Company profile information is not provided.
● Details of Xiaoxing 'ang Shoes Factory in Chang 'an, Dongguan
Enterprise type: joint-stock company's main industry: (shoe agent |) (children's shoes | children's shoes)
Registered capital: industrial and commercial registration:
Legal representative: Cai Jianzhi was founded in 2000- 1 1- 1.
Bank account number: bank:
Enterprise address: Bian Xiao, Chang 'an Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, zip code: 523850.
Company homepage: E-mail:
Contact person: Tel: -0769-5533057
Main customers: Location: Guangdong Province, China.
Main market: business model:
Brand management: quality control;
Number of people in R&D department: 1000 or more. Is OEN generation processing provided?
Plant area: annual turnover: 20 million yuan/year-30 million yuan/year.
relevant information
It would have been a good thing to do OEM work for world-famous brands such as Nike and Adidas. However, under the "reasonable pursuit" of their own interests by multinational companies, OEM factories and even local governments, factory owners have become experts in squeezing, and efficient assembly lines have become a curse that binds workers to run at high speed and keep tightening. Although it is different from the contract workers in old Shanghai, the modern contract continuously reduces the bargaining power of the contract factory, and then it is transmitted to the workers by the contract factory, which also squeezes their sweat and endurance space.
Is this the inevitability of the gradual maturity of the industrial chain itself, or is it the institutional squeeze outside the industry? Why are there so many irrationalities and paradoxes when the government, multinational companies and processing enterprises can give their own seemingly reasonable explanations?
Nike was praised.
Because it actively exposed the phenomenon that its foundry factory violated workers' rights and interests.
On April 13, Nike released a report entitled "Nike Cooperation Responsibility Report for Fiscal Year 2004", which disclosed the names and locations of more than 700 overseas contract manufacturers. Nike admitted in the report that the overseas OEM factory it cooperated with did infringe workers' rights and interests by forcing them to work overtime. Among them, Nike inspected 569 overseas manufacturers in 2003 and 2004, and found that the factory problems in South Asia were more serious. Half of the local factories require workers to work more than 60 hours a week, and more than 10% of them punish workers who refuse to work overtime; In addition, the report also pointed out that many Asian factories also restrict workers from going to the toilet and drinking water during working hours.
Nike voluntarily announced the details of the supply chain, and the outside world responded positively. Neil Kearney, Secretary-General of the International Textile, Clothing and Leather Workers' Union (ITGLWF), said that Nike's behavior is of reform significance, "let everyone know whether Nike has implemented the company policy announced to the public".
But for a long time, the OEM factories of multinational companies like Nike in China were rarely disclosed in China. According to the report, in China, 124 manufacturers have signed contracts with Nike for OEM production. Mainly distributed in Guangdong, Shandong and Shanghai, there are nearly 20 factories in Dongguan alone.
Different from purely local enterprises in China, the interests and labor problems exposed by contract factories of multinational companies such as Nike in China are more complicated. In China, an emerging market and a country in transition, its realistic characteristics and complexity make it difficult for us to sort out a clear picture and make a simple judgment. Recently, our reporter went to Guangdong Province and went to Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen and other places for in-depth interviews. What we find is the interests of multinational companies, contract factories, local governments and workers.
A temporary calm in the factory
On May 16, at the gate of Xing 'ang Shoes Factory in Bian Xiao Village, Chang 'an Town, Dongguan City, people who came to recruit workers sat under the tree and asked about the factory. On a quiet afternoon, it is hard to imagine a large-scale worker riot here a year ago.
From March to April last year, four of the five shoe factories owned by Xing 'ang International Co., Ltd., which has more than 30,000 workers, rioted because workers were dissatisfied with their situation, and thousands of workers were involved.
199 1 Xing 'ang International Co., Ltd., which moved from Taiwan Province Province to Dongguan, initially had only over 1,000 workers. By 2004, it had employed 35,000 workers and produced nearly 30 million pairs of shoes for international brands such as Nike and Reebok every year, with a value of more than 3 billion yuan.
