Bai Zhi: Pianist of Northern Song Dynasty, disciple of Master Huiri Zhong Yi, and disciple of Zhu Wenji. Regarding his piano skills, Ouyang Xiu once wrote in a poem: "Fuchiyama is long in water and profound in meaning, which Zhu Sixian has written for a long time." He also said that he can inherit the piano art: "I have heard about the piano for a long time, and I am often afraid of dying of old age and being lost." You can't say that you know everything today if you don't know what you can't see. The lingering sound seems to be cute, not to mention the biography of my son. "
Yihai: Pianist of the Northern Song Dynasty, an introductory disciple of Master Huiri Zhong Yi, and two disciples of Zhu Wenji. After mastering all the skills of Zhong Yi, Yihai went to Fahua Mountain in Yuezhou (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) to practice the piano. "It's so wonderful not to go down the mountain for ten years and not to let go of the strings day and night." After Yi Hai became famous, many people learned piano from him, but no one could catch up with him. "The world is full of scholars from the sea, and nothing is perfect." Regarding his own piano skills, Shen Kuo said in Meng Qian's Notes: "The art of the sea lies not in sound, but in the desolation of its rhyme, which is beyond the reach of sound and human beings." He plays the piano with his own unique rhyme, as he himself said: "If clouds are in space, they will be rolled up by the wind, and everything will be beautiful without losing the interest of nature." He advocated that the change of playing speed should be: "If the stars are not chaotic, if the water does not flow." Then the whole monk is a student of Yihai, and he wrote the rhythm of fingering the whole monk, which is included in Qinlu. This paper expounds the playing theory of "if the stars are not in disorder, the clouds are flowing", puts forward the handling methods of "responding from above, focusing on responding, from long to short, from late", and analyzes the playing methods of different genres of piano music works.
Jiang Kui (1155-1221), a native of Poyang, Jiangxi Province, was named "Baishi Taoist" because he lives in Tiaoxi Village in the south of Wucheng County, Huzhou, and is adjacent to Yangshan Baishi Cave. Jiang Kui was a famous poet and musician in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is versatile, good at poetry and lyrics, good at calligraphy, can play the flute and piano, and is proficient in music. Jiang Baishi's father was a local official in the Song Dynasty, but when he was a teenager, his father died. He has been living in his sister's house in Hanyang for nearly 20 years. When Jiang Baishi was young, he was brilliant, his lyrics were excellent, and he was proficient in melody, so his lyrics and music were unique, and he also had unique research on music theory. His handwriting is also good, but he failed many times, so he was frustrated all his life, wandering the rivers and lakes and making friends with poets. Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and Xin Qiji, the famous poets at that time, all attached great importance to him and gave him a lot of help economically. Jiang Kui often lives in their home, too. When Jiang Kui went to Fan Chengda's home, Fan was old and retired, and there were many musicians and singers at home. I lived in Fan's house for a few days, mainly writing songs and composing music for Fan to enjoy. Dimfragrance and thin shadow were made at this time. It is said that Fan Chengda liked these two songs very much, so he gave him Xiaohong, a singer with excellent colors and art. Jiang Baishi took Xiaohong home and passed by Suzhou East. At the end of the Song Dynasty, it crossed Songling Road and connected with Yanbo 14th Bridge. "
Jiang Baishi lived in poverty all his life and died in Hangzhou.
Guo Mian: Zi Chu Wang, a native of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province, was a famous violinist at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and he was a great pioneer in Zhejiang violin style. Chuwang Guo was poor all his life, and Jiatai and Kathy lived every year (120 1- 1207). In Lin 'an (present-day Hangzhou), Zhang Yan, a bureaucrat who loves piano art, lives in the house of a public guest. Zhang Yan's house keeps all kinds of music books, which benefits Guo Mian a lot. 1207, left the Zhang family to live in seclusion.
In the Song Dynasty, several factions appeared within the Qin family, among which Guo Mian and his students, Xu and Mao Minzhong were called "Zhejiang School". He wrote a large number of Qin songs in his life, such as Xiaoxiang Yunshui, Pan Canglang, Autumn Wind and Walking on the Moon, among which Xiaoxiang Yunshui is the most famous.
