The second largest city in China is Hubei Province. Located in the southeast of Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River. Area 1850 km2. Population 136438+00000, mainly Han nationality. It turned out to be a lime kiln in Daye County, Huangshi Port and a riverside market town of Fu Daoshi. Later, with the rise of mining industry, Stone Huang Zhen was co-located at 1948, named after Lime Kiln and Huangshi Port. 1950, Huangshi is set as a provincial city. Huangshi City is a new mining and metallurgy city, mainly engaged in mining, smelting and building materials. Known as "Jiangnan cornucopia", it is rich in iron, copper, coal and limestone. Daye Nonferrous Metals Company is one of the six copper bases in China. "Hong Kong cake" is a traditional name. One of the cradles of bronze culture in China, the site of Tonglushan ancient copper mine in Daye was excavated. The main scenic spots are Mount Cisse, Feiyun Cave, Orient Mountain and Cihu.
Orient Mountain
Orient Mountain, known as "the first mountain in the three provinces of Chu", is located in the lower land area of Huangshi, which is mainly composed of three main peaks: Manqiannao, Ranchennao and Zoumazhai, with an area of Fiona Fang 18 square kilometers.
According to legend, Dong Fangshuo, a doctor of the Western Han Dynasty, was frustrated in his official career and wandered the Jianghu. About 100 BC, Gaiwu lived here, and Orient Mountain was named after his surname. Orient Mountain has picturesque scenery, pleasant climate and rich tourism resources. There are lush plants in the mountains. More than 2000 species of herbaceous plants have been identified, and the forest coverage rate has reached 90%. Among the bamboo forests, 1200-year-old ginkgo stands proudly, leading the way; The eight ancient scenic spots, "The Taoist cave stops in the clouds, the iron ox lies lazy, the Lingquan Zhuoxi, the Zhou Shi holds high, the moon rushes to Zen Pass, the fairy walks in the sun shadow, the pine tree is inserted backwards, and the Bai Lianhua is frequently opened", which makes people linger. Orient Mountain Reservoir, which is known as "the mountain comes out of the Pinghu Lake", is sparkling and crystal clear, adding some aura to Orient Mountain.
Orient Mountain has a long history and a long history of Buddhist culture. Honghua Temple was built in the early years of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong and has been handed down for 73 generations. For thousands of years, Honghua Temple has produced many eminent monks. Three eminent monks came to Beijing one after another, were received by the emperors of the dynasty and presented with prizes. Become a Buddhism and Taoism in southeastern Hubei
Orient Mountain, located in the west of Huangshi City, consists of three main peaks: Zoumazhai, Manqiannao and Range Rover. The three peaks stand tall and have their own characteristics. Orient Mountain is not deep in trees, with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. There are many grasses and woody plants, and the forest coverage rate is over 90%. It is the largest forest area in Huangshi City.
Eight ancient landscapes, such as "Chanyong, Lingquan Zhuoxi and Daodong", have their own charms, which have nurtured beautiful and moving legends and attracted thousands of tourists. Orient Mountain has a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, a small town named "E" named after hunting equipment appeared on the banks of the Yangtze River in the Orient Mountain Mountains. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Fangshuo, a prodigy, lived here, built a house to collect medicine and make an alchemy, and gave it to the people. Orient Mountain was also named after his surname. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the king of Wu, made Wuchang his capital, and Orient Mountain became a battleground to defend the military center because of its danger. Zoumazhai was the camp guarded by the capital of Soochow in those days.
At present, Orient Mountain has become a tourist attraction integrating Buddhist culture and scenic tourism. 1997, Orient Mountain was approved by the provincial government as a provincial-level scenic spot, and in February 2003, it was rated as a national AA-level scenic spot.
Field center. The 22 large and small temples in Orient Mountain, represented by them, are scattered among the peaks and valleys, which constitute the unique Buddhist cultural characteristics of Orient Mountain. In recent decades, Orient Mountain has successfully held four temple fairs, and "Pray for World Peace Dafa" and "Teach Three Altars and Avoid Dafa", with tourists and believers all over the United States, Japan, Australia, Singapore and other countries 10 and more than 20 provinces, cities and regions such as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
Cisse, mt
Cisai Mountain Scenic Area is located in the south bank of the Yangtze River in the east of the city, with a planned total area of 0.495 square kilometers. The steep and beautiful natural landscape and numerous scenic spots of Mount Saisai are the main targets of this area, and the vicissitudes of the ancient city of Huangshi Daoshifu and ancient poetry are its important cultural connotations. Tourism resources are very rich and there are many scenic spots.
