1. limit: limit is one of the basic concepts of calculus and describes the behavior of a function near a certain point. Limit can be used to calculate the function value, and can also be used to derive many important theorems and formulas.
2. Derivative: Derivative is a concept that describes the rate of change of a function. It can be used to calculate the tangent slope of a function at a certain point, and it can also be used to solve optimization problems.
3. Integration: Integration is a concept that describes the area or volume of a function. It can be used to calculate the area under the curve, and it can also be used to solve definite integral and indefinite integral.
4. Taylor series: Taylor series is a method of expressing functions with infinite series. It can be used to approximate complex values and solve differential equations.
5. Newton-Leibniz formula: Newton-Leibniz formula is one of the most important formulas in calculus, which links differential and integral, and gives a general method to find definite integral.
6. Differential equation: Differential equation is an equation describing the relationship between variables. It can be used to solve unknown functions and predict future trends.
7. Extreme value theorem: Extreme value theorem is an important theorem in calculus, which describes the conditions for a function to obtain the maximum or minimum value at a certain point.