1, open flames and all kinds of kindling cause the warehouse to burn and explode.
2. Explosives are subjected to intense friction, impact and vibration, resulting in violent chemical reactions, releasing a lot of heat and gas, leading to fire and explosion in warehouses.
3. Excessive and expired storage will make explosives agglomerate and absorb moisture, leading to explosion.
4. Mixed storage, transportation and packaging damage of explosives with conflicting properties. Mixed with people and sundries, causing an explosion.
Second, the explosion-proof measures
1. Fire protection requirements for explosives warehouse
(1) location selection
(1) Because the seismic wave, shock wave, shock wave fluid and explosion debris generated by the explosion of explosives will spread to a wide range, and the high temperature generated by the explosion will also cause fire, the warehouse location of explosives must be selected in an open area far away from the city and sparsely populated. In mountainous and hilly areas, we can dig caves to build libraries or use the existing natural terrain as a barrier.
② The library site is far away from the surrounding important roads. Bridges, ports, airports, important building areas and residential areas must keep enough safe distance. At present, the safe distance between explosives warehouse and surrounding buildings in China is determined according to the Safety Code for Design of Civil Explosive Equipment Factory and blasting safety regulations.
(3) When selecting the location of the warehouse, in order to prevent the back pressure from releasing in case of explosion accident, causing heavy losses, narrow valleys should be avoided, which can be set at the foot of the mountain or in the valleys of high mountains; In order to avoid the threat of earthquake, flood, landslide and debris flow in flood season, the earthquake zone should be avoided. Close to dry rivers, seasonal rivers and areas with soft soil or poor vegetation; No additional buildings and other facilities shall be built in the safety zone, and no blasting operation shall be carried out.
(2) Excessive storage is strictly prohibited.
The maximum allowable storage capacity of a single explosive warehouse in the general explosive warehouse area shall be implemented according to the specific provisions of the Safety Code for Design of Civil Explosive Equipment Factory. The storage capacity of a user's unit is generally considered to meet the needs of three months, and it is appropriately increased or decreased according to the specific circumstances of the surrounding environment.
(3) Rational layout of warehouses
Because explosives have a characteristic-when the explosives here explode, the adjacent explosives will also explode, that is, "martyrdom explosion". Therefore, the minimum safe distance between warehouses must be determined according to the number of drugs stored, the types of drugs stored and the safety facilities, otherwise it will lead to chain explosions due to improper distance.
(4) The warehouse building should meet the requirements.
(1) The warehouse shall be a single-story building with a rectangular plane. Walls, columns, beams and roofs shall be made of incombustible materials. Black powder and nitroglycerin explosives warehouses are supported by brick walls with light and fragile roofs. The warehouse of explosives, ammunition, initiating explosive device and fuse adopts brick wall bearing and reinforced concrete roof.
(2) The gunpowder and explosive warehouse should use the ground without sparks; The ground with conductive rubber on the surface of cement mortar should be used in the electrostatic sensitive explosive depot.
(3) The warehouse door should be equipped with double wooden doors and open outwards. The width of the doorway is not less than 1.5m, and there is no threshold. Hanging doors, sliding doors or spring doors should not be used. An outer door hopper and a loading and unloading awning should be set, and the inner and outer doors should be oriented in the same direction. The number of safety exits shall not be less than two, and the distance from any point in the warehouse to the safety exits shall not be greater than15m. A warehouse with an area of less than 220 square meters can be equipped with a safety exit, and it is advisable to ensure that the distance from any point in the warehouse to the safety exit is not more than 30 meters. Windows should be equipped with iron railings or shutters, and sunny windows should be equipped with sun visors or painted with self-painted or frosted glass. Vents should be protected with barbed wire to prevent mice and other small animals from entering the warehouse.
(4) storing powdered absorbent and black powder. The indoor wall of the primary explosive warehouse should be plastered, and the ground should be flat, solid, moisture-proof, anti-corrosive and crack-free.
⑤ The warehouse should be well ventilated and the temperature is appropriate. Especially in the hot season, appropriate cooling measures should be taken.
(5) Set up protective dike.
To a certain extent, preventing nurses from surrounding the embankment can prevent the damage of explosion flames, shock waves and explosion fragments to adjacent buildings, resist the threat of external explosion to warehouses, greatly shorten the safe distance and save land.