Mao Xun: Zhong Min, a native of Yanling, Zhejiang Province, was a Zhejiang musician in the Southern Song Dynasty. Mao Xun was a beginner of Jiangxi School, and later he turned from Liu Zhifang to Zhejiang School. 124 1- 1258, Mao Xun was a hanger at the gate of Yang Zuan, the emperor's concubine, during which he created woodcut songs, fishing songs, mountain songs and other works. Shortly after Yuan Bing 1276 broke Lin 'an, Mao Xun went to Dadu (Beijing) to seek fame and wrote "Sightseeing Exercise" to praise the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, but he was unlucky and died in the building without being summoned. Take the woodcutter's song as the representative work.
Xiong Penglai: a famous musician and scholar in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. Xiong Penglai is quite ambitious. After the death of Song Dynasty, he refused to be an official in the Yuan Dynasty, preferring to be a county school teacher rather than play the piano and recite poems. After teaching, he chose the ancient poems in The Book of Songs and created more than 20 new songs, which were included in his Sepp. Existing works include Ge Tan, Kao Yun and July, with Ge Tan as the representative work. Zhu Zaiyu (1536- 16 10): a world-renowned royal musician and a native of Qushan. Zhu Zaiyu, a famous musician, philologist and mathematician in Ming Dynasty, was the ninth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty, and the son of Zhu Houan, king of Gong Zheng, the imperial clan of Ming Dynasty. According to legend, Zhu Zaiyu was born in 1 1 month, and his mother Gao Fei was born in dystocia. Just in front of the palace, a phoenix flew in and chrysanthemums sang. Gao Fei was very happy and gave birth to Zhu Zaiyu. After Zhu Zaiyu was born, he often cried, especially at night, which disturbed his family. One day, Zhu Zaiyu cried again. His father, King Gong Zheng, was bored, so he played the flute. Zhu Zaiyu stopped crying as soon as he heard the flute. From then on, the flute became his pet. There is also a story about Zhu Zaiyu's reading. It is said that his uncle He Tang, an official of the Ministry of Education, built a "Jingxian Academy" in Swan Chi Pan, Hanoi County to recruit disciples after he retired in his later years. The children who come to take the exam are accompanied by their parents, and there is an endless stream. Zhu Zaiyu went alone. He Tang was surprised and asked him why. Zhu Zaiyu's clear voice replied: "There are parents at home and teachers at school. How can you say that you are alone? " He Tang liked it as soon as he heard it, so he asked him how old he was. He said, "Boys are born in August, when the moon is full. If he is ten, he will be three. " The signature is "Lele". He Tang thought for a moment and then said, "The little urchin is seven and a half years old. He takes pleasure as his first goal, is willing to be neutral and straightforward, and will be happy in Guanghua in the coming year. " He Tang appreciated Zhu Zaiyu's talent very much, so he devoted his life's knowledge to each other. Zhu Zaiyu studied astronomy and arithmetic with He Tang in his early years. In Jiaqing 19, his father was framed and imprisoned, and Zhu Zaiyu was also implicated. He left Wang Fu in 19, built another cabin and lived alone, devoted himself to studying music, law, mathematics and calendar. Later, his father's grievances were cleared, and he refused to inherit the throne after seven visits. With the approval of the emperor, he and his son Zhu enjoy the salaries of his prince and grandchildren for life.
After years of research, Zhu Zaiyu has written more than 20 books, but when he dedicated his years of research results to the court at the age of 7 1 year, he was shelved and nobody cared.
Tang Yingzeng: Pizhou native, posthumous title "Tang Pipa", a famous northern pipa player after Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. According to Wang Youding's Biography of Pipa in Tang Dynasty, Tang Ying was poor all his life, unmarried all his life, and extremely filial to his mother. When I was young, I was very sensitive to music. I cried when I heard this song. When I was learning songs, I cried after singing. My mother asked him why he was so sad. He said that he was moved by this song. Tang Ying joined the army in Jiayu, Zhangye and Saquan in his early years and was familiar with his military career. When he played Chu Han (that is, flying daggers), he was very profound.
Xu Shangying, alias Qingshan, was born in Loudong (Taicang), Jiangsu Province, and was a famous pianist in the late Ming Dynasty. Xu Shangying studied piano since childhood, and then joined Yushan School (Yushan School was an important piano school at that time). I took the martial arts exam twice, but I was not appreciated. Although he was born in Yushan School, he learned from others and made great contributions to the piano research of Yushan School. He is known as "Bole in this world". Twenty-four Cases of Qin Le (namely, Xishan Qin Le Case), written before the 14th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (164 1), inherited and developed the thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism, and put forward the general aesthetic principles and standards of guqin performance art, which had a great influence on the piano world in Qing Dynasty.
