"The homework is clearly written, and the schoolbag does not go home; We are willing to learn, and we are all top-notch. " This nursery rhyme spread among primary and middle school students in Yantai, Shandong Province, reflects the gratifying situation of students' healthy physical and mental development and continuous improvement of their comprehensive quality after the implementation of quality education in recent years. At the same time, a survey of 2 1 countries in the world shows that children in China rank first in computing ability, last in imagination and fifth in creativity, which has aroused people's concern and reflection on the current situation of education. This positive and negative example shows that vigorously promoting quality education and eliminating the disadvantages of exam-oriented education are major problems that must be solved in educational reform and development.
Today, we are in the process of moving from a big education country to a strong education country. Effectively promoting quality education and cultivating all-round high-quality talents is an urgent need for building an innovative country and an inevitable requirement for running a satisfactory education for the people.
Why is quality education concerned?
Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, China's educational development has made remarkable achievements: free and compulsory education has been fully realized in urban and rural areas, and all school-age children have "no money, but schooling"; Higher education has entered the stage of popularization, with a gross enrollment rate of 26.9%; The state's financial education funds have increased substantially, and the target of GDP will be achieved in 20 12 years ... We have the largest education in the world, which provides a solid talent guarantee and intellectual support for economic and social development.
At the same time, the current education can not meet the new requirements of the development of the times and the new expectations of the people, especially the problem of quality education is very prominent. Whether students complain about the heavy academic burden, or parents feel that they are rushing about "choosing schools" for their children, whether people criticize the abnormal development of various "cram schools" or teachers complain that they are "under great pressure" in front of the enrollment rate ... all reflect the unanimous voice of the whole society-change the status quo of exam-oriented education and implement quality education.
Why does quality education concentrate the attention of so many people and affect the nerves of the whole society?
Quality education is the call of the times. In today's era, scientific and technological progress is changing with each passing day, knowledge economy is advancing rapidly, and economic and social development is increasingly driven by innovation. Only by attaching great importance to and developing quality education and vigorously cultivating innovative talents can we seize the initiative and commanding heights of development and remain invincible in the fierce international competition.
Quality education determines the future of the country. To rejuvenate the country, we must first promote learning, and to strengthen the country, we must first strengthen education. At present, the gap between us and developed countries in economy and science and technology is, in the final analysis, the gap in human quality. Only by comprehensively promoting quality education and cultivating a large number of first-class talents can we accelerate the transformation of development mode, improve the quality of development and lay a solid talent foundation for national development and national rejuvenation.
Quality education is related to the happiness of hundreds of millions of families. In the eyes of many parents, children are the center of the whole family, especially now that most children are only children, which has pinned the hopes of generations. Only through quality education can teenagers become healthy, sound and knowledgeable people, and the happy life of every family can really have hope.
Quality education is also the need of the reform and development of education itself. At present, the development of education in China is in a leap from popularization to quality improvement. The problem of "learning" has been basically solved, and the problem of "learning in class" has become increasingly prominent. Only by fully implementing the party's educational policy and vigorously implementing quality education can we promote the development of China's education at a new starting point and realize the goal of strengthening the country through education.
Finland: education creates competitiveness
In recent years, Finland, a small Nordic country, ranks among the best in the global competitiveness ranking and becomes one of the most competitive countries. The reason lies in a complete education system and a good environment for innovation. The cultivation of students' creativity runs through Finland from basic education to higher education. Basic education attaches great importance to cultivating children's practical ability and creative thinking. The fundamental purpose of high school education is to cultivate social members with high comprehensive quality, creativity and cooperative spirit, who can explore knowledge independently. Higher education encourages students to innovate, and the widely used Linux operating system was developed by a student of Helsinki University. Over the years, universities have trained a large number of high-quality innovative talents for the country and enterprises, and become a solid cornerstone of Finland's national innovation system.
Why is quality education difficult to implement?
As early as the mid-1980s, in order to correct the tendency of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate in primary and secondary education and promote the all-round development of students, China put forward the requirements of quality education. Since then, quality education has become an important concept of education reform and development in China. The state has launched a series of major measures around the implementation of quality education, and various localities have also boldly explored and created many useful experiences.