Generally, the height of the embankment should not be lower than the cornice of the warehouse, but better than the cornice1.5m.. Its upper width is not less than 1m, and its lower width is determined by the static angle of the soil (generally 45 degrees). There should be a distance of 2 ~ 3 meters between the waste line of the earth embankment and the external wall of the warehouse, and there should be a drainage ditch.
(6) Ensure the safety of power supply facilities
① Electrical lines shall not be erected above the warehouse at will, and all electrical equipment used in the warehouse shall be qualified products.
(2) The electrical circuits in the warehouse should be laid underground with needle-type cables, or copper-core rubber insulated wires should be laid through iron pipes, and the entrance should be grounded separately.
(3) If overhead lines are used for power supply, the lightning rod shall be terminated at the inlet, and the length of the cable introduced into the warehouse shall not be less than 50m.
(4) The insulation strength of the conductor is not less than 500 volts, and it is not allowed to pass through the berm. When it is necessary to pass, measures should be taken to ensure safety and facilitate maintenance.
⑤ Explosion-proof lamps can be used in the warehouse, projection lamps can also be installed outside the warehouse, and niche lamps can be installed in the warehouse wall. It is best not to install lighting in small warehouses or warehouses with less goods in and out at night. Occasionally, when goods need to enter and exit at night, you can use a flashlight to illuminate, not a mobile electric lamp.
③ The insulation strength of communication equipment wires in the reservoir area is not less than 250 volts.
(7) Install necessary lightning protection equipment.
(1) The explosive warehouse must take appropriate lightning protection measures to prevent direct lightning and induction lightning. The invasion of lightning waves.
(2) In order to prevent direct lightning strikes, lightning rods must generally be installed around the warehouse. All parts of the warehouse must be completely within the protection range of lightning rod.
(3) The warehouses storing high-power explosives and high explosives such as detonators, RDX, TNT and TNT should be equipped with lightning protection devices for lightning counterattack, lightning induction and lightning wave intrusion prevention.
(8) Equipped with corresponding fire control facilities.
(1) The explosives warehouse shall be equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment, fire-fighting pools and fire-fighting water supply pipes. The fire pool should keep enough water, the water in the larger reservoir area should be kept at100 ~ 200m, and the water in the smaller reservoir area should be kept at 50 ~ 70m. The fire water consumption of the fire water supply pipeline is determined to be 20 liters/second. Fire fighting equipment should be managed by special personnel and checked regularly to ensure that it is complete and easy to use at any time.
(2) Weeds around the warehouse should be removed frequently to eliminate fire hazards, and weeds and trees in the fire isolation belt should also be removed regularly.
(9) Formulate strict storage measures.
(1) The explosives warehouse must be equipped with a warehouse director. Full-time supervisors and necessary security forces. According to the size of the warehouse, set up a full-time fire brigade or a mass voluntary fire brigade to strengthen daily fire inspection and fire fighting training, just in case.
(2) Establish and improve a set of safe custody system. Such as warehousing registration system, safety inspection system, "five pairs" (double custody. Double lock, double volume, double delivery, double collection) system, accounting system and safe operation system.
(3) When stacking explosives, they should be stable, tidy and easy to carry. The marks of explosives in the box should be outward to facilitate inspection.
④ The stacking height of explosive boxes shall not exceed 2m, and each pile shall not exceed 770 boxes; The stacking height of detonator boxes shall not exceed 1.6m, and each pile shall not exceed 300 boxes.
⑤ The width of the passage facing the door shall not be less than 1.5m, the distance between the stacks and the wall shall not be less than 0.6m, and the spacing between the stacks shall not be less than1.3m. ..
(10) The classified storage system is implemented.
(1) All kinds of explosives should be classified and stored in special warehouses according to their sensitivity.
(2) It is forbidden for all explosives and oxidants to spontaneously ignite. Acid. Alkali salt, flammable and combustible materials, metal powder and steel are stored in the same warehouse.
(3) Mercury chloride, lead azide and dinitrodiazophenol. Detonators and other highly sensitive detonating explosives and detonating equipment shall not be stored in the same warehouse as explosives and detonating cords.
(4) Failure and deterioration of blasting equipment and semi-finished products, as well as nonconforming products. Waste products shall not be stored in the same warehouse as qualified products.