Wen Tianxiang, a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, was defeated and captured, and spent three years in a dungeon, repeatedly refusing to discuss with the enemy. One day, Kublai Khan personally persuaded him to surrender, and Xu served as prime minister. He did not waver, but said firmly, "I just want to die for my country."
Before the execution, the executioner came forward and said, "Premier Wen, if you change your mind now, you can not only avoid death, but also become the prime minister." Wen Tianxiang in anger, "dead died. What nonsense are you talking about! "
Wen Tianxiang's generosity to the South left a touching song of benevolence and righteousness for the world.
Chen Tianhua sent a bloody book from afar.
When Chen Tianhua, a revolutionary, was studying in Japan, he heard that the Russian army invaded Manchuria, and the corrupt and incompetent Qing government wanted to sign a private treaty with Russia, humiliating the country. Deeply saddened, he immediately held an anti-Russian meeting among international students, organized volunteers to exclude Russia, and prepared to return to China to participate in the war.
After returning to the dormitory, he bit his finger, wrote a bloody book of saving the country with his bloody finger, and stated the tragedy of national subjugation in the bloody book. When the suffering of the conquered nation inspired his compatriots to fight ... he wrote dozens of articles in a row and finally fainted because of excessive blood loss, but his mouth was still salty: "save the country!" Save the country! "
After someone woke him up, he insisted on putting the bloody book in an envelope and sending it back to China from Wan Li. Everyone who saw it was moved.
Wu upholds national dignity.
Wu, an old revolutionary, went to Japan to study when he was young. 1On New Year's Day in 904, due to the poverty and weakness of China in the late Qing Dynasty, the Japanese Empire looked down on China and deliberately did not fly the China flag among all the flags. In order to safeguard the dignity of the country and the nation, Wu stepped forward and solemnly proposed to the school on behalf of the students studying in China that they must apologize to the Japanese students immediately and correct their mistakes, otherwise they would hold a strike and hunger strike.
Under the strong pressure of patriotic students from China, the school authorities had to admit their mistakes and apologize.
Yang Jingyu joined the anti-Japanese war.
Yang Jingyu, a national anti-Japanese hero, was the commander of "South Manchuria Anti-Japanese Allied Forces" and died in battle from 1934 to 1940. In six years of hard struggle, he took the lead in cracking down on the Japanese aggressors in Baishan Heishui and Linhai Xueyuan. In the face of the enemy's heavy encirclement and suppression, Yang Jingyu led the troops to fight tenaciously, which made the enemy restless and restless. Monsieur beaucaire was afraid and hated him, so he assembled a heavy siege. When someone advised Yang Jingyu to surrender, he said categorically, "No, I have my beliefs." Finally, the ammunition ran out, and Yang Jingyu died heroically after playing the last bullet. The enemy brutally cut open his stomach with a bayonet. There is not a grain of rice in Yang Jingyu's stomach, only bark, grass roots and cotton wool.
Scientists devote themselves to the motherland.
From 65438 to 0946, the famous mathematician Hua was hired as a tenured professor by an American university with favorable conditions. But he replied: "in order to choose the truth, for the country and the nation, I want to return to China!" " "Finally returned to Peiping (now Beijing) with his wife and children. After returning home, he not only devoted himself to theoretical research, but also traveled to 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions all over the country, and solved a large number of practical problems in production with mathematics, so he was known as the "people's mathematician".
In addition, there are famous geologist Li Siguang, biologist Tong Dizhou, nuclear physicist Qian Xuesen, high-energy physicist Zhang Wenyu and chemist Tang Aoqing ... all of them are full of patriotic enthusiasm and have made great contributions to the country's rejuvenation.
Andersen broke up with his old friend.
Andersen, a famous Danish fairy tale writer, and Augustinburg, Germany turned out to be good old friends.
1848 Prussia invaded Denmark, which caused great anger of Andersen. Four years later, he went to Germany. Many German friends rushed to the station to meet him. A friend said, "The Duke and Duchess of Augustburg are waiting for you at home. I hope you can meet them. " "I don't want to see them. Four years ago, Augustinburg participated in Prussia's invasion of Denmark. How can I meet this family? " Andersen said angrily. From then on, two old friends broke up.
"Take my heart back to my motherland"
Chopin, a famous Polish composer and pianist, 19 years old was already famous when he graduated from the Conservatory of Music. Later he decided to go abroad for further study. At the farewell party held by friends, friends gave him a silver bottle filled with the soil of the motherland. This silver bottle has been with him 19 years. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/849, Chopin was seriously ill and dying. Before he died, he told his sister who came from Warsaw: "The reactionary Polish government will not allow my body to be transported back to Warsaw, but will bring my soul back to the motherland."