But on the whole, quality education has not really broken the problem, and the situation of "quality education is loud and exam-oriented education is done" has not been fundamentally reversed. Faced with the increasingly serious problems of students' "overburdening" and "school choice fever", people can't help but sigh, "It's not easy to say I love you in quality education". Why is quality education applauded by everyone, but difficult to implement?
The pressure of social competition is enormous. At present, the competition in China's employment is becoming increasingly fierce, the social status among industries is very different, and the income gap is widening. At the same time, the evaluation criteria generally recognized by the society are academic qualifications, grades and prestigious schools. For many people, only by getting good grades and entering a good school can they find a good job. This kind of pressure will inevitably lead to the upgrade of exam competition.
Quality education resources are scarce. Although the level of education development in China has been continuously improved, the situation of "more monks than porridge" and uneven distribution of quality education resources has not been fundamentally alleviated. With the development and progress of society and the arrival of the one-child era, people's demand for high-quality educational resources is increasing. In order to strive for limited resources, we can only get a "passport" to enter a prestigious school with high scores, which undoubtedly boosts exam-oriented education.
Education reform is lagging behind. There are still some problems in China's existing education system that are not conducive to the implementation of quality education. For example, some places still stick to the education evaluation mechanism of "only enrollment rate". A high enrollment rate can hide the ugliness, while a low enrollment rate is useless. The examination enrollment system is a "score-only theory", so that all educational activities in some schools revolve around the entrance examination. In addition, the school curriculum and teaching methods are not fully adapted to the requirements of quality education.
The influence of traditional cultural concepts. "Ten years of cold window, nobody cares, and it is famous all over the world." Influenced by thousands of years of traditional culture and the imperial examination system, people generally regard entering a higher school as the only way to succeed and get ahead, and pin their fate change and social status promotion only on being admitted to a good university, which is also an important soil for exam-oriented education to flourish.
Realizing the transformation from exam-oriented education to quality education is a profound change in the field of education, which is both a tough battle and a protracted war. People-oriented and comprehensive implementation of quality education should be regarded as a strategic theme, which runs through the whole process of educational reform and development. Adhere to moral education first, ability first and all-round development, and strive to improve students' sense of social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability, so that students can become socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
Deep interpretation
The proposal and implementation of quality education
1in may, 985, the central government's decision on the reform of the education system put forward "improving the quality of the nation and cultivating more and better talents", which became the ideological source of quality education practice.
1August, 1994, "Several Opinions of the Central Committee on Further Strengthening and Improving Moral Education in Schools" was issued, and the concept of quality education was officially used in the central document for the first time.
1In June, 1999, the Decision of the Central Committee of the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way was issued, which further clearly put forward the requirements of strengthening quality education in primary and secondary schools.
In September 2006, the newly revised Compulsory Education Law came into effect, and quality education entered the stage of implementation according to law.
On July 20 10, the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020) was promulgated and implemented, and the overall implementation of quality education was established as the strategic theme of China's education reform and development.
Construction of "Green Evaluation" System of Compulsory Education Quality in Shanghai
In order to change the academic achievement as the sole evaluation standard of teaching quality, and form a more scientific and comprehensive "baton" for the majority of primary and secondary school students to study happily and promote quality education, Shanghai has built a "green evaluation" system for the quality of compulsory education, which mainly includes ten green indicators: the academic level index of students; Students' learning motivation index; Students' academic burden index; Teacher-student relationship index; Index of teachers' teaching methods; Principal's curriculum leadership index; The influence index of students' socio-economic background on academic performance; Students' moral behavior index; Students' physical and mental health index; Inter-annual progress index.
■ In May 2007, the State Council decided to implement free education for normal students in normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education. 20 1 1 the first batch 10597 free normal students graduated, all of them taught in primary and secondary schools, more than 90% taught in primary and secondary schools in the central and western regions, and 39% taught in primary and secondary schools at or below the county level.
Expert review
Compulsory education should be quality education.
Chu Zhaohui (researcher, China Academy of Educational Sciences): Nine-year compulsory education was originally a national quality education, but in some places it was alienated into the so-called elite selection, which led to worrying defects in personality education. Some schools still have the misunderstanding of "score first" in educational concept, and even use educational discrimination events such as "green scarf" and "red school uniform" to evaluate students, which seriously damages the personal dignity of some students and ignores the rights of minors.