Wu Shaozhi, director of Beijing Shengzhi Law Firm, which provides free legal aid to workers in Xing 'ang shoe factory, told Business Weekly that last year's incident exposed many problems: overtime, poor food quality, deduction or even arrears of wages, and hiring underage employees. It is difficult not to associate these factories that make orders for multinational companies with sweatshops. "This incident also exposed the loopholes in China's criminal legislation. Employers make workers work overtime without reasonable remuneration, and deduct and default on remuneration, which seriously affects the survival of workers. The criminal law lacks corresponding criminal sanctions. " Wu Shaozhi said, "In addition, some specific administrative actions are not in place, which will lead to large-scale intentional deduction and arrears of remuneration, and only the weak or vulnerable groups will suffer."
The situation in Xing 'ang Factory is not an isolated phenomenon. According to the survey of Guangdong Human Resources Management Association, in the Pearl River Delta region, 92.04% of enterprises work overtime, and nearly 70% of enterprises work overtime more than 10 hour per week, and some even reach 28 hours. And high-intensity overtime is cheap or even in arrears. The survey shows that from 1992 to 2004, the monthly wages of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta only increased by 68 yuan in the past 12 years, which could not keep up with the increase of food prices in the first half of 2004. During the salary distribution inspection of enterprises in Shenzhen, 653 enterprises were found to be in arrears with wages, accounting for more than 40% of the total number of enterprises inspected, involving 65,438+10,000 employees.
In the interview, a foreman claimed that either there was no trade union in the factory or the established trade union "only stamped an' overtime agreement' on behalf of the workers when the factory applied to the labor department".
Unlike the angry behavior of workers in Xing 'ang factory, the "silent majority" chose to walk away. In 2004, the "tide of migrant workers" in the Pearl River Delta, which had been troubled for more than 20 years, was replaced by the "shortage of migrant workers" for the first time. According to the report of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of China, there were 2 million migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta in 2004, with a shortage rate of 10%, including 400,000 in Shenzhen and 270,000 in Dongguan.
A large number of workers "voted with their feet", which improved the living conditions of workers staying in the Pearl River Delta. In order to retain workers, factories generally reduce recruitment conditions and improve production and living conditions; The government raises the minimum wage to help workers repay their debts; The upstream enterprises of processing plants, those multinational brand companies, have also strengthened factory inspections and asked factories to improve working conditions.
Ge Youli, coordinator of the East Asian Fair Labor Association (FLA), said: "No matter the riots or the shortage of migrant workers, it shows that there is no absolute weakness. Workers show their strength through destruction, although the power of destruction is passive. "
In Chang 'an Town, Dongguan City, a mother with a child told reporters that it has been much easier to recruit workers in the past two years, and wages and benefits have also improved. Almost every worker interviewed can accurately tell how much the minimum wage in Dongguan, which was just adjusted in March this year, has increased. There are also some workers who will tell you that Xing 'ang Factory is good and Weft Ball Factory is good, because they are brands, unlike factories that make miscellaneous brands, and brand factories have "human rights".
At 8 o'clock in the evening, there were few pedestrians on Gaozhen Road in Dongguan, the factory was brightly lit, and the workers' dormitory opposite the factory was dark. 2 1 year-old female worker Ouyang and her friends came back from the street. They are all sewing workers in Yuyuan No.3 Factory. Today is a colleague's 18 birthday. The factory sent her a birthday card signed by the general manager and a birthday coupon. At the end of the month, she can get a gift with other employees who celebrate their birthdays that month.
Taiwan-funded Yuyuan Group is the largest shoe factory in the world, with several branches in Gaozhen, processing sports shoes for more than 20 internationally renowned brands such as Adidas and Nike, with a total of more than 60,000 workers.
Ouyang Laiyuyuan has been here for half a year and is quite satisfied with her present job. She told reporters that she usually works 8 hours a day and has weekends every week. She will work overtime when catching goods, but the overtime time will not exceed 2 hours. When working overtime, she can also guarantee one day off every week.
The food in the factory is also good. Breakfast includes steamed bread, steamed bread, bread, flour and soybean milk. Ouyang said the factory was "good". Some places are "like gardens" and their dormitories are "like houses". There is a room for eight people, a telephone, a locked cupboard for everyone, and a hot shower all year round. "Better than home." She said.