Seven gentlemen anti-Japanese case
On May 3rd165438,936, Shen Junru and Zou Taofen responded to the call of China Producers' Party to unite in resisting humiliation and resisting Japan, and set up the "National Federation of Salvation from All walks of life" in Shanghai to actively publicize and organize the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, demanding that the Kuomintang government stop the civil war, release political prisoners, hold peace talks with the Red Army and establish a unified anti-Japanese regime. 1936165438+1On October 23rd, Shanghai Public Security Bureau arrested Shen Junru, Zou Taofen, Li Gongfu, Sha, Shi Liang and Zhang Naiqi on the pretext that the National Salvation Federation supported the workers of Japanese cotton mills in Shanghai to strike, "disrupting social order and endangering the Republic of China". On the day when the Seven Gentlemen were transferred to the court, the authorities tried to transfer them to the Suzhou High Court for trial. Under the opposition of defense lawyers, the trial was held in the criminal court of the second branch of Jiangsu High Court that day. The judge was forced to refuse the request of house arrest lawyers and public security bureau agents. Quot Responsible for paying the lawyer's bail and rescheduling the hearing. "On the 25th and 27th, the two branches of Senior Two and Senior Three issued arrest warrants for re-arrest and transferred Shen Junru and others to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau for custody. On February 30th, 65438, Shi Liang surrendered himself to Suzhou High Court. After many secret trials, the Suzhou Higher People's Court formally prosecuted Shen Junru and others on April 4 with Article 6 of the Emergency Criminal Law of the Republic of China, 1937, accusing Luo Zhi of obstructing the national policy of "pinghong", propagating in favor of the * * * production party, attacking the Constitution, inciting labor unrest, propagating ideas incompatible with the Three People's Principles, and organizing and participating in them. After the publication of the indictment, it aroused the indignation of the people all over the country. Some patriotic lawyers in Shanghai jointly formed a defense team to defend the "Seven Gentlemen". On June 1 1, the court opened its session. After three hours of trial, it was decided to continue the trial the next day. The defense lawyer applied for the withdrawal of the judge on the grounds that the judge ignored it, used evidence in favor of the "defendant" and colluded with the prosecutor, and the trial was interrupted. After the Seven Gentlemen were imprisoned, domestic scholars, celebrities, anti-Japanese generals, people from all walks of life and some internationally renowned scholars called for rescue. Soong Ching Ling, He Xiangning, Hu Yuzhi and others 16 also launched a "patriotic imprisonment movement", jointly demanding that they be imprisoned and detained for "patriotic crimes". Under the strong demand and pressure of the people all over the country, the Nanjing government had to order the Suzhou High Court to stop detaining Shen Junru and others on July 3 1 and "get a bail pending trial". In fact, the case ended with the victory of Shen Junru and others being released from prison, but it was not until1October 26th that1939,65438+No.1 Branch of Sichuan Higher People's Court announced the withdrawal of the "prosecution" against this case, which ended in court proceedings.
Ximen Bao was wei ren during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. At that time, Yedi was an important gateway and strategic location of Weidu, but natural and man-made disasters continued, and the people were in dire straits. Wang Wei appointed Ximen Bao as the magistrate of Ye County to manage Ye Di. When Ximen Bao arrived in the wilderness, he visited the people's sufferings incognito, used the "Hebo Marrying a Wife" incident to punish the three elders, courtiers and witches, educated the people with facts, and got rid of superstitions. At the same time, 12 canals of Zhanghe River were built to control the flood in Zhanghe River and develop agricultural production, so that the people of Yedi gradually became rich. Ximen Bao was an official all his life, honest and clean, and benefited the people. After his death, Yedi people specially built an ancestral temple for him by the Zhangshui River to worship the four seasons.