Zhuang Zhenfeng: Zidie 'an, a native of Sanshan, was a famous pianist in the early Qing Dynasty and studied under Xu Shangying. Zhuang Zhenfeng is not limited to Yushan school, but also adopts the strengths of ancient Zhejiang school and Zhongzhou school, and has certain artistic attainments. Zhuang Zhenfeng composed fourteen piano pieces with their own characteristics, the masterpiece of which is Autumn Wind in Wu Ye.
Jiang (1639- 1695): Zi, a famous pianist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was born in Puyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang. He studied piano under Zhenfeng and Xuzhou in Jinling Qinjiazhuang. In the 15th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1676), Jiang became a monk in yongfu temple. Later, he took refuge in Nagasaki, Japan, and brought the music scores of China's Songxian Pavilion and Qin Jing. He was warmly received by the Kanto shogunate and was honored as "Master Gao Dong". In Japan, Jiang not only engaged in Buddhist research, but also introduced Chinese guqin art to the Japanese, and created piano music such as music, music, music, flowers and so on, among which the most influential one was.
Xu Qi: The word is big; His son Xu Jun, the more the word; Both father and son were famous artists in Kang Yong period (1662- 1735). Xu Qi and his son traveled all over the country and visited famous teachers all over the country, carefully digging biographies of various schools and processing traditional piano music. On the basis of attaching importance to tradition, they pay more attention to innovation, which makes them make great progress in image portrayal and artistic conception creation than the original songs (such as Cave Dawn, Mo Zi's typhoid silk, Xiaoxiang Shuiyun and Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia), and they play. When dealing with traditional music, Xu Jun often uses different artistic techniques according to the specific situation of music to make it more vivid. Therefore, his "Wuzhizhai Qinpu" was highly praised by Qin family in Qing Dynasty.
Hua (1787- 1859) was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, and was a pipa player in the Qing Dynasty. The True Biography of Pipa, compiled by Hua Yu during Jiaqing's reign (18 18), was the first officially published collection of pipa's music in China, which had a far-reaching impact on the popularization and dissemination of pipa in later generations.
Petrifaction Spectrum includes 62 pipa ditties and 6 Daqu songs (biography of Chen Mufu from Zhejiang School in the south and biography of Wang Junxi from Zhili School in the north), which are Christina, Your Legend, House of Flying Daggers, Overlord's Dismantling, Moon Height and Puan Mantra respectively, and the scores are annotated by Gongchi. Hua is an excellent pipa player. He founded Wuxi School, the earliest modern pipa school in China, because of Fahrenheit Spectrum. The development of pipa art in Wuxi, Jiangnan and even the north has been influenced by Fahrenheit and its music score. In addition, Hua also compiled a famous ditty "Singing through the Cloud Pavilion", also known as "Reading through the Cloud Pavilion", and wrote ten ditties such as "Three Yang Kai Tai", "Ruan Ping Diao" and "Wu Ban Mei" which have been popular since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and also recorded the rhyme and techniques of ditty singing.
Li Fangyuan: Born in an ominous year, Pinghu, Zhejiang, is a pipa player of Pinghu School. Li Fangyuan went into business, and his family played the pipa for five generations. He had contacts with many famous pipa players at that time, and his playing skills were also very high, and his recording and arrangement were widely circulated. The newly edited Thirteen Sets of Pipa Daqu of North and South School (Li Pu for short) was published in 1895. Some songs can't be found in Fahrenheit's soundtrack, and they are also very meticulous in marking and fingering. Park Xuezhai (1893 ~ 1966): Guqin player. Born into a royal family in the Qing Dynasty. Park Xuezhai loved literature and art since childhood, and began to devote himself to the research and study of Chinese painting, calligraphy and folk music in 19 1. When I was a teenager, I studied guqin from Jia, a disciple of the famous guqin player Huang Mian at that time. Later, he changed to play other musical instruments such as Sanxian, and often participated in performances until his later years. The piano is exquisite and the style is free and easy. After liberation, he served as vice president of Guqin Research Institute and special performer of National Music Research Institute.