Why should quality education be promoted together?
Quality education is difficult to implement, and everyone has a bitter stomach. Some experts vividly use "parents' anxiety, students' depression, teachers' confusion and social confusion" to describe people's entanglement and helplessness. In this way, we are caught in a "deadlock" where everyone expects quality education, but everyone can't do anything about it. Everyone denounces exam-oriented education, but everyone respects it.
Implementing quality education is a complex systematic project, which is not only a matter for schools, not only for education departments, but also for schools, families and society. Only when the government, schools, families and society understand and cooperate with each other can we create a good educational environment conducive to the implementation of quality education and shoulder the responsibility of cultivating the next generation.
The government is dominant. Education is a strategic basic cause related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and it is the unshirkable responsibility of the government to let the people receive a good education. Governments at all levels should establish a scientific view of educational achievements, give full play to the guiding role of policies, and strengthen the guidance for schools to implement quality education. According to the goal of 4%, increase financial input, provide more high-quality educational resources and promote educational equity. The administrative department of education does not rank and reward the enrollment rate of schools, and does not issue enrollment indicators to schools to create relaxed conditions for schools to promote quality education.
School is the key. As the cradle of cultivating talents, the school is the main position of implementing quality education. All kinds of schools at all levels should establish a correct concept of running a school, respect the laws of education and students' growth, and strengthen the educational concept of putting moral education first, ability first and all-round development. Really take improving students' quality and promoting their healthy growth as the starting point and end result of all school work, respect each student's personality, care about each student's progress and provide appropriate education for their development.
Family is the foundation. Parents are children's first teachers, and family is the first stop for people to grow up. Many parents, with the expectation of their children's success, ignore their children's interests and hobbies under the influence of social environment, let their children learn "Olympic Mathematics", take exams for certificates, take "pit classes" ... and become "pushers" of exam-oriented education. In fact, this is a distortion of the law of education, and many parents are either unaware of it or helpless. Parents should establish a correct concept of education, based on their children's physical and mental health and growth, and should not blindly encourage their children or even impose their wishes on them. It is necessary to coordinate with the school to arrange students' after-school life, to avoid "school burden reduction and pressure from parents" and turn the family into a "second battlefield".
In addition, the social evaluation mechanism and employment mechanism have a direct guiding role in education. We should advocate a correct view of talents, change the tendency of pursuing only academic qualifications and diplomas, and form the concept of attaching importance to quality and practical ability when using talents. Vigorously create a social atmosphere of "no status is high or low, no occupation is high or low", eliminate industry discrimination, narrow the income gap between industries, and make people no longer win social respect just by striving for further study and career. Efforts should be made to eliminate the erosion of education by social impetuous spirit and utilitarian wind, and let education return to the true nature of educating people.
The voice of the people
● Quality education is to avoid such a strange circle: kindergarten reads the content of primary school, primary school reads the content of junior high school, junior high school reads the content of high school, and senior high school reads the content of university, while university reads the content of kindergarten-learning how to be a person.
● Education can't be done well without money, and education can't be done well without money to reform the system and mechanism.
● We have done "excessive" education related to exams; Everything has nothing to do with exams, but education related to children's development is "inferior".
● Encourage exam-oriented education while criticizing it; When we talk about quality education, we regard examination results and enrollment rate as the most important criteria to evaluate the quality of running a school.
■ Since 2065438+02, 56 public kindergartens have been built, renovated and expanded in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in three years to solve the "difficulty in entering the park"; Clearly define the class size standard of primary and secondary schools and solve the problem of "super class"; Strict implementation of compulsory education "dicing, exemption from examination, near" admission, and gradually eliminate the phenomenon of "school choice fever".
■ As the saying goes: 360 lines, the line is the champion. At present, there are 8 categories, 66 middle categories, 465,438+03 subcategories and 65,438+0,838 subcategories in China, and there is an increasing trend year by year.
How to change the examination evaluation system?