On weekends, Ouyang will sleep late, and then watch TV and CDs in the factory. Sports-loving workers can play ball games, and enthusiastic workers join the volunteer team to give you free haircuts and watch repairs.
After deducting 200 yuan for room and board, Ouyang can get 8900 yuan a month. Compared with working in a small factory before, although he can get more than 1000 yuan a month, Ouyang still thinks Yuyuan Garden is better. "Small factories work overtime every day until 12 o'clock. Where there is a weekend, I will take a day off every month, and I am very happy on the day of pay! " She said as she jumped.
At the food stall near the factory, Ouyang ate Japanese tofu "like an egg", satisfied and happy. At present, in Dongguan, many factories that contract for multinational brand companies look calm.
Nike's sense of responsibility
The balance between workers and factory owners in Dongguan today, whether it is a flash in the pan or not, at least shows that Nike's efforts have played a part. In 1970s and 1980s, multinational corporations set up a large number of factories in developing countries, and the poor working conditions of workers in some labor-intensive enterprises attracted more and more international attention and criticism. On a global scale, the anti-sweatshop movement led by "Nike Watch Movement" was launched.
These boycotts have brought great pressure to the moral responsibility of multinational corporations. In order to improve the external image, most multinational companies choose to establish a corporate code of conduct as the first step. 199 1 year, according to the basic practices of the international labor organization and the basic principles of human rights, Nike drafted a company code of conduct, prohibiting people under 18 from participating in shoemaking and children under 16 from participating in the production of clothes, "unless authorized by national laws and regulations"; Employees should be informed to work overtime and compensated according to local laws and regulations; It is strictly stipulated that there must be a 1 day rest every 6 working days, and the working hours per week should not exceed 60 hours.
1992, Nike distributed the company's code of conduct to the contracted factories. Since then, the Code has been regularly evaluated and revised, which has become the basic requirements of Nike for contractors in terms of labor and environment, safety and health. Nike has set up the "Environment, Safety and Health Management Department" to formulate safety standards, and set up safety committees in each factory to equip employees working in dangerous environments with labor protection equipment.
The "shape" adopted by Nike in 1997 is its earliest monitoring method, which provides a basic standard for evaluating the performance of contract manufacturers in implementing environmental, safety and health-related standards. It is usually completed by employees of Nike's product bases in one day, which can describe the overall situation of the production base.
In 2002, based on the code of conduct, the company issued the code leadership standards, including 13 personnel management standards, 9 environmental impact management standards, 23 safety management standards and 9 health management standards. This standard ***5 1 supplements and explains the code of conduct in more detail.
In 2003, Nike began to adopt a supervision activity called "M-Audit", which is different from "SHAPE". It mainly evaluates the work management practice in depth to find problems, including on-site inspection, document verification and secret interviews with individual workers, managers and managers. Nike specially hired 2 1 new employees and supervised and trained them. Nike believes that this method is not only the basis of the company's supervision activities, but also the main tool for the company to understand the problems related to working conditions and their effects.
Since 2002, Nike has also allowed the Fair Labor Association (FLA) to conduct occasional independent spot checks on its factories. FLA's independent investigation is to examine the working conditions of various manufacturers in Nike's supply chain from an external perspective. On average, every year, the Fair Labor Association conducts a sudden independent survey of about 5% suppliers of Nike.
Nike's concern about working conditions and systematic normative measures naturally influenced China, but they were not fully reflected in the workers. As the OEM factory of Nike, Xing 'ang Group can feel the pressure from upstream partners, but with the shortening of working hours and the increase of workers' rest time, the factory does not intend to pay the price for the reduction of working hours. It promises that wages will not be reduced, provided that workers must produce the same amount of things.
In fact, the average wage of workers is less 100 yuan. The factory attributed this to the fact that the efficiency of the workers did not improve, and the workers thought that the shipments of the factory did not decrease. An industry insider in Dongguan also told Business Weekly that although it is required to shorten workers' working hours, orders from companies such as Nike to foundry factories have not decreased, but the delivery time has been shortened again and again. In fact, 100 yuan is just equivalent to reducing the compensation for two weekend overtime days.