Zhao Guanghan was born in Wuli County, Zhuo Jun, Western Han Dynasty. He used to be the magistrate of Yingchuan county, such as Shou Jing and Jing Jing. Zhao Guanghan's reign as satrap in Yingchuan County was the best stage in his early days. He is not afraid of power, smart and capable. In his first few months in office, he did two major things: one was to crack down on the powerful family forces and ease social contradictions; The second is to strengthen local management and change local bad atmosphere. His reputation spread from this, and it is his nature to be good at handling government affairs in this Hanshu. When Zhao Guanghan served as Zhao Yin in Beijing, he showed a high sense of responsibility and often stayed up late to handle various official duties. And good at thinking, pay attention to efficiency. During its governance, the politics of Jingzhao area was clear and clear, which was praised by both officials and people. However, Jing's duty is to manage the capital, because under the emperor's feet, it is easy to offend royalty and dignitaries in daily handling of government affairs. Therefore, although Zhao Guanghan was a leader among city managers, he was finally beheaded. During his tenure in Beijing, Zhao Guanghan was honest and won the praise of the people.
Ba Huang (? -5 1 BC), male, born in Yangxia, Huaiyang, Western Han Dynasty (now Taikang, Henan Province). Historian Ban Gu commented: "Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, the number of officials governing the people has been the first." When Ba Huang was still young, he made up his mind to be a good official. Ren Taishou's achievements in Yingchuan County are the most outstanding. Previously, Yingchuan County was a place where powerful landlords unified one side and the people were displaced. After he took office, he took drastic measures, bite the hand that feeds him, resettle refugees, attach importance to farming and mulberry, and educate them. After several years of careful management, Yingchuan has a peaceful scene of peace and stability, clear management and production development. Therefore, the emperor wrote a letter praising Ba Huang as a good official.
Xu Yougong (? -702), whose real name is Xu, was born in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty, and was the most famous official in the Tang Dynasty who specialized in handling cases. In ancient times, most official positions were mixed with administration and justice, and only the imperial court had special judges, but their position in the bureaucratic system was extremely low, so it was difficult to make a difference. Although Xu Yougong served as a full-time trial judge for a long time, he went down in history because he dared to strictly abide by the law and hit his face, rehabilitated hundreds of unjust cases and saved more than 10,000 lives. Xu Yougong has served as a judicial officer in Zhou Pu, a criminal officer in the Ministry of Justice (Dali Temple), a foreign minister in Qiu Guan (Ministry of Justice) and a chief criminal doctor in Shao Qing. When Xu Yougong was an official, it was the Wu and Zhou Dynasties. At that time, there was an insurrection by marquis Wu and a trap set by cruel officials, so it was not easy to enforce the law correctly. Because Xu Yougong handled six or seven hundred major cases before and after, he saved tens of thousands of lives, inevitably offended cruel officials and treacherous court officials, and was frequently impeached and tried. However, in the end, he was charged with the death penalty three times, pardoned three times, dismissed twice and returned twice. In spite of this, he remained firm, did not flatter, and devoted himself to law enforcement. Because of this, Xu became a rare full-time "judge" in history and was praised as "a good official without history" by people at that time.
Di (AD 607-700) was born in Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty. He took the Ming Classics (one of the subjects in the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty) and entered the official career. After entering politics, he experienced two eras: Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. At the beginning, he was appointed as an imperial minister in Cheng Dali. He has served as the secretariat of Ningzhou and Yuzhou, and the assistant minister of local officials. Di is an official, as Lao Tzu said, "saints are fickle in their hearts, and people are fickle in their hearts." In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the will of the monarch and always maintained the true colors of being close to the people and not afraid of power. He always lived above the class, worried about the country and people, and was called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty" by later generations. He was appointed Cheng Dali in charge of criminal law. After any one year, he handled more than 65,438+07,000 cases left by his predecessor, and none of them appealed for rehabilitation. This shows that his fairness in handling affairs can be seen. Later generations have compiled many wonderful legends based on this, and even some people in the Netherlands have compiled a book "The Trial Legend of Renjie in Datang Empire".
Chen Xiliang was born in Qingshen, Meizhou (now Sichuan) and Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He has been an official for more than 30 years, starting with a scholar. He has served as a magistrate, magistrate, magistrate and transshipment history. He also served in Kaifeng government and the imperial court of the capital. No matter whether he is an official in the local or the capital, Chen Xiliang hates evil and doesn't consider personal fate. He praised the common people and frightened the princes and nobles. Later, he died of overwork at the age of 64. Su Shi, a famous writer, claimed that he never erected a tombstone for others, but he admired Chen Xiliang and worried that Chen Xiliang's deeds would be handed down to future generations, so he made an exception and wrote Biography of Chen Gongbi.