Mount Saisai, also known as Daoshi Fuji and Jitou Mountain, is176.5m above sea level and18.5km long. Historically, it has integrated ancient battlefields and scenic spots with its geographical location and steep terrain. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the founding of New China, there were more than 100 wars in Cisai Mountain. Scholars watched the morning and evening of Mount Cisse, wrote nearly 100 poems, and left many cliff carvings on the steep cliff. From May, 65438 to May, 0985, the municipal garden department began to carry out maintenance and construction on the tourist trail, promenade, Shangguan Pavilion, Taohua Pavilion, chain guardrail along the river, Taohua Ancient Cave, and Gugouyutai of Cisai Mountain, and the scenic spots were continuously developed and utilized.
[Taohua Ancient Cave] is located between the steep walls of the river on the north side of Mount Cisse. The cave is about 3 meters high, below the upper circle. It is shaped like the gate of a temple. The entrance 2 meters away is closed by stalactites. According to legend, Zhong Zhang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and his secluded fishing pond were places to rest or shelter from the wind and rain. The cave door is engraved with the words "Peach Blossom Ancient Cave". 1985 widened Yixian gorge, the only dangerous road leading to the ancient cave, and installed a 90-meter-long chain guardrail to ensure the safety of tourists. Under the cave is the ancient Diaoyutai.
There used to be many stone carvings such as Flying Boat, Aoyu Stone, Tiger and Leopard Pass, Longdong Cave, Yunlin Ao, Thousand Pagodas with Shock, Zhongya, Buddha's Palm, and some of them have faded with the years. On a 4-meter-high stone tablet on the banks of the Cisai Mountain, there are three Chinese characters "Cisai Mountain", with the square character 1 square meter, written by Zhu Qichang, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty. From here to the east, there is a stone carving of "Long Pan Hu Ju" by Ming Dynasty scholar Wu. Among the numerous stone carvings on the stone walls on both sides of Taohua Cave, three characters of "Cisai Mountain" written by contemporary calligrapher Chu Tunan are engraved on the cliff on the left side of the cave, each character is 5 meters square, which is very spectacular.
There is an iron pile on the right side of Taohua Cave, which is 8.2 cm high, 3 cm wide and 1 cm thick. There is a groove in the middle of the iron pile and a wedge next to it. Legend is the remains of King Wu and Sun Hao.
Longdong Temple, located at the foot of the east side of Mount Cisse, is the site of the Tang Dynasty. 1986 has been partially repaired. According to legend, there is a peony flower left over from the Ming Dynasty in the temple. A girl named Jia here, against her master's wishes, helped a poor scholar to go to Beijing to catch the exam and died. Famous scholars seek favors here. The girl borrowed peony flowers to show her innocence, making it white, fragrant and charming. During World War II, this flower was taken away by the Japanese.
[Beiwangting] The antique building is located at the top of the northern peak of Mount Cisse, overlooking the rushing east of Jiang Tao, and the colorful Jiangbei and Cehu Lake. The main entrance of the pavilion "Wangbei Pavilion" was inscribed by Fan Jiasheng. There is a couplet in the north of the pavilion, the first couplet is: cherish the past and present; Part II: Look into the hearts of Gan Kun and Wan Li. There are also couplets in the south, the first part: the shape is better than Wu Tou Chu Wei; Bottom line: romantic forever. The exhibition hall started on April 1998 and was completed on October 28th of the same year, with a total construction area of167m2 and a height of 9.647m.. The total investment is 400,000 yuan.
This antique building is located on the hillside to the west of Mount Cisse. Commencement in June 1986, completion in February 1988, total investment123,000 yuan. The three characters "Mount Cisse" on the archway were inscribed by Shu Tong, chairman of China Calligraphy Association. The dedicated road for Mount Cisse 1.7km runs from the archway down to the top of the mountain.