In 200 1 year, Adidas launched a plan to improve efficiency in Yuyuan Garden. The workers think that the working hours are really shortened, but they work harder, because the task assignment is accurate and there is almost no downtime. Now these customers require the factory to deliver the goods within 30 days. Three years ago, the delivery time of the same commodity was 60 days, while it was 90 days before 10.
Contract factories are facing increasing pressure from multinational companies to urge goods, and they have to implement the corporate social responsibility stipulated by these companies. Under the sole motive of ensuring profits, only the most vulnerable workers will be hurt in the end.
After the Dongguan incident last year, brands like Nike and Reebok didn't want their shoes to be associated with labor disputes. They collectively put pressure on Xing 'ang to pay attention to the "human rights" of workers, but they did not cancel or reduce orders or relax the production period of orders.
"We are under great pressure." Dong Fang, a Sichuan female worker who just came out of Xing 'ang shoe factory, is waiting at the gate of Taiwei shoe factory to find a job. She makes uppers in Xing 'ang shoe factory, which belongs to assembly line operation. She can't press the goods, and if she presses them, she will be scolded or even fined by the monitor. "But sometimes when the loom is broken, it will inevitably press the goods." The work of the assembly line made her feel exhausted. "When you go to the toilet, you must find someone to replace you. Can't stop for a minute. If the factory sets a thousand jobs a day, it must be completed. "
Dong's husband is in Taiwei factory. She knows that Taiwei factory often has to work overtime, sometimes until one or two o'clock in the evening, but she accepts the management mode of Taiwei factory better than the high-intensity work all the time. Although she works longer hours, she is not necessarily more tired. The point is that her income will be higher. She automatically gave up the "protection of workers' rights and interests" that multinational companies across the ocean said.
Two statements by the factory owner
Workers who have no more choices are easily satisfied. In the interview, the most complaints are factory owners who do OEM work for multinational companies. "Pressure from Nike, pressure from the government, pressure from workers, and fierce competition from peers, we live in a crack." Sun Xianming, who has worked hard in Dongguan for more than ten years, complained to reporters.
Sun Xianming is the manager of a Hong Kong-owned woolen mill in changping town. His biggest headache is the factory inspection of customers (brand companies). This enterprise processes overseas clothing brands through several foreign companies in Hong Kong. In order to get the order, those brand companies have to pass their examination first, and they often entrust some "fair banks" in Hong Kong to inspect the factory. Sun Xianming showed the reporter a thick stack of materials, industrial and commercial registration, the insurance policy purchased by social insurance, 12 months' attendance record, and the certificates of safety production, environmental protection and fire control ... all these are the contents to be seen when inspecting the factory.
In Sun Xianming's view, the hardware requirements are not difficult to meet, and the "soft requirements" such as working hours and wages are the most difficult for him. Customers require that factory production must comply with the labor law, which stipulates that overtime should not exceed 36 hours per month, and the excess must be applied to the local labor department. With the application record, the overtime hours are clear at a glance, and overtime wages must be paid to workers in accordance with the labor law. Usually, you need to pay 1.5 times for overtime, twice on weekends and three times on national holidays.
In Sun's factory, workers' overtime pay remains unchanged, about 3 yuan per hour. The factory has two paychecks, which must be converted into overtime pay in accordance with the labor law.
Nike has found this phenomenon in the OEM factory. The Report on Cooperation Responsibility of Nike Company in Fiscal Year 2004 revealed that a supplier in China repeatedly violated the regulations prohibiting overtime work and forging records, and the investigation team made a rectification plan. Three business departments of Nike Company assisted the factory in implementing the plan. However, after half a year's efforts, the situation of the factory has not changed, so the factory was removed from the list by Nike.
When the customer inspects the factory, the workers are also required to be insured. According to Dongguan's standard, if workers are provided with four types of insurance: endowment insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and medical insurance, the factory will pay one worker 180 yuan every month. Sun's factory with more than 700 employees is not big, but the "four risks" are hundreds of thousands every month, which is 1 more than ten thousand a year. The high turnover rate of workers makes Sun Xianming feel that this expenditure is too worthless.
But without the information of workers' welfare protection, you can't get orders from brand companies. Sun Xianming said frankly that only 50% of the workers are insured, and most of them have worked for more than one year. Workers themselves have to pay 1/3, and factories have to pay 120 yuan.
