Then we should master the types of all modifiers, how to use each punctuation mark, and common sorting methods, such as: according to logic, finding pronouns and so on. The texts in the class should be memorized first this summer, and we must ensure that we master them all. To read ancient Chinese, we must first master the words in senior high school classes, and in addition, we should strengthen our practice and accumulate unfamiliar words, some of which should be guessed. Your teacher must have talked about the reading skills of modern Chinese reading. If you don't know, I have another one here. I don't know if it applies to you.
Modern reading problem-solving skills
The principle of solving problems in modern text reading is: "solving problems by text"; Answer according to the score (if the score is multiple, it is best to mark 1 and 2, and if you are afraid of losing the score, you may wish to use n+ 1, except for general questions with word limit); Try to use the original sentence, if you can't use the original sentence, the answer clue must be nearby; Carefully examine the questions, don't read them wrong, and don't miss them.
(A), narrative reading
First, words: When answering questions, you must find the answer before and after the words in the paragraph or find the basis for the answer.
(1) can understand the surface meaning, deep meaning and implication of words, and can understand the effect of their expression;
(2) Be able to determine the content of the text: it usually appears on it, and find out whether the descendants enter the original text to see if it is smooth and reasonable.
Secondly, the article concludes:
Content summary (summarize the story in one sentence): people and things (a, who does what, b what)
Topic summary: "What does this article reflect (personality, author's feelings, philosophy of life) through someone doing something?"
The function of the main sentence: it runs through the whole text in structure and points out the center in content.
Third, narrative clues and functions?
Clues: (1) key people (2) key events (3) key events (4) time (5) place (6) author's emotion.
Function: Run through the whole text, organically link the characters and events in the text, and make the article clear.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) narrative order and function?
(1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative has a beginning and an end, which is clear and impressive.
(2) Flashback: It aroused suspense ..., made the story more tortuous and enhanced the readability of the article.
(3) Interpolation function: supplementary explanation ... makes the characters richer and the center more prominent.
The function of interspersed discussion in narrative: the structure connects the preceding with the following; The content is the crowning touch.
6. The main functions of paragraph sentences in the article are as follows: (It must be answered from two aspects: content and structure)
1. Structurally, it follows the top, opens the bottom, guides the bottom (guides the bottom), connects the front and the bottom (transitions), and takes care of the front (starts).
2. Content: Start with the topic, express feelings, highlight the center, deepen the theme, and make the finishing point.
The function of sentences in the text;
1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;
2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;
3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)
3. Writing methods: atmosphere rendering, supporting objects to express feelings, seeing the big from the small, setting suspense, paving the way for the later article, borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting objects to express feelings and so on.
Symbolize, support things and express will: make expression euphemistic, implicit, profound and touching.
The function of environmental description: explain the time and place and reveal the background of the times; Render the atmosphere, contrast the characters' emotions, express the characters' personality, and promote the development of the plot.
When you answer, you must combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant statements of environmental description in this paper. Taking Kong Yiji as an example, the introduction to the layout and characters of Xianheng Hotel at the beginning is a description of the social environment, revealing the strict social hierarchy at that time, reflecting the cold snobbery between people and paving the way for the protagonist's appearance.
The role of environmental description. We can judge from the following six situations: whether to highlight the mood of the characters, whether to render the atmosphere, whether to set the background, whether to highlight the character, whether to deepen the theme and whether to promote the development of the plot.
VII. Evaluation Perception Course
Evaluation: Yes, Agree or Disagree, Good? Comprehension: Put forward opinions on the problem in combination with the theme and personal life experience.
Enlightenment comes from the original text; Evaluation shows attitude and reason. Pay special attention to whether to answer all questions by giving examples or combining them with practice.
Feel how to answer questions in the enlightenment class;
1. Grasp the center of the paragraph, understand the meaning of the paragraph, and contact the center to answer.
2. Contact yourself or the actual situation of society to arouse feelings.
3. Pay attention to three beauties in choosing words and making sentences: use ancient poems and famous sayings; Appropriate use of rhetorical devices such as contrastive metaphor and parallelism; Use idioms.