"Examination, the teacher's magic weapon; Points are the lifeblood of students. " From entrance examination to graduation examination, from mid-term examination to final examination, from senior high school entrance examination to college entrance examination ... since entering school, every student has to go through numerous various examinations. Under the current social conditions, examination, as an important means to evaluate education and teaching, and as a relatively fair way to select talents, will inevitably exist for a long time. However, what to test and how to test directly affect the effect of quality education.
The ideal examination evaluation system can realize "supporting two schools with one hand", which can not only meet the selection of all kinds of talents, but also always guide positive evaluation and education. In order to achieve this goal, in recent years, the reform of the examination evaluation system is progressing steadily. The senior high school entrance examination combines daily evaluation with graduation examination evaluation, and adds comprehensive quality evaluation. The college entrance examination carried out independent proposition reform in some provinces, and some colleges and universities carried out comprehensive evaluation enrollment based on the college entrance examination. These explorations have played a positive role in implementing quality education.
However, under the current examination evaluation system, examination is still the "baton" of the whole education and teaching activities. The evaluation of students still focuses on the examination results, while the evaluation of schools and teachers focuses on the enrollment rate. In particular, the college entrance examination mode of "one exam for life" not only "directs" senior high school, but also affects primary school and even preschool stage. Some people put forward that "quality education will not succeed if the college entrance examination is not changed". Therefore, it is necessary to establish a more reasonable, just, fair and scientific student evaluation system through reform.
Adjust the content of the exam and change "studying for the exam" to "taking the exam for selecting talents". The current examination evaluation system pays too much attention to the test of students' basic knowledge, but lacks the examination of comprehensive quality. Therefore, students "study for the exam" and choose "carry more points on their backs". To correct this deviation, it is necessary to adjust the examination content, make efforts to make the examination subjects and propositions closer to the times, society and candidates' reality, and examine students' ability to analyze and solve problems more scientifically. Since 2002, the reform of "3+X" college entrance examination subject setting and examination content has been carried out nationwide. At present, there are 16 provinces in China that have taken the independent proposition examination, and the examination content is more flexible and rich.
Explore classified exams and change "formatting" into "personalization". For a long time, our examinations have neglected students' personality development, which is not conducive to the selection of multi-level and diversified talents. In order to change this situation, the Outline of Education Planning proposes to gradually implement the classified entrance examination for colleges and universities. The undergraduate entrance examination for ordinary colleges and universities is organized by the whole country, and higher vocational colleges can take the examination alone, or they can take the academic level examination results as the main basis for admission. In this way, different talents can be selected according to different standards. In 20 1 1 year, the pilot of classified entrance examination for general undergraduate and higher vocational education was launched, and about 660,000 candidates were admitted to higher vocational education alone.
Implement multiple admissions and change "single-plank bridge" into "overpass". For a long time, the college entrance examination has been based on a single test score, and many students have been affected by a failure. At present, the multi-admission mechanism is being improved, and unified entrance examination is the basic way of undergraduate enrollment in colleges and universities. At the same time, we actively explore various ways such as independent admission, recommended admission, directional admission and exceptional admission. At present, 90 colleges and universities have explored independent selection and admission, providing more opportunities for students to enter the university campus.
To implement quality education, we should not only reasonably evaluate students by reforming the examination enrollment system, but also establish a scientific evaluation mechanism for teachers and schools. Improve the scientific teacher performance evaluation system, comprehensively evaluate teachers' morality, intelligence, ability and performance, and change the practice of evaluating teaching performance only by students' test scores. Establish a quality-oriented school evaluation system, improve the education quality monitoring and evaluation system, and correct the tendency of judging the quality and efficiency of running a school simply by the enrollment rate.
■ The Plan for Promoting the Reform of Education System in Shandong Province (20115) proposes to gradually implement the classified entrance examination for undergraduate and junior college students (higher vocational colleges), continue to implement the national enrollment policy for the general undergraduate entrance examination, organize the examination in a unified way, and select the best candidates in combination with the academic level examination and comprehensive quality evaluation; The entrance examination for higher vocational education is decided by Shandong Province, and the examination and admission are organized separately.
Deep interpretation
What is the multiple admission mechanism?
