The Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform points out that teachers should encourage students to actively participate, be diligent and eager to explore, cultivate students' ability to acquire new knowledge, collect and process information, analyze and solve problems, and cultivate students' ability to abstract practical problems in life into mathematical models on the basis of existing experience, so as to realize students' all-round development. Junior high school is a critical period in which students' ability is gradually formed. Therefore, in junior high school mathematics teaching, it is more important to cultivate students' mathematical thinking ability and really improve their quality.
First, the mathematical space imagination ability
Spatial imagination in mathematics teaching is the effective integration of students' logical ability, skills and experience. The cultivation of spatial imagination ability is not only an important part of junior high school geometry learning, but also closely related to the improvement of students' thinking ability and intellectual development.
In junior high school mathematics teaching, there are the following requirements for students' spatial imagination:
1. Familiar with simple geometric figures, you can draw them yourself, you can form simple composition elements by yourself, you can clearly know the composition and position of each element, and you can clearly analyze complex figures.
2. According to a three-dimensional figure, you can imagine the prototype of the object.
3. Be able to think about the basic characteristics of graphics according to graphics.
Strategies of cultivating students' spatial imagination ability in junior high school mathematics teaching under the new curriculum standard
The reform of new curriculum standards puts forward higher requirements for junior high school mathematics teaching. To cultivate students' spatial imagination ability, we should not only improve students' observation ability and perception ability, but also analyze images carefully, thus enriching the appearance, and also train students' spatial imagination ability. The following introduces how to cultivate students' spatial imagination ability under the new curriculum standard.
1. Solve the problem that students are difficult to get started. The cultivation of spatial imagination ability is the key and difficult point in junior high school mathematics teaching. Therefore, students should consciously cultivate this ability when they come into contact with mathematics to solve the problem of difficulty in getting started. Only by laying a good foundation can they learn better. Spatial phenomenon ability is more related to geometry. Therefore, when teaching geometry knowledge, students must really understand the concept of geometry, which is also the basis of cultivating logical ability. In teaching, teachers should guide students to analyze concepts, and then understand the essence of concepts, and help students form a systematic understanding, so as to better improve the knowledge structure. Teachers can show students all kinds of physical models. Through this kind of sensory understanding, they can lay a good foundation for the cultivation of spatial imagination and better stimulate students' imagination and thinking ability.
2. Combine physical objects with students. Perception is the foundation of imagination. Therefore, only when we really have our own perception of objective things can we process a large number of perceptual materials and then understand this objective thing, which is also the activity process of spatial imagination. Therefore, in order to better improve students' spatial imagination ability, it is necessary to improve students' perception ability. Using physical model and combining students' own work is an effective means to improve their perception ability. In teaching, teachers can teach new concepts with the help of various physical models, such as the study of figures such as cylinders, circles and cones, which can make students observe the models carefully and then find out the characteristics of these figures themselves, thus cultivating their observation ability. Meanwhile, students should be allowed to make these models by themselves. In the production process, students' spatial imagination can be effectively cultivated by observing the physical model.
3. Use the combination of numbers and shapes to cultivate the ability of spatial imagination. Spatial imagination ability is not limited to geometry learning, but also can be cultivated in algebra learning. In view of the strict and standardized characteristics of algebra, students' spatial imagination ability can be trained through the combination of numbers and shapes. The combination of numbers and shapes means that the language or a formula that expresses the characteristics of things is combined with figures and positions, so as to establish a connection, and the process of establishing this connection is the process of thinking activities, that is, the process of improving spatial imagination. Therefore, in teaching, teachers can use the method of combining numbers and shapes to construct knowledge, so as to cultivate students' spatial imagination ability more effectively. For example, when explaining "coordinate system", students can observe the images of different functions and think about the relationship between the two images. In this way, through solving problems, students can be taught the thinking method of combining numbers and shapes, which is conducive to the improvement of students' spatial imagination.
4. Cultivate students' spatial imagination with the help of multimedia technology. The popularization of multimedia technology provides an effective way for teaching, and the cultivation of spatial imagination ability can also be carried out with the help of multimedia technology. Multimedia has the characteristics of intuition, vividness and image. Combining words, graphics, sound and animation is of great help to mathematics teaching. In junior high school mathematics teaching, we can use multimedia to teach abstract concepts and the relationship between numbers and shapes, and display them with vivid and intuitive images, which can better mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and cultivate their spatial imagination ability.
The cultivation of spatial imagination is not only an important content in mathematics teaching, but also a driving force to cultivate students' thinking and creativity. At the same time, the cultivation of spatial imagination ability can also develop students' intelligence, improve students' comprehensive quality, and enable students to find their own interests and study actively in mathematics learning. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to cultivating students' spatial imagination and other abilities, which is also the requirement of new curriculum standards for mathematics teaching. Of course, the cultivation of spatial imagination is not a simple matter, and teachers need to infiltrate it into teaching.