4. Stealing the column: reinterpret the author's experience and views in this article in his own words.
Sentence flavor answer method:
Word flavor answer method:
A understand the emotional color of parts of speech and try to figure out the emotions expressed in words.
B. analyze rhetoric and understand the image and meaning of words.
Sentence flavor answer method:
A. See if there is philosophy in that sentence: if there is philosophy, you can experience it from the enlightenment it brings you.
B. Look at the sentence structure (different sentence expressions have different effects): the declarative sentence has a stable tone and is tepid; Asking questions can attract readers' curiosity and create suspense; Rhetorical questions can strengthen the tone; Exclamation sentences can express strong feelings; The parallelism is profound and magnificent;
C from the perspective of rhetoric, metaphor makes the meaning easy to understand and concretize; Exaggeration can highlight the characteristics of things; Personification can visualize things; Contrast gives a vivid impression; Satire is humor, satire.
Answer: I think ... lies in ... it shows. ...
Eight, know the commonly used methods of describing characters and understand their functions.
Methods include: ① positive description: language, action, psychology, behavior and appearance; ② Side (indirect) description: other people or things; ③ Detailed description; (4) the environment sets off the characters' emotions. ⑤ Emotional tendency of using words. The color of praise and criticism.
The function is to reveal the characters' personalities and show their inner world and mental outlook.
The role of non-hero in the text: contrast and contrast make the hero's personality more distinct and prominent.
Answer: This passage uses the description of …, shapes the image of … (if it is set off by profile description), shows the character of …, and embodies the spiritual quality of ….
Narrative language style: cordial and natural spoken language, humorous and ironic humor, passionate and provocative.
Ten, the role of people:
First person: enhanced the authenticity and appeal of the article.
The second person said: it is convenient for the author to communicate with the characters or readers in the text, which is particularly cordial and touching.
1 1. Types and answering methods of the judgment test indicated by demonstrative pronouns: (applicable to other styles)
1, common pronouns are: this, that, these, those, other, above, so, this ...;
2. Generally look forward;
3. After finding it, read it in the sentence where the pronoun is located to see if it is appropriate and fluent.
12. Appreciation of expression skills
Lyricism: arousing readers' * *, deepening the center and making the finishing point.
Explanation: Understand the ins and outs of things.
Description: immersive, lifelike
Discussion in narrative: point out the center and sublimate the theme
Narrator: It should be analyzed in combination with the specific language environment (for example, in the last lesson, young Franz saw "Prussian soldiers practicing on the grass behind the sawmill" on his way to school, which explained the background of the times. )
Answer: this passage adopts the expression of …, expressing the author's feelings for …, which plays a role in making readers …
Description methods include dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination; There are direct lyricism (direct expression of the mind) and indirect lyricism (through scenery lyricism, scenery lyricism, scenery blending, scenery lyricism, all scenery words are lyric words, etc. ).
(B), argumentative reading
First of all, the main methods to determine the central argument are:
The title should distinguish between theme and argument; Opening topic; The last topic ("So, after all, in a word"); And the summary of the argument.
Method:
1, the form and position of the argument: the argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's point of view and a relatively complete sentence in form. Location: ① the title, ② the beginning, ③ the end of the article, ④ during discussion (pay attention to the transitional sentence connecting the preceding with the following), and ⑤ the expression is not concentrated and needs to be summarized.
2. When there are no ready-made sentences to express arguments, although there are some difficulties, there are ways to follow: we need to extract the core of the article on the basis of accurate understanding of the full text, accurately judge and refine the author's views according to the topics and arguments and referring to the problems that the author wants to solve, and then summarize them in his own words.
3. It should be noted that in some articles, there are more than one sentence expressing the meaning of the central argument, and comparison is needed to find the most concise sentence.
