Using remote sensing technology to detect lake boundaries, water temperature and ice conditions, and identify lake pollution and sediment movement in shallow lakes; (3) Nuclear technology, which is used to track sediment movement, analyze lake sediments and detect reservoir leakage; (4) Electronic technology, used for lake investigation and measurement. Modern lake hydrology should strengthen the basic theoretical research of hydrological mixing and hydrological balance to clarify the internal relationship of lake hydrological phenomena; Improve the observation and calculation accuracy of water balance elements; Popularize and apply new technologies; Take the lake as a system, understand the relationship between various factors, study the environmental effects of the lake, and protect, develop and utilize the lake water resources.
Mapping lakes and reservoirs with satellite images of resources can establish a lake information system, which is a new way for multivariate analysis of lake remote sensing, an important guarantee for updating lake data, and has many application functions.
In the investigation of geographical distribution of lakes and reservoirs, the basic features such as the location, shape and size of lakes and other water bodies can be marked through the geo-analysis of satellite photos, whether in alpine regions, vast desert regions or sparsely populated border areas. The purpose of establishing lake database is to open up a new technical way for water resources investigation.
The hydrochemical composition, salinity, water quality and water temperature of lakes can be qualitatively studied from the characteristics of satellite images, and can also be quantitatively analyzed in combination with relevant survey data on the ground to update and correct hydrological elements such as lakes, reservoirs and swamp depressions on the map. With the support of the lake information system, it is a multi-,fast, good and economical method to update the map by using resource satellite photos. This has a good effect on the map modification and supplement of the elements with rapid changes in land features such as the fluctuation of lakes and the construction and expansion of reservoirs.
Satellite remote sensing images are periodic, macroscopic and timely. Therefore, using remote sensing technology to investigate and map lakes and reservoirs has the advantages of rapidity and real-time. Therefore, the development of lake geographic information system and real-time monitoring of lake water body have broad application prospects.
Resource satellites can play a unique role in the protection, development and utilization of lake resources. The lake is a multi-functional resource pool, and people's continuous development and demand for it have led to the change and even deterioration of the lake ecological environment. The photos obtained by the resource satellite can convey the information of lake reclamation, lake shrinkage, lake ecosystem destruction and so on at any time, which can attract the attention of relevant departments and take measures to actively protect lake resources.
Since the late 1980s, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out a series of research on lake database-lake information system, and accumulated a wealth of lake information, which was published online in the late 1990s.