Problem description:

Chapter 9 Who popularized arithmetic?

Analysis:

Nine Chapters of Arithmetic is a monograph of China's ancient mathematics, and it is the most important of the ten arithmetic classics. It inherited the development of mathematics in the pre-Qin period and was edited and deleted by many scholars after entering the Han Dynasty. The book was written in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first century A.D.), which was the result of the concerted efforts of several generations of Qi Xin. Its appearance marks the formation of China's ancient mathematical system. Later generations are all ancient mathematicians.

There are 246 math problems in Nine Chapters Arithmetic, which are divided into nine chapters. Their main contents are as follows: Chapter 1 "Square field": calculation of field area;

Chapter two "millet": conversion of grain proportion;

Chapter 3 "Decline": the problem of proportional distribution;

Chapter 4 "Less but Wide": Given the area and volume, find its side length, diameter length, etc.

Chapter 5 "commercial engineering": geotechnical engineering and volume calculation;

Chapter VI "lose-lose": reasonable allocation of tax revenue;

Chapter seven "surplus and deficiency": the problem of dual management;

Chapter 8 "Equation": the problem of linear equations;

Chapter 9 Pythagorean Theorem: Various problems solved by Pythagorean Theorem.

The mathematical achievements of "Nine Chapters Arithmetic" are various:

(1), the main achievements in arithmetic are fractional operation, proportional problem and "remainder" algorithm. Chapter 9 Arithmetic is the earliest book in the world that systematically describes fractional operation. Chapters 2, 3 and 6 have many proportional problems, which are also relatively early in the world. The "residual" algorithm needs to be given twice, and it is a creation, which is called "in medieval Europe"

(2) In geometry, it is mainly the calculation of area and volume.

(3) In algebra, there are mainly solutions, square roots, square roots and general quadratic equations of linear equations. The chapter "Equation" also introduces negative numbers and their addition and subtraction algorithms for the first time in the history of world mathematics. As a world-famous scientific work, Nine Chapters Arithmetic was introduced to Korea and Japan during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Now it has been translated into Japan, Russia, Germany, Britain, France and other countries.

Nine Chapters Arithmetic contains 246 math problems, which are divided into nine chapters. They are: Tian Fang, Li Mi, Descent, Shao Guang, Shanggong, Equal Loss, Insufficient Profit, Equation and Pythagorean.

Nine Chapters Arithmetic is the earliest book in the world that systematically describes fractional operation. Among them, the residual algorithm is an amazing creation; The chapter "Equation" also expounds the negative number and its addition and subtraction algorithm for the first time in the history of world mathematics.