Second, the examination of argumentation knowledge has the following types:
(1) Analysis argument. Argument substitution, whether an argument can prove similar arguments and explain the reasons, and cite the role of the argument.
② Supplementary arguments. Principle: it must be true; Be typical; Can prove this argument.
Method:
It depends on what kind of example you are asked to give, whether it is a celebrity or something else.
A, you can give celebrity examples, which are more convincing and show your knowledge, but you must write accurate people and things, and don't sell yourself short.
B, you can also cite examples of people, which can be compiled, but you should pay attention to realism and avoid over-exaggeration, so that people can know at a glance that it is compiled.
★ Answer method: people+examples+short comments.
(3) Summarize the content of the argument (specified number of words). Format: people (things)+subject characteristics (occurrence and development results)
(4) The order of exchanging arguments and deleting. (Often not interchangeable, there must be words and sentences before and after the argument)
⑤ Summarize the idea and content of the paragraph according to the argument.
Third, focus on the argumentation method and function of the article or paragraph?
Prove with examples
Reasoning (quoting): Quoting famous sayings to prove ... (viewpoint) makes reasoning more full, profound, authoritative and powerful.
Metaphorical argument: To use … as a metaphor for … a powerful argument.
Comparative argument: Fang … and … in all the comparisons, right and wrong are clear, right and wrong are clear, and the argument is rigorous, convincing and impressive. A strong argument
Note: When answering the function of argumentation method, consider the content first, and then consider it from the perspective of argumentation. Strong arguments are essential. When looking for an argument method, the order of analogy argument, contrast argument, example argument and reason argument can be foolproof.
Answer method: This paragraph (sentence) uses the argument method of …, and demonstrates … (argument), which seems to be … (benefit).
Fourth, the way of argumentation: Generally speaking, there are two ways of argumentation. There are three refutation methods: ① refutation point; 2 refute the argument; 3 refute the reasons.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Paragraph function of argumentative writing: structure plus content
The function of the beginning: ① Propose the topic or discussion content to pave the way for the following discussion; (2) make an argument.
The functions of the ending are as follows: ① Summarizing the full text, leading to or deepening the argument; (2) issued a call, put forward hopes and prospects.
Sixth, the most basic characteristics of argumentative language: accuracy and rigor.
Common test sites: understand the rigor and accuracy of words such as modification, restriction and emphasis; Understand the meaning of important sentences
Seven, open questions: understanding and feelings after writing and reading.
Eight, the role of quoting poetry stories: to enhance the interest, as an argument to demonstrate the argument, if at the beginning, it also leads to the topic (argument).
Explanatory reading
First, clearly explain the object and main contents: things (explain the object) or things (reasons, nature, solutions, etc. Phenomenon)
Second, how to grasp the characteristics of expository writing?
Starting with explaining the content of things, we can understand and summarize the characteristics of objects; Grasp the central sentence and key words.
Third, clearly explain the order. (1) chronological order (2) spatial order (3) logical order (a, total points; B, total-minute-total;
C, points-total)
Fourth, the beginning of the explanatory text has the following functions: ① Leading out the object of explanation; (2) lead to explain the content; (3) ask questions of explanation.
The ending function is as follows: ① Summarize the full text; ② Put forward some hopes, prospects and predictions.
Fifth, master the explanation method. What explanation methods are used? What's the role?
Mode: Method+Effect+Features
"the interpretation method of"
1 classification: explain ... separately.
2 Citation: Citation … highlights … not only enhances persuasiveness, but also enhances interest.
For example, vivid images show that ... enhance the interest of the article.
Explain: further explain ... so that readers can better understand ...
Explain the characteristics of … in detail to make the explanation more specific and convincing.
Definition: It reveals the essential characteristics of ... accurately and concisely.
Comparison: Comparing … with … highlights the characteristics of ….
Eight columns of figures: explain with specific data to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.
9. Chart: The characteristics of ... are explained in detail, which makes the explanation more concise and intuitive.
10. Imitation: It vividly shows that ... appears lively.
Sixth, realize the explanatory language.