The government is more "tolerant" to factories than customers are "following the rules". Sun Xian said that if the factory is not inspected by customers, the factory will not take the initiative to apply for overtime and purchase insurance from government departments. "The government also knows the difficulties of enterprises and will not strictly review them." He said, "Even if you buy insurance now, the government knows that the turnover rate of enterprises is high, so don't seek full insurance."
Difficulties in recruiting workers and factory inspection requirements have increased the wage cost of factories, and the profits of wool industry have become thinner and thinner in the past two years. "If you don't do it, others can do it. There are thousands of large and small wool mills in Changping Town and Dalang Town. Now the quotations are very low, so low that you don't want to do it, but the factory always has to open. " Sun Xian said that in the1990s, a 20-dollar dress earned six or seven dollars, but only three dollars later. "There is only a small profit of one dollar now."
He calculated an account for the reporter. Even if his factory is fully started in a year, it can probably make 6.5438+0.5 million to 6.5438+0.8 million pieces of clothing. According to the current market price, the gross profit of a dress is about two yuan, which is about 3 million a year. In addition, the factory now has two floors for rent, with an annual income of about 600,000 to 700,000. The salary of logistics and administrative personnel is 6,543,800 yuan per month, which is about 6,543,800 yuan per year. Water and electricity, machine depreciation, accessories and other skin expenses, at least several hundred thousand a year. In this way, the annual net profit of the factory is more than 654.38+0 million, which is almost one yuan for a piece of clothing. However, in order to maintain the normal operation of the factory, Sun Xian said that sometimes they took orders that they knew were losing money. "And there was a single order last year. Because the delivery was too late, it cost 800,000 yuan at a time." He said that his factory actually lost more than 3 million last year. Low and thin production profits make Sun Xianming walk on thin ice all day long, for fear of accidentally falling into losses. Last year, he saw with his own eyes that Zhuorong, the largest wool mill in Dalang Town with four or five thousand people, "closed down when it said it would".
In fact, even if the profit is so meager, the source itself is somewhat illegal. In Sun Xianming's factory, workers now earn an average of 300 hours a month in 3 yuan, 900 yuan. If you want to make up for overtime, each worker will earn 3 yuan:
1) Ordinary salary: 3 yuan per hour, 9 hours per day, 20 days per month, that is, 540 yuan; (this piece should be hard and fast! For example, the lowest 700 yuan, 4 yuan per hour. )
2) Overtime: 4.5 yuan per hour, 3 hours per day, 20 days per month, this is 270 yuan;
3) Overtime on weekends: 6 yuan per hour, 12 hours per day, 4 days per month, 288 yuan.
Adding up to 3 yuan, each worker should get a monthly salary of 1098 yuan, that is, he should get about 200 yuan more every month.
If overtime wages of laborers are supplemented according to the provisions of the Labor Law, Sun Xianming needs to pay 200 yuan more every month, which is 1.68 million yuan a year. If 700 workers' insurance is paid in full, each person 180 yuan, and one year is 1, 5 1, 000 yuan. Sun Xian Ming said: "Together, these two costs are enough to make many foundries in Dongguan lose money."
The decline in profit rate and high tolerance for low return on investment also exist in the footwear industry. The intensification of competition in the same industry and other reasons make Nike's contract supply chain constantly changing. In fiscal year 2004, Nike added 122 contract suppliers and terminated contracts with 34 factories. Nike said in the report that some changes in contract factories are based on changes in consumer demand and inclination, while others are related to the performance of factories in product quality, delivery, price and cooperation responsibility. Local factory owners in Dongguan generally believe that price is an important reason. "Either Nike's OEM price is higher than the cost of those enterprises, and enterprises can't do it, or enterprises have pressed the salary cost of personnel too hard, and workers have run away, or they have been checked by Nike and the government. Enterprises always walk by this river. "
The Change Theory of Government Pillar Industry and the Future of Foundry Industry
The labor department of the local government often takes a non-interference attitude towards multinational companies' inspection of the working conditions of processing enterprises in China. In this regard, Ge Youli, coordinator of the East Asia Fair Labor Association (FLA), believes that the government is absent in this process and should play a stronger role in labor supervision.