[Landscaping] Since 1962, the Municipal People's Government has organized citizens to plant trees on Cisai Mountain in a planned way. Now there are pine trees, cypresses and peach trees all over the mountain. In warm spring, the peach blossoms around the Peach Blossom Cave are in full bloom, which is in harmony with the waves in Jiang Tao, and the scenery is charming.
Daoshi House: Daoshi House is located on the east side of the foot of Cisai Mountain. Historically, Kyoto, Xiling County, Tufu Town, Chuxiong Town, Daoshifu Town, shishi city and Huangshi City were all located here. During the Han, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, it was once a prosperous political, economic and cultural center town. 1On the Mid-Autumn Festival night in August, 935, the Japanese army, navy and air force stormed the Xisaiguan Pass, which made Daoshi House, a thousand-year-old town, in ruins. Now there is no trace of the ancient town.
[Ancient money pits] Although the ancient town of Daoshifu has disappeared, the discovery of six ancient money pits here can prove its ancient prosperity.
The first time was in the 26th year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1598), a golden cellar and funerary objects of a tomb were discovered.
The second time, in the seventh year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1634), a money cellar was found, which was full and the money wire was rotten.
The third time, in the spring of Longjiazi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1744), a money cellar was discovered. This mound is two or three miles long and it takes months to dig.
The fourth time, in the thirty-third year of the Republic of China (AD 1944), a cellar of copper coins was found, which was installed by the Japanese invaders.
The fifth time,1May, 955, the hydraulic headquarters of Daye Iron and Steel Plant discovered the silver cellar, and 292 silver ingots were unearthed, weighing 133.38 kg.
For the sixth time, when1967165438+1October 15 repaired the lower dike of Cisai Mountain, it was found that there were nearly 300,000 Jin of square-hole copper coins in the Qian cellar of the Song Dynasty.
The above six discoveries all took place in the east of Cisse, near the former residence of Lv Wende, a Wei official in the Song Dynasty. The first four discoveries are only documented, and the last two discoveries are proved by a large number of physical objects. The last rare discovery was during the Cultural Revolution. Except for 1000 kilograms left by the cultural relics department, the rest were transported to Wuhan smelter for destruction, which is really a rare thing. According to the legend of villagers who have lived in Master Tao for many years, there are nine money cellars buried at the foot of Mount Cisse. According to this legend, there are still three cellars buried underground.
After liberation, ancient tombs were found many times near Cisse.
[Han Formation] 1955, Master Dao found eight brick tombs of the Han Dynasty when he borrowed soil to build dikes. Unearthed cultural relics include a gold chisel, five baht coins, a spring, a bronze mirror, an iron knife and a four-eared pot.
[Jin Tomb]1March, 982, two brick tombs of Wei and Jin Dynasties were discovered, and Tomb No.1 was unearthed 16 celadon bowls; Tomb No.2 was stolen, leaving only a porcelain plate.
[Tomb of the Yuan Dynasty]1September, 983, a tomb of the Yuan Dynasty was discovered. The words "making money" printed with the words "western pure land" and "western bliss" were found in the tomb, reflecting that the deceased believed in Buddhism. After liberation, more than 40 tombs from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty were found near Mount Cisse. Due to poor protection, few survivors.
[Ancient Poetry] In the Six Dynasties, there were Jiang Yan and He Xun; in the Tang Dynasty, there were Zhang, Liu Yuxi, Wei and Li Bai; in the Song Dynasty, there were Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Lu You; in the Ming Dynasty, there were celebrities such as Wu, Wang Shizhen and Yi; in the Qing Dynasty, there were Zhan Yingjia and modern Dong Chuncai, and more than forty people left poems about the mountains and rivers of the West Lake.
The poems related to the war are as follows: Zhang Shi "points out the dispute between Wu and Wei, and the dragon will swallow it in one day." . Up to now, the head color of mount cisse is still the blood mark of that year "; Gu Yan's: "There were hundreds of battles in front of Mount Cisse, and the soldiers were glorious in those days."
