1. Establish, improve and strictly implement various safety rules and regulations?
Enterprises producing hazardous chemicals must strictly implement the laws, regulations and standards of the state, industry and relevant regulatory authorities. At the same time, establish and improve the safety management system in line with the actual situation of the unit, including safety legal management, safety technology management, comprehensive safety management, occupational health management, accident and emergency rescue management, inspection and performance appraisal management. In the establishment of various systems, safety responsibility system, safety education system, safety inspection system, special equipment management system, occupational hazard protection system and accident management system are the most important, and the established systems need constant review and improvement. ? At present, the problem existing in the enterprise system of hazardous chemicals production is not the establishment of the system, but the implementation of the system. For example, the main person in charge did not conduct regular safety inspections, did not conduct emergency rescue drills on a regular basis, did not go through the re-education procedures after the accident, and did not stipulate regular calibration of special equipment. All the rules and regulations we have established are the summary of many years' experience and lessons in production safety, and employees must abide by them. Only by strictly implementing the system requirements can we ensure safe production.
Second, strengthen the management of security accounts?
There are inflammable and explosive materials in the production process of hazardous chemicals, and it is more important to have a safety account and a safety operation ticket in the maintenance process. The safety account of hazardous chemicals production enterprises mainly refers to the use account of personal protective equipment and the management of all kinds of operation bills, among which the hot work permit, the operation permit in the equipment, the aerial work permit and the temporary electricity use permit are essential bills in maintenance operations. In this operation process, due to the danger of explosion, poisoning, chemical burns and falling from high altitude, the operation must be strictly analyzed, tested and reviewed by the safety management department before operation, and the operation can only be carried out with the relevant operation ticket issued. In the process of issuing safety operation bills, we found that the contents and approval procedures of bills are often a mere formality, or there are unrealistic requirements, and the work efficiency is low, which will be an aspect that needs to be improved in safety accounting. Safety account is an important part of safety management and one of the effective certificates for the implementation of safety measures. Attention should be paid to the establishment and improvement of safety accounts through effective forms to ensure the normal operation of production inspection and maintenance.
Third, carry out targeted safety training and education?
At present, most hazardous chemicals production enterprises involve various special equipment such as pressure vessels and pressure pipelines, and the hazard factors in production links are diversified, so the safety education and training for such enterprises should be stricter. In addition to the normal three-level safety education, employees should also be trained in targeted safety knowledge according to their respective production characteristics. For example, air respirator use, gas mask use training, emergency rescue and evacuation knowledge training to prevent toxic gas leakage, fire prevention and explosion protection knowledge explanation of flammable and explosive gas leakage, frostbite accident prevention and pretreatment knowledge and so on. When carrying out safety education and training, we should not only pursue the comprehensive content, but also adopt the method of "indoctrination". Combine theoretical knowledge with practical operation, increase interactive links as much as possible, ask more questions and give more examples to arouse employees' thinking and ensure the training effect.
Four. Develop safety culture infrastructure?
If an enterprise wants to be in the leading position in the shopping mall for a long time, the "safety image" is very important, and the "safety image" is mainly reflected in the safety culture construction of the enterprise. The construction of enterprise safety culture involves all families and society, including employees, and covers the activity places that everyone can touch. It emphasizes the physical and mental safety and health of employees, the whole people and even all mankind. Mainly through communication, propaganda, popular science, education, advocacy, law and other means, from people's consciousness, thoughts, concepts, life values, moral behavior and other aspects to inspire and educate people. Enterprise safety culture has a lasting impact on people's whole life process and improves people's safety quality. For example, publicizing the safety production policy and annual safety production objectives formulated by enterprises, standardizing and requiring employees to pay attention in the whole production process, and explaining accident lessons and operating procedures through various channels are all part of corporate culture construction.
