Teaching objectives of the "Three Kingdoms" teaching plan in the first volume of the seventh grade of People's Education Press.
Guide students to grasp the historical role of Guandu War and Battle of Red Cliffs, the reasons why Cao Cao was able to unify the north, the reasons why Cao Cao and Battle of Red Cliffs failed and the reasons why the situation in the three countries split.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Teaching emphasis: the battle of Guandu, the formation of the tripartite confrontation between Battle of Red Cliffs and the Three Kingdoms.
Teaching difficulties: how to correctly understand that the tripartite confrontation between the three countries is historical progress, that is, how to treat this situation. How to comprehensively evaluate historical figures such as Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang?
teaching tool
Multimedia toolkit for teachers
teaching process
Introduce new courses:
1. The novels and TV series of Romance of the Three Kingdoms that students are familiar with introduce the Three Kingdoms in history;
Students, have you seen the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms and TV series? What impressed you the most about the characters inside? Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao. . . . . . )
The teacher said: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of China's four classical novels, which reflects the history from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, and heroes were born in troubled times. It was an era when heroes came forth in large numbers.
2. Today, let's travel through time and space and enter the Eastern Han and Three Kingdoms era 1800 years ago.
New curriculum exploration
First, the war.
(1) Battle of Guandu
This paper analyzes the social background of the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty before the Battle of Guandu, and the development and growth of Cao Cao's forces. The video shows the process of the battle of Guandu and illustrates the influence of the war. On the reasons why Cao Cao won the battle of Guandu.
1. The situation before the Battle of Guandu: the warlord regime at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Combined with Cao Cao's Hao Li Xing, this paper expounds the map of warlord regime in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs and consorts alternated in politics, the royal family declined, the Yellow turban insurrectionary rose, warlords became independent, and wars continued, just like Hao Lixing described by Cao Cao. Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles? People everywhere are miserable, hungry and cold, and people long for national reunification and world peace.
2. Battle of Guandu
After Cao Cao's power grew, he clashed with Yuan Shao in the north of the Yellow River, and the famous battle of Guandu broke out in history. In 200 AD, Yuan Shao led 65,438+10,000 troops south to attack Cao Cao. Cao Cao has only 30,000 to 40,000 troops, and the enemy is strong and we are weak. How should Cao Cao fight? Whose strategy did he adopt?
(1) Let the students watch the video "The Battle of Guandu" with the above questions, and ask them to simply retell the historical allusions of the Battle of Guandu.
(2) Show a paragraph of written materials and ask students to summarize the course, result and influence of the battle of Guandu.
In 200, Yuan Shao led a hundred thousand troops to attack Cao Jun, and the main force matched Guandu where Cao Jun was located. There are only 30,000 to 40,000 people in Cao Jun, and both sides have the outcome. Later, Cao Cao adopted the general Xu You's plan, attacked Yuan Jun's grain depot and burned all the grain and grass. Yuan Jun wavered, and Cao Jun took the opportunity to attack and defeated Yuan Jun ... Yuan Shao led hundreds of cavalry to flee back to Hebei. The battle of Guandu laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north.
(3) Discuss the reason why Cao Cao won more with less in the battle of Guandu.
(4) Explore the reasons why Cao Cao is powerful.
Politically: (1)? Holding the emperor as a minister?
(2) Pay attention to talents and recruit talents.
Economically: (1) Recruit exiled farmers to reclaim land.
(2) Organizing soldiers to plow fields (plowing fields)
Transition: Unifying the North? Unify the world (courseware shows "looking at the sea")
Teacher-student interaction: Cao Cao wrote a poem "Looking at the Sea". Do you remember? Let's enjoy watching the sea and read together.
1. What is Cao Cao's ambition after reunifying the north? This poem was written by Cao Cao when he chased Yuan Shao's residual strength and came to the coast of Bohai Sea. He climbed Jieshi Mountain, overlooking it, facing the vast sea, and felt it. Shows the heroic spirit of Cao Cao.
Are there any obstacles to realize his ambition? (Liu Bei, Sun Quan)
(2) Battle of Red Cliffs
1 The situation before Battle of Red Cliffs.
In 208 AD, Cao Cao led 200,000 troops south. At that time, Liu Bei and Sun Quan in the south were strong and weak. How should I call?
2. The story of the Battle of Chibi.
Play the video "Battle of Red Cliffs" to let students feel the fierce war scene; Combined with Battle of Red Cliffs's cartoon explanation, let the students summarize the basic historical facts of Battle of Red Cliffs (time, place, warring sides, results, characteristics and influence).
Teacher-student interaction: Ask students to share the historical allusions of Battle of Red Cliffs, and the teacher will guide and summarize them.
3. Discussion: Battle of Red Cliffs, why did Cao Cao fail?
Sun Liu Lianjun: Lian Heng is strategically appropriate; Fire attack, proper tactics; Using climatic and geographical conditions
Cao Cao: Objectively speaking, officers and men come from the north; Subjective, complacent because of strength; Relaxed, underestimating the enemy; Tactical error
4. Summarize and compare the Battle of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs.
5. Take history as a mirror: don't be proud, be good at learning from and adopting other people's suggestions, and be measured in doing things.
Second, third, the world speaks of the Three Kingdoms.
Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated by Cao Cao and fled back to the north. In 220 AD, Cao Cao died of illness. In the same year, his son Cao Pi abolished the Han Emperor, the Eastern Han Dynasty perished, and Wei State was established, with Luoyang as its capital.
1, the formation of the Three Kingdoms.
The animation shows the formation of the Three Kingdoms.
List the time, capital and founder of the Three Kingdoms. It is emphasized that Cao Cao came from the late Eastern Han Dynasty, not the Three Kingdoms.
2. Economic development of the three countries
Show the economic development of the three countries through pictures to help students distinguish the unique development of the three countries.
3. Cooperative exploration: Is it progress or retrogression from the melee separatist regime in the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the tripartite confrontation?
Although the three countries are divided into three parts, they have achieved partial reunification, which is conducive to the recovery and development of the local economy and laid the foundation for national reunification. Compared with the melee of warlords in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the production was seriously damaged, which is a historical progress.
Third, the waves are all on the hero.
Taking Cao Cao as an example, by comparing historical facts with plots described in literary works, students' ability to distinguish historical facts from literary creation can be improved.
1, from the romance of the Three Kingdoms to Cao Cao in the eyes of celebrities, and then to Cao Cao in your eyes, the teacher finally summed it up. Help students distinguish between historical facts and literary creation.
2. Students can play freely and choose their favorite figures from the Three Kingdoms for evaluation.
Summary after class
Summarize the content of this lesson by writing on the blackboard.
Write on the blackboard.
Teaching objectives of teaching design in Three Kingdoms.
(1) Knowledge: Through the study of this course, students can systematically understand the scientific and technological achievements and medical achievements in the Qin and Han Dynasties, including the invention and improvement of papermaking, nine chapters of arithmetic and seismograph, Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo.
⑵ Ability: By guiding students to observe the paper-making diagram of Han Dynasty, they can understand the paper-making process, and by guiding students to analyze its principle according to the seismograph profile, they can cultivate their observation and imagination ability. Instruct students to summarize the leading scientific and technological achievements in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and cultivate students' comprehensive inductive ability.
Emotions, attitudes, values and goals
(3) Emotional attitudes and values
By studying the science and technology in the Qin and Han Dynasties, students were given a preliminary education on the history of science and technology, which made them realize the leading position of China's science and technology in the world at that time and the great contribution of the Chinese nation to human civilization, thus inspiring their patriotic feelings and national pride, and learning from the spirit of Zhang Heng and Zhang Zhongjing who were indifferent to fame and fortune and admired science.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
The focus of teaching is the formation of Cao Cao's unification of the North, Battle of Red Cliffs and the Three Kingdoms.
How to distinguish the difference between historical materials and literary works (by evaluating Cao Cao as a breakthrough).
teaching tool
Multimedia tools
teaching process
First, import
Transition: What do you think your textbook is made of? Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, and it is also an important cultural achievement in Qin and Han Dynasties. Let's learn about the prosperous Qin and Han cultures together.
Revealing Theme: Prosperous Qin and Han Culture
Self-study (or preview)
1. Please say four great inventions of ancient china.
2. When was paper first invented? Who improved papermaking?
3. What mathematical monographs were there in Qin and Han Dynasties?
What was the earliest instrument for measuring earthquake orientation and who invented it? What's the situation?
5. What are the main medical achievements of Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo?
Teacher: Supervise students to read the text quickly, explore independently and complete the questions.
Student: (1) Read and mark the text quickly according to the questions and find out the difficulties.
(2) Questioning and dispelling doubts among students in groups.
Cooperative exploration, exhibition and exchange
Discuss, explore, communicate and break through difficulties.
Question 1: Before paper was invented, what did people use as writing materials? What are the characteristics?
Thinking: tortoise shells, bronzes, silk books, bamboo slips, etc.
High cost, expensive, inconvenient and difficult to popularize.
Third, the formation of the three countries.
The title of the country was established when the capital was established.
Cao Pi attacked Luoyang in Wei Dynasty in 220.
Shu Guo 22 1 Liu Bei Chengdu
In 222, Sun Quan established the State of Wu.
Three regimes with equal strength, but now neither side has the conditions to unify the whole country. In order to defeat each other, they took a series of measures to resume production in their own territory.
Economic development of country name
the Kingdom of Wei（220-265 A.D）
Shuni virus
Wu dialect
It is emphasized that the tripartite confrontation between the Three Kingdoms began in 220, and the tripartite confrontation between Cao Pi and Wei was finally formed in 222, when Sun Quan built Wu.
Expand and popularize idioms, allusions and Chinese characters.
1, character concatenation
Cao Cao Zhuge Liang
Liu Bei Xu you
Sun quan Zhou Yu
2. Late Eastern Han Dynasty? Idioms and allusions in the Three Kingdoms period include: three sworn vows in Taoyuan, three visits to the thatched cottage, borrowing arrows from a straw boat, burning in Chibi, everything is ready except for the east wind, empty city plan and so on.
Summary after class
Through the study of history class, we know that Cao Cao deserves to be an outstanding politician, strategist and writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, after studying history, we should pay attention to the difference between historical facts and literary works and treat history with a true and realistic attitude. Thank you for your cooperation! Class is over!