Self-control is the ability to control yourself. The quality of people's restraint ability can determine their psychological taste, health and intelligence.

Although people's self-control is innate, acquired influence, education and self-cultivation are more important. Self-control, like other abilities, should be cultivated early.

The cultivation of self-control can be carried out through four links: guidance, induction, practice and strengthening, which are inseparable and integrated.

First of all, dredge

The purpose of counseling is to avoid and eliminate the inducement of impulse and trouble caused by students' emotional out of control. This method is especially important for the following students.

(A) congenital low self-control ability

This kind of students' self-control is difficult to cultivate. Time-consuming and slow. Dredge method is:

A. Love melting method is to use the love of teachers and classmates to melt the hard "bumps" of these classmates. Teachers should care about their studies, their health and life, and their interpersonal relationships. We should talk with them more, ask more questions, and educate other students to get close to them, get to know them, study and play with them, so that they are not "hot" or less "hot".

B. Shift the target to vent, that is, when they lose their temper, the teacher skillfully shifts their sharpness to avoid their collision or injury. The teacher can comfort them first and then postpone.

C. Exercise to get rid of qi is to use exercise to release accumulated heat in the human body, consume excess energy, and play a good role in fitness and ambition. It is observed that people will be more calm within three days after experiencing a strong physical activity.

D. Diet choice, that is, choosing certain foods, such as cigarettes, wine and peppers, will make people's blood pressure rise, heart rate increase and excitement, so their self-control will also decrease, so it is best not to touch or touch less.

(II) Endocrine disorder type

There are many similarities and differences between tutoring such students and students with weak innate self-control, mainly as follows:

A. drug therapy or psychotherapy should be combined;

B. It is more important to show love to those students who have lost their loved ones, and we should comfort them more.

C. games or entertainment. If you are a primary school student, you can let them (better than the teacher) play hide-and-seek and the blind touch the elephant.

D to carry out adolescent health education and sex education, and do a good job of unity between boys and girls.

(3) Other types

1. Only child syndrome

This kind of students generally have the following characteristics: bossiness, willfulness, stubbornness, too strong self-esteem, too strong self-awareness, too confident, poor self-care ability, unable to bear hardships and so on.

To cultivate this kind of students' self-control, we must first combine family education and get family support. Therefore, we should visit more families and hold parent-teacher conferences. If possible, let students live on campus and lead a collective life, let students manage themselves and educate themselves; Secondly, we should educate them to set lofty goals as soon as possible and strive for them; The third is to carry out frustration training so that they can withstand difficulties and setbacks; The fourth is to carry out legal education and moral education.

2. Backing effect and its own superior radiation type

The back-up effect refers to that parents or other relatives of students become cadres or have honor or "golden gods", which makes students complacent and supercilious. Most of them have nothing to hide, don't accept the teacher's discipline, don't study hard, and get a little criticism, they will glare.

The education of this kind of students should first carry out legal and moral education; The second is to invite people with status and prestige to assist education; Third, eliminate their sense of superiority, and advise parents to limit their unreasonable demands and pay attention to their types of friends. In case they are criticized, parents should help them, not protect them.

The radiation of self-superiority is the idea that students are superior to others in appearance, posture, sound quality, intelligence and talent. They are self-righteous, supercilious, unwilling to listen to objections, jealous, and some are good at playing tricks on others to find fault with teachers.

The way to persuade is to make the best use of the situation, put more pressure on the burden and make more suggestions. Confucius' words and deeds, "Three people must have a teacher", "saints are impermanent" and "eager to learn and eager to ask questions" are all good teaching materials for such students. In short, we should encourage them to give full play to their advantages and use the right methods to strive for early success.

3. Competition syndrome

Reasonable competition can destroy people, but its side effects should also attract our attention. All kinds of competitions, competitions and exams at school, the ranking of usual exams and the pressure of entrance exams will make students feel different degrees of fear, which will lead to inner pressure, nervousness and irritability, and sometimes some students will feel lost.

The method of counseling is: pay attention to students' emotions before and after each competition and arrange rest reasonably. Comfort and enlighten those students with unsatisfactory grades in time; For those winners, they should be advised not to be too excited to ensure that students are psychologically relaxed and balanced.

