Military equipment science
Although war is one of the annoying topics, human development is closely related to war. From ancient times to the modern world, wars have occurred constantly in China. Regardless of interests or political disputes, war has become the most common solution.
Mathematics is widely used in the military, and many wars are won by mathematics. Almost every place on the battlefield is full of traces of mathematics, and mathematics is naturally a necessary subject for military commanders.
1. Making weapons with mathematics
Mathematics existed in the earliest weapons in ancient times, and applied mathematics first appeared to make weapons. In ancient times, arrows and spears used in wars were mainly divided into two forms, one was ridged wings and the other was Mitsubishi wings. With the passage of time, the ridged biplane gradually withdrew from the ancient battlefield.
This is also the result summarized by many military commanders in the war. Compared with Mitsubishi's ridged wings, it lacks hardness and sharpness and has lower penetration. Because the whole is relatively heavy, the flight distance can't catch up with Mitsubishi's. Therefore, by measuring the weapon performance, the military commander decided to give up the arrow with ridged wings.
These figures measured by weapons all affect the victory of the war. If a military commander doesn't even know the basic knowledge of mathematics, how can he kill the enemy with mathematical knowledge? The length and weight of a weapon are related to its lethality.
In ancient times, many weapons were used to kill enemies in close combat, and some tiny gaps could bring great harm to opponents or themselves, even endangering their lives. In order to increase the combat capability of the army, military commanders should first be familiar with the weapons used by the army. Archers, infantry and throwers in ancient times all relied on the support of mathematics to let military commanders know their role.
In order to arrange a reasonable strategic policy, accurate strikes can often bring fatal blows to the enemy, which requires the commanders of ancient wars to be extremely high. Only by killing the enemy from a long distance can we keep them in a safe area, so the victory of a war is undoubtedly the struggle of mathematicians.
2. Only when you are familiar with mathematics, can you strategize.
In ancient wars, the scope of military activities was required to be under one's own control. In ancient times, most of them were ordinary troops. In some wars, combat tools such as throwing cars can't be used, so commanders need to know the battlefield well. With the development of the war, the scale gradually expanded.
In ancient times, the battle of Changping and the battle of Julu depended on the statistics and analysis of data by military commanders, which was the key factor related to the success or failure of the war. The role of mathematics in military commanders is self-evident. Before the war begins, military advisers need to measure topography, water flow patterns and climate.
A good military commander needs to make statistical analysis with mathematics to predict the war. Therefore, those who make mathematical calculations before the war will be severely hit before the military begins, and the quality of mathematical calculations is enough to change the outcome of a war.
By measuring the terrain, military commanders will use some appropriate ways to carry out strategic attacks, and some war tools will be brought into full play. For example, some wind direction tests, the strength of the wind, they can attack with dust or fire, and the measurement results are all calculated by mathematics.
The mathematics of ancient wars is not too complicated, it is a simple mathematical application, so there will be no complicated mathematical model. Although it is some simple mathematical operations, if the military commander doesn't know how to apply it, he can't win before the war.
Prepare for war through mathematics
It is of practical significance to simulate combat, study tactics and train commanders with mathematical methods. Especially for the army, using mathematical methods to simulate combat is the victory of a new type of war. Although modern operations are almost all digital operations, there was no such high level of science and technology in ancient times. Although there are not many ways in which mathematics is applied, it also plays a vital role.
1. Han Xin points soldiers.
At the beginning, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang asked Han Xin, "How many soldiers do you think I can take?" At that time, this question may have stumped many military commanders. Han Xin met the "problem" given by Liu Bang and calmly turned the problem into an opportunity through mathematical knowledge. It is Han Xin who solved this problem through mathematical methods, which makes the historical allusion of "Han Xin ordered soldiers" always affect modern times.
At that time, Liu Bang didn't believe that Han Xin could count so many people at once, so he sent an order and called a small group of soldiers. At first, Liu Bang ordered to stand in a row. After the monitor came in to report, there were only two people in the last row. Then Liu bang ordered every five people to stand in a row, and then the monitor came to report. There are only three people in the last row.