Guan Pinghu (1895 ~ 1967): Guqin performer. Born in Suzhou, Jiangsu, born in an artistic family in Beijing. Guan Pinghu studied piano painting with his father since childhood. Later, I worshipped Yang Zongji as a teacher. When I returned to Suzhou to visit Tianping Mountain at the age of twenty-eight, I met a monk, Wu Cheng, who had excellent piano skills. After Wu Cheng's guidance, my piano skills have made great progress. Later, he learned the flowing water of Sichuan school from Qin Daochang in Shandong, and became famous from then on. Its playing style is simple and vigorous. The music is delicate, vivid and charming. On the gold record of American space probe, Guan Pinghu played "Running Water", looking for a new "bosom friend" in the vast universe. After the founding of New China, Guan Pinghu was hired as an associate researcher of the Chinese Folk Music Society. Experts engaged in the research and arrangement of guqin, and achieved remarkable results. The ancient music "Guangling San" and "Youlan", which has become absolutely famous, reappeared after he finished playing the music. In addition, Hu Jia, Xiao Hu Jia, Huo, Ti, Chang Qing, Xiao Qing, Li Sao and Snow White are also arranged according to his score. There is textual research on ancient fingering.
Zhang Ziqian: A Guqin Player of Guangling School. 1899 was born in Yangzhou. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, Zhang Ziqian began to learn guqin from Sun Shaotao, the predecessor of Guangling Qin School, and mastered the tracks such as Pingsha Wild Goose, Three Alleys of Plum Blossom and Longxiangcao. /kloc-settled in Shanghai in October, 1924, and initiated the organization "Today's Qinyu Society" with Peng Zhiqing and Cha Fuxi. The following year, he organized "Shanghai Branch of Qin Yu Society Today", organized performances, radio broadcasts and publicized Guqin music. After liberation, Zhang Ziqian was appointed as the guqin player of the Shanghai National Orchestra, and the ensemble with Sun Yude's Qin and Xiao was called the Pearl League. Its playing style is vigorous and powerful, and it inherits the characteristics of Guangling Qinpai. The rhythm is relatively free and the timbre is flexible. 1959, worked as a guqin teacher in the middle school attached to Shanghai Conservatory of Music. The first record of guqin, co-edited with Cha Fuxi and Shen Caonong, is a beginner's guide to guqin.
Wu Jinglue: Guqin player. 1907 was born in Changshu, Jiangsu. Wu Jinglue loved folk music when he was a teenager. He studied under Zhou Shaomei and Zhao, studied pipa divertimento and Jiangnan silk and bamboo, and then participated in the "Today Society" activities. 1956 Composed the piano music Victory Exercise, which was successfully performed in the first National Music Week. Artistic originality, sometimes lyrical, gentle, sometimes passionate, ups and downs, seemingly disorganized, is called "Wu Pai" in the piano world. The main repertoires are: plum blossom three lanes, fisherman's question and answer, Xiaoxiang Shuiyun, Hujia eighteen beats, Guangling San, high mountains, flowing water, Yangchun, snow and other dozens of exercises. Wu Jinglue has been engaged in the exploration, arrangement and research of ancient music scores and music for a long time, and has compiled the teaching materials of lyre. He is currently teaching at the Central Conservatory of Music, and is the president of the Beijing Guqin Research Association in China.
Yao Bingyan (192 1 ~ 1983): Guqin player, born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Yao Bingyan taught himself erhu and sanxian. 1944 studied piano with Xu, a famous guqin player from Zhejiang School. His performance style is steady and subtle, and he is good at playing songs such as High Mountain, Xiaoxiang Water Cloud, Pingsha Wild Goose and Fisherman's Question and Answer. Later, after moving to Shanghai, Yao Bingyan attached great importance to playing ancient music, calling it "traveling in the artistic conception of various ancient songs" and chose to play the music. He wrote Youlan, Guangling San, Xuan Mo, Lonely Pavilion Meeting God and Qu Yuan's Crossing in his life. His translation of The Drunkard won wide acclaim.
Sun Guisheng: Guqin and flute player, 1937 was born in Shanghai. When Sun Guisheng was young, he studied under the famous performer Mr. Ma Qisheng, a bamboo player in Jiangnan Water Town, and was good at flute and Xiao. 65438-0956 Director of Wind Department of China Film Orchestra. From 65438 to 0959, he studied under Mr. Cha Fuxi, a famous guqin player, and later under Mr. Zhang Ziqian, a master of Guangling School, and Mr. Wu, a master of Yushan School, which won the attention of the three masters. Piano art has its uniqueness.
From 65438 to 0962, Sun Guisheng studied China's music theory from the famous lawyer Pan Huaisu, specializing in temperament. Mr. Sun Guisheng has been engaged in film music for more than 30 years, recorded hundreds of films and TV music, and participated in various performances as a soloist of flute and guqin. In addition, he is also engaged in music arrangement and creation, and won the second prize of the 3rd National Music Competition and the 1st Jiangnan Silk and Bamboo Competition. After 1985, he visited and performed abroad many times.