But from the interview, it is hard to say that the local government has done nothing. The board hit the local government, and the government felt wronged.
Zhang, director of Guangzhou Labor and Social Security Bureau, told Business Weekly that Guangzhou adjusted the minimum wage from 565,438 yuan to 684 yuan last year, which is by far the highest in the country. Zhang said that the increase of the minimum wage standard will definitely lead to the increase of enterprise costs. More importantly, whether the product and life cycle of an enterprise or even a production mode are suitable for the local development needs of the government directly affects the government's attitude towards it.
"Guangzhou's economy is no longer dependent on labor-intensive industries sensitive to the minimum wage policy." Jason said, "Now the economy here is not supported by shampoo and toothpaste. Petrochemical, steel, automobiles and ports have developed rapidly in recent years. "
Director Xie of Longhua Street Labor Management Office in Longan District of Shenzhen also said that labor-intensive industries are no longer the pillar of the local economy. At the beginning of 1990, the "three subsidies" enterprises accounted for 90% of Longhua's economy. After 1996, Longhua introduced several high-tech enterprises such as Foxconn, and now a Foxconn accounts for more than half of Longhua's local economy. Industrial upgrading has brought obvious benefits to the local area. According to Xie, in the early 1990s, 1968+0990, Longhua's annual tax revenue was only several hundred million, and by the end of last year it had reached more than two billion.
Compared with Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the pressure in Dongguan is much greater. According to Gan Wenchuan, director of Guangdong Human Resources Association, there are more than 1.3 million labor-intensive enterprises registered in Dongguan, accounting for 1/4 of the total number of local enterprises. The number of migrant workers in Dongguan is also the largest in the Pearl River Delta region. According to the statistics of the labor department, there are more than 2 million, but according to their private estimation, the actual number should be more than 5 million, while the local resident population in Dongguan is 6.5438+0.5 million.
Like other areas in the Pearl River Delta, the Dongguan municipal government has also begun to consider the way out for industrial upgrading. Gan Wenchuan believes that the current social security policies in Dongguan, such as land, production and living costs, and wage standards, have reached a stage where labor-intensive industries are unsustainable.
Regional industrial upgrading means giving up labor-intensive industries. Zhang's statement represents a change in the attitude of local governments: "The low added value is unbearable, which is normal and good. Transfer can promote the upgrading of local industries. " Sun Xianming knows this very well-the government will no longer support them, and there will be no preferential conditions for attracting investment in the early stage.
Can customers consider the pressure of rising factory costs and give the factory some living space? Sun Xianming has no illusions about this. "The wool industry is not a highly technical industry. If you don't do it, so many factories in Dongguan will do it, but enterprises in Dongguan can't do it, and even factories in Vietnam and the Philippines in the Mainland will do it. "
Fengtai Enterprise, a Nike OEM, confirmed that due to the low wage level in Vietnam, the order volume of Nike sports shoes in Vietnam will increase this year. Nike plans to produce 3.02 million pairs of shoes every month in Vietnam by the end of next year. At present, the production scale in China is about 6.5438+0.82 million pairs per month, and Viet Nam will become Nike's largest overseas production base.
In China, the transfer of industries to low-cost areas is also taking place, and some contract factories of Nike have begun to move their factories from Dongguan and Jiangsu to Jiangxi or the more remote Dabie Mountains.
Like thousands of wool mills in Dongguan, Sun Xianming's factory only does sample processing, not research and development. In addition to the production line workers, there are only administrative and financial managers, and there is no technical and sales department. Hong Kong bosses never thought of setting up such a department.
Sun Xianming doesn't want to talk about the future development of the enterprise, although he hasn't decided yet. "What can I do? Only by finding ways to grab more orders and dilute costs. " However, he also knows that other factories are working so hard to maintain, and the result of everyone grabbing orders can only be lower profits.