The beautiful scenery of Mount Cisse was written by Tang Zhangzhonghe: "Before the egrets fly to Mount Cisse, peach blossoms and flowing water make mandarin fish fat"; Lu You's: "The Moon Play in front of the Cisse Mountain, Come and Listen to the Bells of Tolin Temple" and so on.
Writing about the historical site of Cisai Mountain: Zhou Wang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "No one asked Chihiro for an iron lock, and the stone wall was empty, with a Taoist shape"; Wang Kexiang's: "There is a new surge in front of Longdong Temple and a jade peak circle behind the temple"; Li Zengrong's: "Evergreen Heron in Peach Blossom Cave, Fishing Alone in the Sound of Running Water" and so on.
The majestic momentum of the magnetic plug mountain is described as follows: Li Bai's: "Returning to the mountain leads to the peak, and Chu Mountain breaks"; Wei's: "The potential flows from a thousand miles, and it breaks when it enters the river"; Zhang Wenqian's: "Dangerous stones are inserted into the river, and stones break the sapphire".
[Ancient Battlefield] Because of the steep cliffs and steep waters, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and relying on the rolling Huangshan Mountain, it has become a strategic place to defend the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. There have been 100 wars here in history.
[Sun Ce attacked Huang Zu] In the winter of the fourth year of Jian 'an (AD 199), Sun Ce sent troops to attack Huang Zu in order to meet the needs of Chou He's westward expansion to kill his father. He fought a fierce battle in Mount Cisse and then attacked Xiakou. The whole campaign won Huang Zu's wife, seven men and seven women, six thousand warships and a mountain of wealth. Mount Cisse became the territory of Sun Shi.
After Sun Ce's death, Huang Zu often invaded Mount Cisse, and Sun Quan also conquered Huang Zu three times, which made Mount Cisse smoke continuously. Wu people set up the key guards of "crossing the river with iron locks". In the winter of the fifth year of Xianning in the Jin Dynasty (AD 279), the national soldiers were divided into five roads. The generals of the Jin army and Tang Bin drifted down the river bottom and fought fiercely in the east behind the magnetic plug mountain, which was "surrendered" by Hao. The separation of the three countries is over.
In the 11th year of the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 135 1), Xu Shouhui, a peasant leader, built a heavily guarded camp on Mount Cisse, which was later destroyed by Buyan Tiemu. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, on the way to Nanjing, Li Zicheng took Fuchikou, which was defeated by the enemy, and then took Cisai Mountain to southern Hubei. In the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1853), in March, Hong Xiuquan led the Taiping Army to abandon Wuchang East, defeated the pursuers of the Qing generals in Cisaishan and Daoshifu, and made Nanjing East its capital. In the second year, the Taiping Army marched westward, and in the third year, the Taiping Army and the Qing Army fought for Wuhan, and they all fought fiercely in Mount Cisse.
19381October 8, the 74th, 82nd and 93rd divisions of the Kuomintang fought fiercely with the Japanese invaders for five days and nights, and the Japanese army suffered heavy losses. This is the last large-scale war on Mount Cisse.
In addition, Emperor Wu of Jin attacked Huan Xuan at the end of Jin Dynasty, Xiao Daocheng fought against Shen You in Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty, and Cao Wanggao returned to Huaixi in Tang Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, all of which left a bloody battle in Cisai Mountain.