In addition, the beautification, purification and greening of schools are also important aspects of counseling, which should be paid attention to.

Second, induction.

The purpose of induction is to let students know the function of self-control, abandon bad emotions and actively and consciously cultivate self-control.

(A) teachers set an example

Most students have the habit of imitating their teachers, so teachers should have elegant and generous manners, calm courage in the face of emergencies, and have an angry demeanor in case of emergencies, so that students can learn from each other and gradually cultivate self-control ability.

(B) to guide students with famous sayings

Famous sayings, aphorisms, aphorisms, proverbs, aphorisms, etc. A considerable part of them persuade people to cultivate their self-cultivation, which, if properly used, can become a signpost for students to pursue the improvement of their psychological quality. Teachers can write these famous aphorisms as slogans as school mottos or let students copy them down as mottoes, so as to refer to practice at any time.

(C) Infect students with stories

In the world, there are many stories about how to overcome rigidity with softness, how to endure disasters and how to take death with violence. Their functions and influences are subtle.

set a good example

All politicians and educators attach great importance to the role of role models, and workers engaged in psychological education also regard them as stimulants and cardiotonic agents. Teachers should be good at observing and understanding, take the tree with strong self-control among students as an example, so that other students can effectively hear and see, imitate their behaviors and thoughts, and at the same time, they can respond to students who take the tree as an example.

The method of induction is as described above. As long as the teacher can properly induce, students' interest will be aroused and practice will be much easier.

Third, practice.

The purpose of the exercise is to guide students to learn to be generous and keep a balance at all times. Methods of practicing self-control can be divided into direct and indirect.

(1) directly

1. Hold a debate. The content of the debate can be rational, routine and informative. The method is that teachers or class cadres ask questions for students to debate first, and those who make mistakes such as mouth-grabbing, rudeness, unreasonable troubles and satire can be deducted as appropriate, and those who don't speak will also be deducted;

2. Anger law. Teachers should pay attention to "gossiping" and "turning black and white" and see how students can correct their teachers. Teachers can measure the score of "Qi".

(2) Indirect method

There are many methods of indirect exercise, which have been mentioned in the section of persuasion, such as frustration training, hide-and-seek and sports, and of course there are many other methods.

No matter which practice method, the teacher should explain its meaning and method, and then grade it.

Fourth, strengthen

The purpose of reinforcement is to keep students' developing mood and form habits.

In order to strengthen students' self-control, we must strive to make students learn to guide themselves, educate themselves and educate them to understand their emotional cycle. Sometimes some criminal cases can be used as negative education to educate students.

Strengthening means can be through inspection, evaluation and calling on students to supervise each other. We should praise and reward those who are excellent, and patiently guide and educate those who are not good until they change.

The cultivation and improvement of students' self-control will benefit students all their lives, but it is also a very complicated psychological quality education. It's hard to say which method is most suitable for a certain situation. Only by going deep into students, understanding students and constantly exploring and summarizing can teachers achieve better results.

Improving learning efficiency is a very important issue. Many students' poor academic performance is often caused by low learning efficiency. Low learning efficiency is often caused by many factors. Low interest in learning, bad study habits and physical illness will all affect learning efficiency. Below, we will make a comprehensive investigation on this.

First, the self-evaluation of learning problems

Everyone with learning disabilities actually doesn't know what his problem is, so it is particularly important to self-evaluate the learning problem so as to prescribe the right medicine and solve the problem. Self-evaluation of learning problems can be mainly carried out in the following aspects:

Length-time problem

People with learning disabilities should reflect on the following questions: (1) Do you seldom set clear goals before learning, such as how long it will take to finish? (2) Whether there is often no fixed learning schedule. (3) Whether the time is often delayed so that the homework cannot be completed on time. (4) Whether the study plan is always valid only a few days ago. (5) Whether the study time in one week is less than 10 hour. Do you spend all your time studying?

2. Attention problems

(1) Whether the state of complete concentration can only be maintained for 10 to 15 minutes. (2) When studying, are there often novels, magazines and other things that distract me? (3) Whether you often have fantastic experiences when you study. (4) Whether you often chat with people while studying.