Going to other hot spots to seek lower costs has also become Sun Xianming's choice. The year before last, the company opened two branches in Ganzhou, Jiangxi. Compared with Dongguan, the wage level in Jiangxi is lower. At present, a worker is in 900 yuan and Dongguan for one month, but 700 yuan is enough. In Jiangxi, taxes and land prices are relatively favorable. However, Sun Xianming also expressed concern that the limitations of the mainland are relatively large, and in terms of labor force, the floating population is not as large as that of Guangdong. Recruiting may be difficult, so we can only start with novices and cultivate them slowly. He is also worried that there are more and more mainland enterprises, and what happened in Dongguan today will be repeated there tomorrow. He spread out his hand and asked, "Where can we move?"
Writer Wu Si once expounded the concept of "Chongzhen Dead Bend" in the book Hidden Rules: "We can imagine a U-shaped valley. Viewed from the side, Chongzhen led a large group of government troops to crush all the way, squeezing out more money and soldiers, suppressing the rebellion in various places and achieving certain results. However, the later he got, the harder he worked, and finally he hit the bottom. At this time, his efforts have caused completely opposite consequences. Heavy taxes crushed more farmers and drove away more bandits and rebels, but the scale and intensity of the rebellion began to rise. The situation in the country has reached this point, and Chongzhen has been cornered. With strong opposition forces such as Li Zicheng, the result of the calculation of people's interests suddenly changed, and the bottom of Chongzhen's dead bend was further raised. "
Nike and other multinational companies hold contracts, all the way to the foundry, and constantly squeeze profits from the "indiscriminate full supply" foundry by the mode of production order transfer. Because of the existence of a large number of substitutes, as long as they can make a profit by reducing costs, factory owners will choose to endure it. Then, under the same model, the foundry will continue to squeeze profits from the workers who are "fully supplied without discrimination". Because workers from the vast rural areas lack bargaining power, as long as their income is higher than farming in rural areas, they will choose to endure. At this time, external criticism and the so-called social responsibility principle committed to protecting workers' welfare only changed the way of squeezing brand companies sitting at the top of the pyramid, and further passed the responsibility and cost on to the foundry. Although the shift of responsibility of brand companies and the pressure of labor laws may or may not make the profit bottom of factory owners rise, the amazing compression elasticity shown by more vulnerable workers still keeps factory owners from approaching the final critical point. Since 2004, with the efforts of China government to reduce farmers' burden, reduce agricultural taxes and raise prices of agricultural products, the increase of rural agricultural income has greatly raised the "bottom" of workers, which may be disastrous for factory owners caught in the middle.
Answer: There are so many immortals-Magician Level 4 5- 19 22:35
Xing 'ang International Co., Ltd. is an international footwear manufacturing company. On 1990, he came to Chang 'an Town, Dongguan City, Chinese mainland to invest and set up a factory. At present, there are many factories in Chinese mainland, such as Xing 'ang, Xinglai, Xingpeng, Xiong Xing, Li Xing and Xingtai, covering an area of nearly 300,000 square meters, and they have invested and set up factories in Vietnam 1998. In 2002, it began to invest hundreds of millions of yuan in large industrial parks. The company mainly produces world-renowned brands of high-grade casual shoes for men and women. Its main customers are Nike, Timberland, Clark, NINEWEST, EASYSPIRIT, Brown, Reebok, ROCKPORT, SEARSKENNETHCOLE, VIASPIGA and so on. All products are exported to European and American markets. All factories have passed the ISO900 1 quality certification, and the products are of excellent quality, trusted by customers and consumers, and enjoy a high reputation in the world footwear industry. The company has first-class factory facilities and first-class shoemaking technology. The factory has perfect living and entertainment facilities for employees (ballroom, karaoke hall, chess room, table tennis room, billiards room, football field, basketball court, volleyball court, badminton court, plastic track, library, infirmary, welfare club, barber shop, skating rink, coffee shop, etc.). ). The company provides all kinds of professional and technical training for employees, and constantly improves the quality of cadres and employees. The company is well managed, operates legally and attaches importance to talents. There is a perfect salary and welfare system and employee promotion system, which provides a good soft and hard environment for the development of talents. Employees can enjoy all kinds of holidays stipulated by the labor law. Adhering to the business philosophy of "quality first, diligence and sureness, unity and cooperation, and Excellence", the company is determined to forge ahead and build Xing 'ang into a world-class enterprise and a leader in the shoe-making industry.