribution of Helmholtz coil;
Experiment 28 measures the refractive index of glass;
Experiment 29 measures the focal length of a thin lens;
Thirty telescopes and microscopes were used for the experiment;
Experiment 3 1 interference phenomenon of light;
Experiment 32 fraunhofer diffraction of light:
Experiment 33 uses spectrometer and limit method to measure refractive index;
Experimental observation of thirty-four spectra.
According to the actual situation of the province, the competition committees of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) have determined and published at least 20 experiments from the 34 experiments in the Guide to Chinese Physical Olympics Experiment as the content scope of the rematch experiment assessment of the physical competition in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), and the test questions of the rematch experiment are selected from the published experiments. For specific methods, please refer to "Several Provisions on Experimental Examination and Proposition of Chinese Physics Olympic Competition".
The final experiment of China Physical Olympics is based on the "theoretical basis" and "experimental guidance of China Physical Olympics" in this summary.
Three. otherwise
Part of the content of the physics competition is relatively open, mainly including the following three aspects:
1. Application of physical knowledge in various aspects; Explanation of some physical phenomena in nature, science and technology, production and daily life.
2. Some important achievements in modern physics and some important information in modern times.
3. The names of some physicists who have made important contributions and their main contributions.
Designated reference book
1. China Physical Olympic Office. Chinese Physical Olympic References. Beijing: Beijing Education Press,1985 ~ 2002; Chinese Physics Olympic Album. Beijing: Beijing Education Press, 2003~2007.
2. Shen Keqi. High school physics 1. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House,1997; High school physics II. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House,1998; High school physics 3. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House,1998; High school physics 4. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House, 1999.
3. Standing Committee of China Physical Olympics. Chinese Physics Olympic Experiment Guide. Beijing: Peking University Publishing House, 2005.
reference data
Standing Committee of China Physical Olympics. 1~ Analysis of the 20th National Physics Olympiad: Mechanics Volume. Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 2005; Analysis of examination questions in the 20th session of China Physical Olympics1~: Electricity Volume. Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 2005; Analysis of the examination questions of the1~ 20th session of China Physical Olympics: Thermal, Optical and Modern Physics Volume 1. Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 2006.