3. Interest in learning

(1) Does it swell at the sight of the head of the book? (2) Whether you only like liberal arts and don't like science. (3) Whether it is often necessary to force yourself to study. (4) Have you ever consciously strengthened your learning behavior?

4. Learning methods

(1) Do you often use naval battles to improve your problem-solving ability? (2) Whether mechanical memory is often used. (3) Have you ever asked your good classmates about learning methods? (4) Whether you never ask the teacher questions. (5) Do you seldom take the initiative to learn extracurricular supplementary reading materials?

Generally speaking, the more positive answers (yes) to the above questions, the lower the learning efficiency. Every student with learning problems should list his main problems from the above four types of problems, and then carry out targeted treatment. For example, a student's problem is this: in terms of time arrangement, he always likes to drag the task to the second master; On the issue of attention, he always likes to chat with people in the dormitory while reading; In learning interest, he is not interested in specialized courses, but he is very interested in some courses of affiliated departments; The learning method mainly adopts mechanical memory method. As soon as the students' illness is listed, we can take effective treatment measures.

Second, the self-improvement method

1.SQ3R method

The SQ3R method proposed by Robinson is a good way to improve learning efficiency. SQ3R is abbreviated from the initials of the words Survey, Question, Read, return and Review.

(1) survey: skimming. When you want to read a book or an article, you must use the title and subtitle to understand the general content, and also grasp the beginning, end and paragraph to ask the sentences connecting the preceding with the following. In this way, you will have a clear goal, which is conducive to further study.

(2) Questioning: That is, when studying, we should focus on basic issues such as people, things, time, place and reasons, and at the same time find out what we don't understand. Eggplant Oh, my model? はははははははははははははははははは𞑟は𞑟𞑟1 Looking forward to serving the poor and venting persimmons? Turbulent? Slim climbing?

(3) Reading: The purpose of reading is to find the answer to the question. You don't need to chew the text repeatedly, but you should pay attention to understanding the meaning. Some books should be read quickly, which helps to improve your knowledge, while others should be read carefully and pondered over their meaning.

(4) Recitation: After reading a few paragraphs, close the book and think about what you said before. You can make some simple reading summaries in your own language, find out the key expressions from them, and summarize your thoughts into several points in refined language. This will not only help you remember, recite or retell, but also help you improve your expressive ability and make your thinking more logical. This method of trying to recite is better than simply repeating it many times.

(5) Review: After reading everything, it is necessary to review it again. When reviewing, you can refer to the summary of notes and distinguish the different meanings of different levels between paragraphs. The main function of review is to avoid forgetting. Generally speaking, reviewing in time is the most effective. Over time, review can be gradually reduced, but regular review helps to consolidate the learning effect. That's what the so-called "never leave your hand, never leave your mouth" means.

2. Self-forming method

The SQ3R method introduced above is a learning method, which can only solve the learning problems caused by the lack of methods. For learning problems caused by other reasons, other methods should be considered comprehensively, and self-shaping method is a comprehensive method.

(1) Select a target. After analyzing the reasons of low learning efficiency, you have found your own crux, but you can't change it in a hurry, but you should first choose one of the more feasible ones to make a key breakthrough. We often observe that some students will make a grand study plan immediately after being reprimanded by their elders. In fact, nine times out of ten, this plan can't be implemented. While learning English, one day I suddenly made up my mind to start by reading the original novel. So, I borrowed a world famous book "Martin Eden" and announced to my friends that I would spend a month eating this book. As a result, I didn't even finish reading the first page because the new words in it were hard to find. Later, I chose a moderate learning goal, starting with the simplified version of world famous books. As a result, the more I read, the more interested I am, and I no longer regard English as a fear.

(2) Implement new learning procedures. If the crux of your problem is procrastination, you should make a rule for yourself and avoid sleeping every day if you don't finish the scheduled task. If your compliment is inattention, then you should analyze the reasons for inattention. If you don't concentrate on reading in the dormitory, you must order yourself to read in the classroom. If you don't concentrate after reading for half an hour, you should take a break or change your learning content. If the reason is that you are not interested in reading, you should first try to read the books you are interested in or change the monotonous reading style, combine reading with work, entertainment and temperament cultivation, or give some rewards to your study. After a period of persistence, with the formation of good habits, the interest in learning will gradually increase.