We know that Zhao Gao is a man with children. His daughter married Yan Le. Yan Le was appointed as the first king of Xianyang order and participated in the coup. This is obvious evidence that Zhao Gao is not a eunuch. Actually Sima Qian never said that Zhao Gao was a eunuch. Not only in all the history books before the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sima Qian never said that Zhao Gao was a eunuch. The misunderstanding that Zhao Gao is a eunuch stems from the misunderstanding of the word "eunuch" and the ugly misinterpretation of the word "Tibetan Palace".
According to records, Zhao Gao is an official with official records. This is a material that Zhao Gao was misunderstood as a eunuch. However, according to the newly unearthed bamboo slips of Zhangjiashan Han Tomb, "official" means serving in the palace. Officials are people who work in the palace, equivalent to the personal bodyguard of the king or emperor. Official registration is used to register people entering and leaving the palace gate. During the Qin and Han dynasties, no matter "official", "official" or "eunuch", it did not mean that castrated people held official positions in the palace, which was the so-called "eunuch" in later generations. At that time, castrated people were called "candidates" and eunuchs serving in the palace were called "official elections", which had a very clear definition. According to this latest material, Zhao Gao was an official in the palace, that is, a minister trusted by the emperor, not an official who was castrated.
Said: "Tell the world that everyone was born in a secret palace." This is another material that Zhao Gao was mistaken for a eunuch. The meaning of the word "hidden palace" is still unclear. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Shan inscribed Historical Records and Biography of Lisi. He interpreted the "palace" in his Tibetan palace as castration, which led to the statement that Zhao Gao's father was castrated and his mother gave birth to Zhao Gao brothers. Zhao Gao's younger brother, surnamed Zhao, was castrated and became a eunuch. The bigger the lie, the happier it is, so it will be repeated. After the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Gao became an official and eunuch, and gradually settled down. There was no scandal. Teacher Ma, an expert in Qin history, has long pointed out that the word "hidden palace" is a misprint of "hidden official" and that "Zhao Gao brothers were born in hidden palace". After the bamboo slips of Zhangjiashan Han Tomb were unearthed, the meaning of Tibetan officials became clearer. Hidden officials not only refer to the place where prisoners work, but also refer to the identity of prisoners, which has nothing to do with castration and castration.
Gu Jiegang, a famous historian, has a very famous conclusion, which is the so-called stratification of ancient history. Teacher Gu believes that the ancient history we see today is no longer original, but has undergone constant transformation and rewriting, which has increased the interest of past dynasties. To understand the true ancient history, we must clean up the supplements of past dynasties and restore the truth of ancient times. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs brought disaster to the country and people, and Liu's misinterpretation coincided with people's hatred of eunuchs at that time. Everyone is willing to spread rumors that the countries that have perished are eunuchs. Eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty were autocratic and disorderly, and the soul of ancient eunuchs' national subjugation still existed. In this atmosphere of analogical condemnation, the rumor that Zhao Gao became a eunuch naturally continued and became the final conclusion. By the Ming Dynasty, the eunuch curse became more and more serious. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the great eunuch Li was still running amok in Cixi Palace, and the people hated eunuchs. Therefore, the history of misinterpretation has been handed down as official history. However, none of this matters. I just take this opportunity to express my feelings about human weakness. We all want to believe in what we want to be.
Historical narration is based on historical facts. Verifying the truth of historical facts is the basis of historians' work, because without truth, everything is built on quicksand. The authenticity identification and textual research of historical materials is another kind of history that needs to be expressed in the form of papers. Now, let's go back to the historical narrative and cut into the behavior dune plot before Zhao Gao again.
Is the surname of the Zhao royal family, and Zhao Gao's paternal line is the family of the Zhao royal family. During the Warring States Period, the whole world was allied with Lian Heng. Countries formed alliances, exchanged contracts and held the prince hostage. Most of these hostages are unwelcome aliens among the king's many children. After taking the oath, they often stay abroad for a long time. Many people are poor all their lives and can't come back until they die. Zhao Gao's ancestor, a proton from Zhao to Qin, was not favored in Zhao, but was dissatisfied in Qin and stayed in Qin. Later, he got married and had children in the state of Qin, and later generations lived in Xianyang and became Qin people, just like ordinary people.
Zhao Gao has several brothers, all of whom are anonymous officials. The only person who left his name in history was his brother Zhao Cheng. Zhao Cheng succeeded Zhao Gao and became a doctor of the Qin Empire. He participated in the coup of the murdered king and was also a character. Secret officials are workshops set up by the government to hold prisoners in humble places. Zhao Gao's mother was punished for her guilt. After being pardoned, she couldn't see anyone because of her physical disability, and she didn't want to be seen.
