The second volume of the novel sharply criticizes Gulliver's proud British electoral system, parliamentary system and various political and religious measures through the king of Great Britain, and expresses doubts and denials on various British systems and political and religious measures.
In the third volume of the novel, the author points the irony at British philosophers, scientists who are divorced from reality and addicted to fantasy, absurd inventors, critics and historians who turn black and white upside down.
In the fourth volume of the novel, the author uses Gulliver to answer a series of questions, and exposes the essence of war, the hypocrisy of law and the shameful behavior of the duke by hook or by crook.
Looking at the overall plot of the novel, Gulliver's Travels has obvious political tendency. His critical edge focused on attacking parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces in Britain at that time.
The artistic features of Gulliver's Travels are mainly reflected in the use of satire, and sharp and profound satire is the soul of this work.
Britain at that time was the object of attack and satire by the author. Gulliver's first adventure was in Lilliput. In this tiny country, partisan struggles are tense, and neighbors not only want to defeat but also enslave each other. The king of Lilliput used rope competitions to select officials. In order to get a few colored silk threads from the king, the officials did not hesitate to perform a clown-like absurd performance. This small court was the epitome of Britain at that time, and even the political habits and laws of Lilliputian were exactly the same as the British political situation at that time. In the second volume, the author even criticized Britain by name. Gulliver gave a detailed introduction to the history, system and present situation of Britain, as well as various matters of national self-defense to the King of Great Britain. But from the perspective of Great Britain, British history is full of "greed, competition, cruelty, hypocrisy, lust, sinister and ambition". In The King's Word, the author said that "such a humble and incompetent bug" was "the most harmful little poisonous bug crawling on the ground in nature", which satirized all aspects of British society. The third volume satirizes the pseudo-science in Britain at that time through the boring and absurd scientific research conducted by the people of the Lagardo Academy of Sciences. The description of the island of Lepita criticizes the British exploitation and oppression of Ireland. The novel not only attacked the social status quo, but also directly satirized human nature itself at a deeper level. The fourth volume, the discussion about "money" is like this. Gulliver gained wisdom without money, army and police.
The dog (horse) country explained to his horse owner, "The wild dogs there think that the more money, the better. No matter whether it is used or saved, there is not enough time." Because of their nature, they are either extravagant or insatiable. The rich enjoy the fruits of the poor's labor, and the ratio of the poor to the rich is one thousand. Therefore, most of us are forced to live a miserable life ... "... The author is concerned about the pure money relationship between people in capitalist society. Thus questioning human nature.
When the author satirized and attacked the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces at that time mercilessly and bitterly, some satirized them bluntly, some used foreigners' words, some used metaphors to satirize people, and some used animals to satirize people.
These are all funny, and they are all prepared.
The organic combination of the fantasy of the plot and the authenticity of reality also adds unique artistic charm to the novel. Although the author shows a fictional fairy-tale magical world, it is based on the reality of British social life at that time. Because the author's description is accurate, delicate and appropriate, people don't think it is a fictional illusion, as if everything is true. For example, when describing the proportional relationship between villains and adults, people and things, they are all reduced or enlarged at a ratio of one to twelve. The villain in Lilliput is twelve times smaller than Gulliver; Adults in big countries are twelve times bigger than Gulliver. Gulliver's handkerchief can be used as a carpet for Lilliput Palace. A peasant woman's handkerchief in an adult country covered Gulliver and turned into a sheet. When describing the operation of the flying island, the architecture of the palace and the structure of the town, the author also deliberately used the knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy and medicine.
And data. In this way, the authenticity, harmony and symmetry of the local details of the characters are transformed into the authenticity, harmony and unity of the whole picture and scene, which greatly enhances the realism and appeal of the works.
The author's writing is concise and clear. For example, it is written that Gulliver copied an official proclamation in Lilliput, praising the king as "king of kings", "standing in the center of the earth, with the sun overhead" and so on. Gulliver also quietly explained in brackets: "the circumference is about twelve miles." With this explanation, the boundless territory of "reaching the four poles of the earth" suddenly shrank into a tiny place of about ten miles. This contrast is hilarious. The words in brackets show the author's simple and realistic narrative style. It seems that he has no intention to comment, but he is objectively and faithfully explaining the scale of lilliput for us. He once declared: "I would rather use the simplest and simplest."
My writing is about common facts, because I wrote this book mainly to report to you, not to entertain you. "Although the scenes of Lilliputian, Adult and Wisdom are different, and the situation of the protagonist is different, the layout and style of the whole novel are the same. Gulliver gives a detailed account of the cause and effect of every trip to sea. The complicated plot is described according to time and spatial order, with concise and vivid words and strong stories. Therefore, for hundreds of years,
Gulliver's Travels is very appreciated in European countries, and is well known to women and children. The author can be translated into jonathan swift, jonathan swift and jonathan swift, and The Travels of the New Gulliver has been published.
Famous comments
Swift enriches the moral meaning of his works with humor, exposes the absurdity with irony, and makes incredible events come true through characters and narrative framework. Even Robinson Crusoe is hard to compare with it in the meanness and diversity of narration. -Scott (UK)
Gulliver's Travels is a unique novel masterpiece. Like many European novels in the18th century, it inherited the structural method of vagrant novels, adopted the popular novels describing travel experiences at that time, especially the model of maritime adventure novels, and described a series of adventures of Gulliver, the hero, drifting at sea. Undoubtedly, it was influenced by Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and other travel adventure novels to a considerable extent. However, Gulliver's Travels is similar to them in form, but completely different in nature. It is the further development of novels such as The Story of a Bucket and The Battle of Books, and it has some unique properties different from the realistic novels that began to rise in the18th century. -Wu on fable novels
Evaluation of Gulliver's Travels in the history of literature: under the guise of the protagonist Dr Gulliver, the work describes his experiences in several fairy tale countries, such as Lilliput, Adult, Flying Island and Smart Malaysia, and satirizes the social reality of Britain in an all-round way. Although the social ideals of "adult country" and "smart horse country" retain the original characteristics of patriarchal society,
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