In Tang Yu's world, it belongs to Sanmiao, Xia and Shang Dynasties belong to Jingzhou, Zhou Dynasty is the fief of King Chu and Hubei, and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States belong to Chu. After liberation, the administrative division of lime kiln has been adjusted several times. Huangsiwan District, Chen Jiawan District and Lime Kiln District were merged into Lime Kiln District on 1979, and were included in Cisaishan Commune at the end of the year, and Hekou Town of daye city was included in Lime Kiln District on 1994. According to the Reply of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China on Renaming Lime Kiln District in Huangshi City, Hubei Province to Xisaishan District (Minfa No.200 1) No.301,Hubei Provincial People's Government E Zheng Han No.272, Huangshi Municipal People's Government Huang No.78 [200 1) and Lime
The Xisaishan District of Huangshi City is rich in mineral resources and has a long industrial history. In the Ming Dynasty, this place was famous for producing lime. In modern times, Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Huguang, founded Daye Iron Works, one of the earliest iron and steel plants in China history, which became the cradle of China's iron and steel industry. After liberation, the industry in this area developed rapidly. Up to now, it has formed eight major industrial categories: mining, metallurgy, machinery, building materials, medicine and chemical industry, textile and garment electronics. More than 30 large and medium-sized central, provincial and municipal backbone enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures, such as Metallurgical Group Corporation, huaxin cement Group Corporation, Huangshi Forging Machine Group Corporation, China No.15 Metallurgical Construction Company, Huangshi Mining Bureau and Dao Mei Garment Co., Ltd., have been employed. Their products are well-known at home and abroad, and special steel, fortress brand cement, CNC forging machine tools, ductile iron pipes, Dao Mei women's wear and so on have sold well in many countries and regions around the world. There are more than 200 regional enterprises, and a number of key enterprises such as Hubei Fangtong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Pneumatic Machinery Factory have emerged. Their products, such as saponin, citric acid, pneumatic motor, conveyor and spring, sell well all over the country. Saponin series and citric acid are exported to Europe and America and other countries and regions, earning more than US$ 65.438+million annually. Entering the new millennium, the ancient industrial city of Mount Cisse is showing new vitality and striding forward towards the goal of a modern industrial city.
By 200 1, there were 67 schools of all kinds in the whole region (including 2 universities, 7 secondary specialized schools, 3 middle schools 1, 2 primary schools1,23 kindergartens, and special education colleges1), belonging to different units such as Huangshi Education Bureau, Cisaishan Education Bureau and large factories and mines. There are more than 3,300 faculty members and more than 30,000 students. In August, 20001year, after the reform of the management system of Huangshi's education system, there were 37 schools directly under the jurisdiction of mount xisai, with more than 23,000 students. These schools continue to grow and develop, initially forming a large-scale education pattern with moderate scale, reasonable layout and complete types.
By 200 1, the enrollment rate of school-age children in the whole region will reach 100%, the consolidation rate of students in school will reach 100%, the completion rate of primary and secondary education for the population aged 15 will reach 99%, the completion rate of primary and secondary education for the population aged 17 will reach 98%, and the enrollment rate of disabled children will reach 96%.
1992 since the implementation of compulsory education, the whole region has raised funds in various ways to improve the conditions for running schools. During the ten years from 1992 to 200 1, more than 30 million yuan was raised to build 15 teaching rooms and teachers' dormitories with a total construction area of 57,935 ㎡. Computer rooms and classrooms have been built in schools in the whole region, and five primary schools, including Hulu Road, have established closed-circuit television teaching systems, and some middle schools have built computer networks. The network construction rate of high (end) schools is 78.6%, and that of junior high schools is 50%. In addition, the school has acquired a large number of teaching instruments and equipment, books and materials. The continuous improvement of teaching hardware basically meets the requirements of education and teaching, and will also provide strong support for the rapid development of education.
Mount Cisse, Huzhou, Zhejiang:
Cisai Mountain is located in Ruoxi Bay, Fanyanghu Village, Yang Nan Township, 10 kilometers southwest of Huzhou. Zhejiang Tongzhi, written by Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, has been published 12 years: "The south gate of Xing Wu is more than 20 miles, and the distant mountain in Xia Qing Valley is Cisai Mountain. The scenery is beautiful and really desperate. It is called Cisse, and the lower city is the place where (Chu Chun Shen Jun) stationed troops, so he sat west to east. " This makes the name of Mount Cisse clear. Huzhou's gazetteer also said: "The old county annals said that Yan Shangshu's tomb was in Cisai Mountain, and Shangshu's name was Cisai Weng, so he buried his mountain, and the natives still called it Cisai Mountain."
