First of all, be clear.
For children, the leap from primary school to junior high school is not a simple sixth grade to seventh grade, but a big step and a leap! The mathematics content that primary school students are exposed to is intuitive and single, while the junior high school mathematics content is more abstract and complex than the primary school mathematics content, which pays attention to the understanding and application of knowledge, abstract thinking and strict logic. The required thinking mode, calculation ability, reading ability, understanding ability, graphic perception ability, spatial imagination ability, logical reasoning ability and the application of basic mathematical ideas are much more difficult than those required by primary schools. But primary school mathematics is the foundation of junior high school mathematics, and some contents are special cases of junior high school mathematics; Junior high school mathematics is the expansion and extension of primary school mathematics, and most of the contents are brand-new. Don't feel so horrible and terrible. As long as you have no major problems in primary school and develop good study habits, your brain and thinking will gradually mature in junior high school. As long as you study hard, scientifically and practically, you believe you can learn well. Here I can simply tell you what are the differences and transitions, so that you have some psychological preparation:
1. A leap from "natural numbers and fractions (decimals)" to "rational numbers and irrational numbers (collectively called real numbers)".
In primary school mathematics, the learning content only involves the knowledge of natural numbers and fractions (decimals), that is, positive rational numbers and zeros. These figures can be seen, used and understood by students at any time in life, which is more intuitive and friendly. After entering junior high school, the first problem of algebra is "negative number". Negative number is a new abstract concept, which is completely understood by comparison. The calculation of negative numbers and the change of symbols will definitely make students feel that the problem becomes more complicated than that of primary schools. In addition to numerical values, symbols should also be considered in calculation. For example, (-2)+(-4) Make sure that the symbol is "-"first, and then add up the digital parts, which is (-2)+(-4)=-(2+4)=-6.
2. The leap from "number" to "type".
For six years, primary school students mainly studied specific numbers and operations between numbers, but by the first day of junior high school, they were exposed to the concept of using letters to represent numbers and establishing algebra. In our view, "algebra" means replacing a number with letters, but this is by no means the case. Mathematics in Senior One begins with "expressing numbers with letters", then goes deep into "equations", then expands the concept of "formulas containing letters", then starts to calculate "algebraic expressions" and then learns "functions". In fact, the content of junior high school learning is mostly the expansion of primary school content. There are actually many connections between elementary school mathematics and junior high school mathematics. As long as under the guidance of the teacher, find out the internal relations and differences between "number" and "type", build a bridge between knowledge, and lay a solid foundation for more content later.
3. A leap from "arithmetic" to "equation".
Most application problems in primary schools can be solved by arithmetic. The so-called "arithmetic method" refers to a formula composed of all numbers and symbols. Because of its simple calculation, it has become the "main course" for students to solve problems in primary school for six years. Even the "simple equation" of primary school only requires students to learn in an understanding way, and the difficulty of the questions and the requirements of the exam are not high. But after entering junior high school, it is different. Since the first semester of junior high school, I have studied the linear equation in detail. Gradually, the first reaction of all application problems is to establish unknown equations, but I have no impression of the original "arithmetic method". Why is this? Most arithmetic methods use "reverse thinking" to solve practical problems, and most equations are solved by "sequential thinking". Obviously, the latter two methods are suitable for students' general thinking habits. Moreover, this mode of thinking will accompany your whole learning process from junior high school to senior high school, and also be used to deal with problems in other disciplines.
From the above three points, the difference between junior high school mathematics and primary school mathematics is mainly reflected in knowledge and thinking mode. To learn junior high school mathematics well, we must make our thinking more logical, listen carefully to the teacher's instruction and guidance, and learn to find, analyze and solve problems from the perspective of developing mathematics.
Second, pay attention to cultivate their own scientific and correct learning methods.
A good and scientific learning method is the guarantee of success, which can get twice the result with half the effort.
1. Pay attention to preview before class and learn to teach yourself.
Preview is a key process to learn junior high school mathematics well. Preview is essentially the beginning of students' self-study, which is generally not paid so much attention to in primary school. So by the first day of junior high school, most students will not preview. Even if they preview, they just turn over the text and read it like a novel. The preview here is to teach yourself with questions and understand the meaning of this topic through reading? What is the main content? How to introduce new problems from the original problems? What is the definition of the new problem? What are the new rules? What are the improvements and continuations compared with the old knowledge? What questions have you read, do you understand? What content is still in doubt? Wait a minute. Try to finish the exercises and exercises provided in the textbook and see if you can finish them. Mark the unclear places and pay attention to the teacher's explanation and guidance in class. If you still don't understand after class and want to ask the teacher after class, you must find out the ins and outs of the problem and don't leave any questions. Mathematics is a closely related subject. I don't understand the previous question, and I won't understand the knowledge related to this question in the future. Learning is the process of transforming other people's knowledge, experience and skills into your own. Finally, you must learn to deal with all kinds of problems you encounter. Don't think that the study time in junior high school is tight and there are many subjects to despise the preview process. Maybe you didn't adapt to it at first, but after a period of persistence, you found that your math was easy to learn at first and your grades were good, so you thought it was worthwhile to preview.
2. Listen carefully in class, be studious, be good at thinking, and actively participate in classroom mathematics activities.
The classroom in middle school is very important. High density and large capacity. You may miss the big team if you are not careful! The classroom is where you gain the most. It can be said that more than 80% of your math knowledge comes from the classroom! Therefore, after entering the first grade, you should be full of curiosity and devote yourself to all the math activities in the classroom! Listen carefully to the teacher's questions, think positively, raise your hand and answer positively, and speak your thoughts boldly. Don't refuse to answer the teacher's question because you are afraid of making mistakes, then you will be distracted. Actually, it's a good thing to get it wrong. When you answer wrong, you don't understand. As a student, this is a completely normal phenomenon and behavior. The teacher will give you timely and correct correction according to your mistakes. What a wonderful thing!
3. Seriously complete the homework assigned by the teacher, work independently, and standardize writing.
Satisfied, please adopt.