V. Should hidden dangers be rectified as "closed-loop management"?
"Closed-loop management" refers to the whole process of continuously paying attention to and promoting a certain management behavior, rather than just finding problems without solving them and emphasizing the integrity of the behavior. The production of hazardous chemicals involves toxic, hazardous, flammable and explosive hazardous chemicals and high-temperature and high-pressure special equipment, which requires us to conduct regular safety inspections, notify relevant departments in time when finding hidden dangers, formulate rectification measures and implement them as soon as possible to prevent such accidents. However, it is easy for us to ignore, that is, the hidden dangers of accidents are found and put forward in the inspection, but the subsequent rectification in the later period is not paid attention to, which is easy to cause accidents. There is no "loop" in the whole rectification link, that is, there is no effective closed loop. Similarly, we also apply this "closed-loop management" to the whole process of safety management.
Six, scientifically carry out the "5s" management of the production site
"5s" means sorting, rectifying, sweeping, cleaning and self-cultivation. This kind of management activity is a successful management method introduced from Japanese enterprises. Finishing refers to the work site, distinguishing what is needed and what is not needed, keeping only the useful and removing the unnecessary; Rectification refers to putting things that need to be used in order according to the designated position and labeling them for management: cleaning refers to removing unnecessary things and keeping the workplace free of garbage and pollution; Cleaning refers to maintaining the above-mentioned sorted, rectified and cleaned conditions, so that the staff feel clean and tidy; Self-cultivation means that through the above 4S activities, every employee can consciously abide by various rules and regulations, develop good work habits, and reach the point of "taking the factory as home and being proud of it". For example, the disposal of waste, the state of equipment, the color management of archives, and the sanitation and cleaning of the site all belong to the scope of "5s" management. The essence of "5s" management is the standardized management of production site. Scientific "5s" management can not only improve corporate image, reduce waste, promote standardization construction, increase employees' sense of belonging, but also improve management level and prevent accidents.
7. Establish and improve standardized operating procedures?
The production process of hazardous chemicals production enterprises should be standardized. Standardized operating procedures should be established for every process, behavior and action in the production process, and the changes of every control parameter can be found from the operating procedures, such as start-up procedures, overpressure handling procedures, abnormal shutdown handling procedures, etc. , rather than artificial random changes. When the standardized operating procedures established for some reasons cannot meet the current operating requirements, they should be corrected and improved in time.
Eight, accident management is comprehensive and scientific?
Accident management mainly includes three aspects: accident file establishment, accident statistical analysis and accident handling and tracking. The establishment of accident files is mainly to record the rescue and treatment process when and after the accident; The statistical analysis of accidents is mainly to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents and analyze the causes of accidents in detail; Accident handling tracking refers to the tracking of the responsible person's handling situation, re-education situation and the implementation of various preventive measures. In addition, people think that near misses have no direct loss, and often ignore their harm, but they don't know that near misses are actually the biggest killer of casualty accidents, especially dangerous chemicals production enterprises should attach great importance to the recording, analysis and handling of near misses. Effective and scientific accident management can help us draw lessons from the past, avoid similar accidents and reduce casualties and property losses.
Nine, fully ensure the integrity of the emergency rescue system?
According to national laws and regulations, hazardous chemicals production enterprises must establish their own emergency rescue system to ensure that losses in all aspects are minimized when accidents occur. The integrity of the emergency rescue system includes the training of rescue knowledge, the establishment of management network, regular drills, the updating of contents and the guarantee of rescue facilities.
However, in the process of the establishment and implementation of the actual emergency rescue system, we found that all kinds of plans are strictly compiled, commanders and logistics support personnel are available, and the content is perfect. However, the field trip is quite different. Without regular drills, communication facilities can't be guaranteed, and contact information can't be updated in time after personnel changes, which can't guarantee the full and effective emergency rescue system, so that it can't respond as soon as possible when an accident occurs, which brings huge losses.
To sum up, with the rapid development of China's industry today, due to the weak foundation of safe production, insufficient management level, and the influence and restriction of China's economic level, comprehensive quality of personnel and geographical environment, the situation of safe production in various development fields in China, especially coal mines, fireworks and firecrackers, and chemical enterprises, is severe and prominent, and serious accidents occur frequently, which needs to be improved urgently. It is hoped that various effective management methods can be used flexibly to conduct comprehensive and scientific management and supervision of hazardous chemicals production enterprises, especially in the implementation process, creating more benefits for employees and enterprises.