Senior high school geography compulsory two mind maps
Summary of required knowledge points of geography in senior high school 1 The process of human understanding the universe: the theory of heaven and earth, geocentric theory, Heliocentrism, and the Big Bang cosmology.
The basic characteristics of the universe are composed of various forms of matter, which are constantly moving, developing and changing.
Classification of celestial bodies: nebulae, stars, planets, satellites, comets, meteoroids and interstellar matter.
4 The causes of celestial bodies attract each other and revolve around each other, forming a celestial body system.
Level 5 celestial system-earth-moon system-solar system-Milky Way (extragalactic galaxy)-master galaxy.
Chang 'e VI, the average distance between the earth and the moon is 6.5438+49.6 million kilometers.
The positions of the eight stars in the solar system are water, earth, fire (small) and earth, sky and sea.
The eight planets are divided into terrestrial planets (water, gold and fire), giant planets (wood) and distant planets (sky and sea) according to their structural characteristics.
There are nine reasons for the emergence and evolution of life on earth: lighting conditions, stable cosmic environment, suitable atmospheric temperature and liquid water.
10 The main components of the sun are hydrogen and helium.
1 1 solar radiation energy source nuclear fusion reaction
12 the influence of solar radiation on the earth and human beings is the driving force to maintain the surface temperature, water circulation and atmospheric movement, and it is the main energy of human beings.
13 solar active sunspots (signs) and flares (strongest).
14 solar energy distribution in China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (highest) and Sichuan Basin (lowest).
15 solar external structure and its corresponding solar active photosphere (sunspot), chromosphere (flare) and corona (solar wind).
The change period of 16 sunspot is 1 1 year.
17 the influence of solar activity on the earth ① influences the climate ② influences short-wave communication ③ produces magnetic storms.
1August phase: new moon, moth-eyebrow moon, first quarter moon, full moon, second quarter moon and waning moon.
1September phase change law: upper west (first quarter moon), lower east (second quarter moon).
The origin of 20 weeks is based on two strings and four phases.
2 1 Beginning of Space Exploration Phase 1957 10 The first artificial earth satellite of the former Soviet Union was launched.
At the beginning of the space development stage, the first space shuttle was successfully tested.
23. The development of China's space industry 1970 Dongfanghong-1 and 1999 Shenzhou manned space test spacecraft. Shenzhou 5 in 2003.
Classification of natural resources in the universe: space resources (high vacuum, strong radiation and weightlessness), solar energy resources and mineral resources.
Protect the cosmic environment, remove space junk and strengthen international cooperation.
The average radius of the earth is 637 1 km.
The equatorial circumference of the earth is 40 thousand kilometers.
Latitude and latitude, the division of low latitude, middle latitude and high latitude, connect the east and west lines. Every 1 latitude is11.1km;
A line connecting north and south by longitude and latitude. Two opposite warp yarns form a warp yarn loop.
The division of the eastern and western hemispheres by the warp coil of 30 west longitude 20 east longitude160.
3 1 The northern and southern hemispheres are bounded by the equator, with the northern hemisphere in the north and the southern hemisphere in the south.
Tropic of Cancer and South Arctic Circle 32 parallels 23 26' and 66 34'.
33 prime meridian 0 meridian, passing through the original site of Greenwich Observatory in London, England.
The judgment of the north-south direction is limited, with the North Pole as the northernmost and the South Pole as the southernmost.
The judgment of east-west direction is infinite, the direction of forward rotation is east, and the direction of reverse rotation is west.
The judgment of east-west longitude increases along the rotation direction and decreases along the west longitude direction.
37. The judgment of north and south latitudes is increased to north latitude and south latitude.
The direction of the earth's rotation is from west to east. Seen from the north pole of the earth, it rotates counterclockwise.
39 sidereal day, the period of the earth's rotation, 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds (real period); Sunny day, 24 hours.
40 the speed of the earth's rotation, angular velocity (per hour 15), linear velocity (decreasing from equator to poles)
4 1 Earth orbit elliptical orbit. Early January (perihelion) and early July (apohelion).
The direction of the revolution of the earth is from west to east. Seen from the north pole of the earth, it rotates counterclockwise.
Period of revolution's sidereal year (365 days 6: 9: 10 second) and the tropic year of 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds.
The revolution speed of the earth is fast at perihelion and slow at apohelion.
The angle between the ecliptic plane and the equatorial plane is currently 23 26'.
The movement law of the sun's direct point is to move back and forth between the tropic of cancer with a period of one year.
The judgment of terminator line is along the direction of rotation, the transition from night to day is morning line, and from day to night is dark line.
The calculation of local time is increased by 4 minutes every eastward 1.
Divide the longitude by 15 to find the number of time zones, and then round them off.
Every time you move 1 time zone eastward, the calculation time of zone 50 will increase by 1 hour.