The Outline of Education Planning clearly points out that it is necessary to "establish and improve a diversified admission mechanism that is conducive to promoting fair admission opportunities and selecting outstanding talents." Pluralistic admission, simply put, means more than fractional admission. The details are as follows: unified examination is the basic way of undergraduate enrollment in colleges and universities, and the academic level examination is combined with comprehensive quality evaluation; Those who have outstanding skills and meet the training requirements of the school will be admitted independently according to the interview or test results; Those who have developed in an all-round way in high school and performed well are recommended for admission; Those who meet the requirements and voluntarily apply for jobs in industries and regions that the country needs will sign an agreement to implement directional admission; For those who have made outstanding contributions or special talents in their actual jobs, special procedures will be established and exceptional admission will be made.
How to deepen the reform of education and teaching
Implementing quality education involves all-round adjustment of educational concepts, educational systems, teaching methods and teaching contents. Only by deepening the reform, making breakthroughs in the key areas and links of education and teaching, and breaking the unreasonable examination-oriented education system and mechanism can we stimulate the vitality of classroom teaching and running schools and truly implement quality education.
At present, the reform of education and teaching can't meet the needs of social development and students' growth, and problems such as disjointed learning and application, heavy academic burden and students' weariness of learning are prominent, which not only damages students' physical and mental health, but also restricts the implementation of quality education. We must take classroom teaching as the center, continue to deepen the reform of education and teaching, and gradually improve the education and teaching system that meets the requirements of quality education.
Optimize the teaching content. In many schools, the curriculum content is "old and dead", and the phenomenon of overtime scheduling and crowding out sub-courses is prominent. At the end of 20 1 1, the revised 19 new curriculum standard for compulsory education was issued, which reduced the curriculum capacity and difficulty, and paid more attention to the cultivation of innovative spirit and practical ability. According to the requirements of the new curriculum standards, it is necessary to open the prescribed courses well, and increase the class hours and difficulties at will, so that students have more time to think, practice and exercise. In classroom teaching, according to students' cognitive and receptive abilities, we should implement teaching contents that are helpful to improve humanities literacy and practical ability.
Innovative teaching methods. There are methods in teaching, but there is no fixed method. The key is to find the right method. At present, many schools still follow the "spoon-feeding" teaching of "one blackboard and one pen, and one person speaks from the beginning". The class is boring and the students are tired. It is necessary to promote the reform and innovation of teaching methods, advocate heuristic, inquiry, discussion and participatory teaching, increase interaction with students and enhance the attraction and appeal of classroom teaching. Guide students to master scientific learning methods, let students take the initiative to participate, be willing to learn, be diligent in doing things, and improve their learning ability and effect.
The implementation of quality education, classroom teaching is the most intuitive embodiment, behind which the whole education system needs to be fully "exerted". While deepening the teaching reform, we must further deepen the all-round reform of the education system to provide a strong institutional guarantee for promoting quality education.
The Outline of Education Planning has made comprehensive arrangements for the reform of management system, school-running system and personnel training system. It is necessary to focus on the implementation of quality education, vigorously promote the separation of government and school, the separation of management and running, build a modern school system, overcome the tendency of administration, expand the autonomy of running schools, encourage schools to run their own characteristics and levels, and avoid a thousand schools. Innovate various forms of running schools, promote the synchronous development of public education and private education, alleviate the contradiction of the shortage of high-quality educational resources, increase educational choices and meet people's diversified educational needs. Renew the concept of personnel training, explore various training methods, promote the organic connection between primary schools, middle schools and universities, promote the coordinated development of general education and vocational education, and cultivate top-notch innovative talents and high-level compound talents, as well as practical skilled talents and all kinds of high-quality workers.
Education is a family matter as well as a state matter; Today, tomorrow. The whole society should take active actions to promote the implementation of quality education, give every child a healthy and happy childhood, give hundreds of millions of families a happy and beautiful hope, and give the country a brighter future.
On 24th of October, 2065438+001KLOC-0/0, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Launching the National Education System Reform Pilot, which clarified the key tasks of the reform and the list of pilot areas and schools from three aspects: special reform, comprehensive reform in key areas and comprehensive reform in provincial government education, marking the comprehensive start of the education system reform pilot in China. The picture shows the teaching teacher of the second primary school in Donggang Town, Qinhuangdao giving music lessons to the children.