Bao Zheng (AD 999- 1062), a native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), is the most famous honest official in history. Since he was a teenager, he has been determined to make contributions to the country, and "do his best to die". The starting point of Bao Zheng's official career was the magistrate of a county, and later he served as a magistrate, a transfer ambassador and other local governors. He has served as a senior official in charge of state finance, such as the Minister of Supervision and the Deputy Minister of Housing. As a diplomatic envoy in Liao country; The most famous thing is that he worked as a bachelor in Tianzhangge and Longtuge. He has been strict with himself all his life. Ren Duanzhou, the magistrate, rectified the bureaucracy and cracked down on corruption, which was well received by the people. When he left office, he made a good local inkstone and gave it to him. He declined politely, "Don't return it with an inkstone"; He was selfless all his life, did not avoid powerful people, and enforced the law like a mountain. It is strongly advocated that all illegal acts of the royal family and eunuchs be brought to justice. It is the main content that Bao Zheng was highly praised and praised by the people before and after his death.
Bao Zheng was famous at that time and later generations, especially after his death, as a typical image of an honest official, he was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literary works, making it magical. With the development of international cultural exchange, Bao Zheng, a historical figure and artistic image, has won the world reputation. Although the image of Bao Zheng in historical materials is very different from that in works of art, Bao Zheng's life can not only be appreciated by the feudal supreme ruler, but also be supported and loved by the lower class in dire straits. As an honest official, it is really typical.
Kuang Zhong (A.D. 1383- 1442) was born in Longgang, Jing 'an County, Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. Kuang Zhong's most outstanding achievement in his life was becoming the magistrate of Suzhou. He directly reduced the official grain, lightened the burden on the people, and stabilized and developed the economy. At the same time, rectify the bureaucracy, correct the atmosphere, pay attention to cleaning up unjust prisons and avenge the people. He arranged the schedule and asked about the case of a county every day, round and round, without interruption. In the first eight months, more than 1500 cases were cleared. The cases he has tried, big or small, can basically ensure that the people are not wronged, and local tyrants dare not do evil again. Now, as long as it is mentioned, people will immediately think of the honest official who dares to take risks, uphold justice and eliminate pests for the people in the Fifteen Customs. In addition, he also did good things that benefited one side, such as building water conservancy projects, running schools and recommending talents. During his thirteen years in office, Kuang Zhong left office three times and stayed in office three times. He did a lot of practical things for the people of Suzhou, and finally he broke down from overwork and died in Suzhou. In memory of Kuang Zhong, ancestral temples were built in Suzhou and seven counties after his death.
Hai Rui (A.D. 15 14- 1587) was born in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province. His time was the turning point of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. When the surface is flat, there is danger at that time. When Harry was young, he showed great concern for social problems. When Emperor Jiajing worked in the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, out of concern for the national financial resources, in order to persuade Taoism, he devoted himself to seeking immortality and indulged in building temples and temples everywhere. As a junior official with six grades, he is determined to die. This time, he put forward the famous "Frankly speaking, the best in the world", which was later called "Public Security". After the speech, Harry was immediately thrown into prison. Fortunately, Jiajing died soon, and the new emperor was pardoned under the persuasion of Prime Minister Xu Jie, and the official was reinstated and gradually promoted to the governor of Yingtian Ten Mansions. Later, he presided over the formulation of severe punishments such as "greed at the age of 80" to correct the current abuses and strictly enforce the law and discipline. He is selfless and shows no mercy to Xu Jie, the old prime minister who has always been kind to him. He returned the 400,000 mu of fertile land occupied by the Xu family to the original owner, and demanded that Xu Jie's two sons and more than 20 family members who bullied the good people should be held accountable according to law. Look at Hai Rui as an official. After Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties, he risked his life to remonstrate many times. Although it was to safeguard the fundamental interests of feudal rule, he strictly enforced the law, eliminated violence, led an honest and clean life, sympathized with the people, appealed for exile, paid attention to developing production, built water conservancy projects, restricted the endless exploitation of big landlords, and reformed backward customs and habits. His action has been widely supported by the people.
Tang Bin (AD 1627- 1687) was born in Suizhou, Baonan (now Suixian). The main achievements were in the Kangxi dynasty, from officials to cabinet bachelors, governors of Jiangning, ministers of rites and so on. Tang Bin has been an official all his life. In addition to writing books and developing Neo-Confucianism, he concentrated almost all his energy on river affairs and water transportation, and paid attention to reducing the burden for the people, helping the people, promoting the benefits and eliminating the evils, so that he always devoted himself to practicing the Confucian "people-oriented" thought of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order to govern the country and level the world" in order to turn "hazelnuts everywhere" into "prosperous times"