It was not until the 7th century AD that ancient India began to count by numbers, but at the beginning, there was no "0" symbol, only a space was used to represent it. In the second half of the 9th century, the symbol of zero appeared and was written as ".".
At this time, the decimal notation in ancient India was complete. Later, this notation was adopted by many ethnic groups in Central Asia, and then spread to Europe through Arabs, and gradually evolved into the universal "Arabic notation" in the world today.
Therefore, Arabic numerals were not created by Arabs, but only played the role of communication. It was the ancient Indians who really contributed to Arabic numerals.
The Criterion Sutra is the earliest extant ancient Indian mathematical work. It is a book about altar construction, written in the 5th ~ 4th century BC, which contains some knowledge about geometry.
This book shows that they already knew Pythagorean theorem at that time and used pi as 3.09. Ancient Indians have used triangles in astronomical calculations. There are 66 articles about mathematics in the Collected Works of the Sage, which was written in 499 AD, including arithmetic operations, powers, roots and some laws of algebra, geometry and trigonometry.
Saint also studied the problem of adding two irrational numbers and got the correct formula. In trigonometry, he introduced the positive vector function, and he calculated that π was 3. 14 16.
The 7th ~13rd century was the most brilliant period of mathematics achievement in ancient India. The famous figures in this period were Brahma (about 589 ~? ), Nobita (9th century), Sri Toro (999 ~? ) and Zuo Ming (1 1 14 ~? )。
In about 628, Van Gogh wrote Ming Fan Manxitanta, which deeply discussed many mathematical problems. Van Gogh was the first person to introduce the concept of negative number in ancient India, and he also proposed the calculation method of negative number.
Nobita continued the work of his predecessors, and his main job was the essence of calculation. He realized that zero multiplied by any number is equal to zero, but he mistakenly thought that a number divided by zero is still equal to this number.
Nobita's research on scores is also very meaningful. He realized that dividing one fraction by another was equivalent to multiplying the numerator and denominator of this fraction in reverse.
Sritoro's existing mathematical works include the summary of algorithms, and it is said that he also has a book devoted to quadratic equations. His main job is to study the solution of quadratic equation.
During this period, the greatest achievement in mathematics was Ming. The chapters on playfulness and factor algorithm in his "Almanac" reflect the highest achievement of ancient Indian mathematics and are the representative works of that period.
Ming made a further study of zero and correctly pointed out that a number divided by zero is infinite. He continued to study the problem of solving quadratic equations, knowing that the square root of a number has two numbers, one positive and one negative.
He also clearly pointed out that the square root of negative numbers is meaningless. Ming has made remarkable achievements in the research of indefinite equations, and he has solved many problems of finding integer solutions of indefinite equations with ingenious methods.