Words that can be modified and restricted (such as: basically, about, comparative, average, rarely, mostly, more, maybe, often, then, mostly, mainly, almost ...) are deleted or replaced. Why?
Language accuracy class answer method:
1.What's so good about the word "××"?
★ Answer method: Use the word "××" to vividly (accurately) explain the characteristics of ...
2. Can the words added in the article be deleted? This topic is divided into four steps:
A: Judging, generally speaking, it cannot be deleted.
B: Explain the meaning of this word in this sentence and limit it in degree, state, nature and scope.
C comparison: to compare the difference between deleting and not deleting this word, we must analyze it in combination with specific sentences, meaning "……", which is not in line with reality and original intention.
There must be a sentence at the end of d: this reflects the rigor, accuracy and scientificity of the interpretation language.
★ Answer method: cannot be deleted. Because the word "××" means …, the meaning of the sentence after deletion becomes … which is inconsistent with the meaning of the text. It embodies the rigor, accuracy and scientificity of the explanation language.
7. Combine the content of the article, give examples, make suggestions, express opinions or imagine the future.
In mathematics, make sure the foundation must not be wrong, do more questions, and never ask the teacher and understand the questions. It is suggested to sort out a set of wrong questions. Doing too many questions will be counterproductive. Anyway, I basically don't review when I study mathematics, so I must learn to discover the rules by myself. Listen carefully in class. The following formula must be correct.
Sine theorem a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC=2R Note: where r represents the radius of the circumscribed circle of a triangle.
Cosine Theorem b2=a2+c2-2accosB Note: Angle B is the included angle between side A and side C..
The standard equation of a circle (x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2 Note: (A, B) is the center coordinate.
General equation of circle x2+y2+Dx+Ey+F=0 Note: D2+E2-4f > 0
Parabolic standard equation y2=2px y2=-2px x2=2py x2=-2py
Lateral area of a straight prism S=c*h lateral area of an oblique prism s = c' * h.
Lateral area of a regular pyramid S= 1/2c*h' lateral area of a regular prism S= 1/2(c+c')h'
The lateral area of the frustum of a cone S = 1/2(c+c')l = pi(R+R)l The surface area of the ball S=4pi*r2.
Lateral area of cylinder S=c*h=2pi*h lateral area of cone s =1/2 * c * l = pi * r * l.
The arc length formula l=a*r a is the radian number r > of the central angle; 0 sector area formula s= 1/2*l*r
Conical volume formula V= 1/3*S*H Conical volume formula V= 1/3*pi*r2h
Oblique prism volume V=S'L Note: where s' is the straight cross-sectional area and l is the side length.
Cylinder volume formula V=s*h cylinder V=pi*r2h
Two-angle summation formula sin (a+b) = sinacosb+cosasinbsin (a-b) = sinacosb-sinbcosa.
cos(A+B)= cosa cosb-Sina sinb cos(A-B)= cosa cosb+Sina sinb
tan(A+B)=(tanA+tanB)/( 1-tanA tanB)tan(A-B)=(tanA-tanB)/( 1+tanA tanB)
ctg(A+B)=(ctgActgB- 1)/(ctg B+ctgA)ctg(A-B)=(ctgActgB+ 1)/(ctg B-ctgA)
The angle doubling formula tan2a = 2tana/(1-tan2a) ctg2a = (ctg2a-1)/2ctga.
cos2a = cos2a-sin2a = 2 cos2a- 1 = 1-2 sin2a
Double angle formula:
sin(2α)=2sinα cosα
cos(2α)=cos^2(α)-sin^2(α)=2cos^2(α)- 1= 1-2sin^2(α)
tan(2α)=2tanα/[ 1-tan^2(α)]
As long as you work hard in senior three, it doesn't matter what the final result is. Finally, a word of caution: You must get enough sleep before the college entrance examination, and don't burn the midnight oil.