Liu Bang ordered seven people to stand in a row. The monitor reported that there were only two people in the last row, and so on several times, Liu Bang turned to ask Han Xin, and Han Xin blurted out that there were 23 people. Because of this little soldier, Liu Bang was frightened, which also increased his unhappiness. Because Han Xin ordered the soldiers to let Liu know what Han Xin was capable of.
In order to avoid future trouble, they always tried their best to get rid of Han Xin, but Liu Xiaohe recommended Han Xin, Liu Bang worshipped Han Xin as a general, and Han Xin also analyzed the form of Chu and Han for Liu Bang. After Liu Bang adopted Han Xin's suggestion, Hu quickly occupied Guanzhong. Han Xin is a typical figure who applied mathematics to the military, and was later regarded as "the soldier fairy and the god of war".
Don't fight an unprepared battle
A phenomenon can be found in ancient wars, that is, wars can stimulate people's subjective initiative and search for all available materials. Although siege is an indispensable part of ancient wars, it is also the most troublesome part. Siege often loses a large part of troops, so the ancients made many practical construction machinery through their own mathematical wisdom.
For the losses caused by siege, people invented dust trucks and fan trucks, so that soldiers could splash lime powder upward when attacking buildings, which made the soldiers guarding the city unable to open their eyes. Whether attacking a city or fighting in a tunnel, they can blow lime powder and smoke through dust Xiangqian Che to make the enemy retreat. The use of dust truck needs mathematical analysis, and the expected effect can be achieved through several levels of wind power.
These are all calculated by military commanders. Various military instruments have different models, and each instrument has different functions. The compilation of military equipment needs a new calculation method to calculate the combat effectiveness of weapons. The most commonly used method in ancient times is the statistical method of war experience, which estimates the combat effectiveness of weapons in future operations through empirical data.
Third, the commander's dependence on mathematics.
Ancient wars involved many arms. For the cooperation of all parts, this is something that every military commander should care about. If we rely on human physical strength to fight, we must measure the sustained combat effectiveness of the troops through a method.
In the artillery period, because various long-range firepower can support each other, many traditional military scientists found the shortcomings of the traditional algorithm, so they calculated the combat effectiveness through differential equations, which shows that both military commanders and military wars can not do without mathematics.
1. Practice beforehand and practice afterwards.
With the continuous development of weapons and equipment, the operational factors of the army are becoming more and more complicated. Military commanders must consider comprehensive and coordinated tactical training, need mathematical evaluation, simulate different offensive and defensive battle formations through mathematics, and conduct military drills on the proposed sand table through mathematical simulation. Military drills before the war can make military commanders calmly deal with all kinds of emergencies.
The reasonable arrangement of military plan plays a vital role in the success or failure of military affairs. Reasonable military commanders are the most important, but mathematics is the core of military commanders. Although it was limited to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in ancient times, it was only measurement and navigation, but these tiny measurements affected the dynamics of war.
2. Know yourself and yourself.
Mathematics can calculate the combat capability of weapons and their effects on targets in different situations. By calculating the combat capability of weapons, we can strengthen our mastery of war. The performance of these weapons can simulate how much damage weapons can cause, how many targets can be destroyed if a weapon is lost, and new results can be obtained by changing some properties of weapons.
After the appearance of artillery, military commanders reflect the flexibility of weapons in the war through the firing rate of weapons, the flying speed of projectiles, the time of courage and the time of leaving the position, reflect the application degree of weapons in the war through the understanding of weapons, and increase the chances of winning in the war through the movement mode of weapons.
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Mathematics is widely used in the military, and countless wars have been won through mathematics since ancient times. Judging from the development of ancient wars, mathematics played a great role in military commanders.
In the era of continuous development of science and technology and mathematical theory, mathematics plays an increasingly important role in the military. Military commanders who constantly study mathematics must be more original than other commanders in comprehensive quality.
refer to
The Mathematical War Behind the Gulf War
Military and war