Speaking of Cisai Mountain, it is inevitable to recite the poem "Fishing Songs" by the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang: "Egrets fly in front of Cisai Mountain, peach blossoms and flowing water are full of mandarin fish fat, green bamboo slips and green coir, so they don't have to return in the oblique wind and drizzle." According to Zhu Pohua thorn, "no one was with Yu Gezi at that time", which means that there are countless people with this word. Zhang's "Fishing Songs" was also introduced to Japan. The Japanese emperor Ping An paid tribute to me with five poems, and the emperor's daughter, Prince Nachi, also had two poems. This word was included in Japanese textbooks together with a night-mooring near maple bridge, written by Zhang Ji describing the scenery of Hanshan Temple in Suzhou. For thousands of years, the masterpieces of two poets in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang, have become timeless masterpieces, depicting the unique scenery of Hu and Su respectively.
Zhang, a recluse poet in Tang Dynasty, was born in Jinhua, Wuzhou. There is a mountain in his pen. When Su Zong was an official, he was waiting for the imperial edict from Hanlin, so he was Gao Zhijie. Instead of keeping pace with the times, he went to be an official and traveled the rivers and lakes. In the seventh year of Tang Dali (772), Yan Zhenqing was the secretariat of Huzhou. In nine years, He Zhi came to pay homage. I'm sorry that you slipped on the boat. Please be careful. He Zhi said: "I am willing to travel to and from mobile families." (See "Huzhou Fuzhi" by Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty) At that time, the poet was boating between the beautiful scenery of two streams, and he really wrote the beautiful scenery of green mountains and clear water, misty clouds, white herons and wind and rain fishing in this area. There are five poems by Zhang in the county annals, the first of which is the most famous. This poem has bright colors and meaningful artistic conception. From then on, "poetry speaks mountain", and the picturesque Mount Cisse has become a great scenic spot in Huzhou. In the official records of Huzhou during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, "fishing late in Cisse" was listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Xing Wu. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Piling (now Changzhou, Jiangsu) was a satrap, a famous landscape painter, Li Jie (the second mountain), who once lived in Mount Cisse, Xing Wu. Here he wrote the Picture of Cisse Fishery Society, and invited friends Fan Chengda and Zhou Bida to write an inscription. In the 12th year of Xichun (1 185), the famous poet Fan Chengda wrote a long postscript of more than 290 words, including "Waiting for the peach blossom to grow, boating on the Cisse, annoying the host to buy fish and sell wine, relying on the best", etc., with profound brushwork, elegant style and deep beige spirit. This inscription was collected by Zhang Daqian, a master painter who returned to China, and the original is now in new york, USA.
Huangshi specialty: Wan Guo Zi
"Chicken claw tree, ten thousand-character fruit, fermented and sweet, eaten for several years." This is a children's song, which tells the children's yearning for the fruit of twist.
Wan is also known as Guazao, Golden Hook, Chicken Elbow, Chicken Claw Tree, Sweet Midnight, and Daye people commonly call it Bizhou, which belongs to higher plants of Rhamnaceae. This kind of fruit tree is found in many places in Daye, especially in the western mountainous areas. When it matured, the insiders of Daye farmers chose to sell it on the street. Because it is a bit strange, young people nowadays have little knowledge. In fact, there is this kind of tree on the campus of a school in Daye Chengguan.
Violet fruits, trees, up to 10 meters. Young branches reddish brown, glabrous or slightly hairy when young. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovoid, 0.8 ~ 1.6 cm long and 0.6 ~ 1.0 cm wide, with an acuminate apex, a round or heart-shaped base and coarse serrations at the edge. Three veins, hairless above, with fine hairs along the veins and axils below; Petiole reddish brown. Leaves or terminal cymose flowers, flowering in summer, small yellow-green, hard, plump, twisted fruit, fleshy, reddish brown; The fruit is nearly spherical, hairless, 0.6 ~ 2.ocm in diameter and grayish brown. The seeds are oblate, dark brown and shiny.
Distributed in Daye and southeastern Hubei, it grows in sunny ditches, roadsides or valleys. The fruit is cool, sweet and sour, and the unripe fruit is a little astringent; Seeds are used as medicine, and the role of wanzi fruit is to clear away damp heat. People often use meat and seeds to relieve alcoholism. Fat fruit stalks contain sugar, which can be eaten raw or used for wine making. Bark, wood juice and leaves are all used as medicine; Wood is hard and can be used for building and making exquisite furniture.