In the hierarchy of the Qin Dynasty, people who work and live incognito are also called incognito. In the current words, it is equivalent to a person released from prison. Their status is lower than ordinary people, and they can only occupy half of the land and houses of ordinary people. The imperial law pays attention to justice. Although the status of hidden officials is very low, their marriage is not restricted and their children's status is the same as that of ordinary people. Zhao Gao's father, probably a junior judge, is a hidden official who knows the law and is good at calligraphy. Anonymous, he met Zhao Gao's mother, formed a family, and gave birth to the Zhao Gao brothers. Qin is a country that attaches importance to the world, inherits his father's business, and takes officials as teachers to become the national policy of the empire. Zhao Gao became a first-class calligrapher and jurist as an adult, which was closely related to his father's occupation and influence.
Zhao Gao was born in the late Qin Dynasty, about 5 1 year, from Xianyang, Qin Dou. At that time, the battle of Changping between Qin and Zhao entered the late stage, and Handan, the capital of Zhao, was besieged by Qin Jun. Qin Shihuang was born in Handan three years ago, and he and his mother were trapped there. It's interesting to think of it. Qin Shihuang and Zhao Gao were basically in the same era, which played the role of communication and destruction in history. Qin Shihuang's father was a member of the Qin royal family. Born in Qin and Zhao, married in Zhao. Qin Shihuang was born in Handan, the capital of Zhao, and later destroyed Zhao. Zhao Gao, a native of Zhao, went from Zhao to Qin and married Qin. Zhao Gao was born in Xianyang, Qin Dou, and was later destroyed by Qin. Another contemporary of Liu Bang was born in Pei County, Chu in the same year. More than 40 years later, they joined hands with Zhao Gao to destroy the Qin Dynasty, quickly inherited the legacy of Qin Shihuang and established a dynasty based on the Han Dynasty. As for another important figure related to the rise and fall of the Qin empire, Li Si, now an adult, is about 25 years old and works as a county magistrate in Chu. These people who will promote history did not collide, but scattered around, silently waiting for the call of history.
Since Shang Yang's political reform, Qin ruled the country according to law. Soldiers are most respected by society; People are most afraid of being officials. There are only two ways for men in Qin to enter the society: joining the army and being an official. When this person 17 years old, Fuji began to undertake national labor, or joined the army, killed the enemy, made meritorious deeds, or studied in outpatient clinics, and passed the selection examination to become an official. The study room is an official school specialized in training grammar officials, which is located in the capital and counties respectively. Most students are selected from the children of grammar officials. They/kloc-entered school at the age of 0/7 and studied for three years, mainly studying literacy, calligraphy and law. After three years of study, those who can recite more than 5000 words will pass the qualification examination in their study room. They can act as deacons of grammar affairs, that is, clerks. In addition to being awarded history, you can also participate in the primary election sponsored by the central government. Preliminary examinations were held in various places, and the papers of each county were sent to Xianyang, the capital, for review by Shaofu Mahavamsa. As a result of judgment, promotion is the best and punishment is the worst. The best achievement is to be appointed as Jiazhou County, equivalent to a secretary, directly subordinate to the county magistrate; Those with the worst grades will be removed from their historical posts. Three years later, an advanced selection examination was held for those who took up the post of creating history. After strict examination and assessment, the best candidate was selected. He entered the DPRK as a minister of history and died. Directly served as courtiers on the left and right sides of the king of Qin.
Because his father is a language judge and strict with his children, the Zhao Gao brothers probably studied reading, writing and law under the guidance of their father from an early age, laying a solid grammar foundation. Zhao Gao grew up smart, agile, studious, persistent and tenacious. His formal grammar career may be smooth sailing. 17 years old, entered the study room with Judge Wen's children and got excellent grades. Three years later, he passed the qualification examination and was awarded history. Then, he passed the primary examination and was named the best Chinese judge in history class. Three years later, he took the advanced selection exam, won the first place again, entered the court of the king of Qin, inherited the history of books, died, and directly became the secretary around the king of Qin. Among thousands of grammar officials in Qin State, Zhao is an outstanding figure. After Zhao Gao entered Korea, his ability began to directly enter Ying Zheng's field of vision, that is, the future Qin Shihuang.
When Zhao Gao entered the DPRK, he was about twenty-three, about thirteen years earlier than the Qin Dynasty. This year, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, was twenty-six. In the fifth year after he joined the government, he began to make great political achievements. Qin's bureaucratic system is tight and complete, and the promotion of Judge China is a gradual process. Zhao Gao is very lucky. During his tenure in Qin Gong, he was directly appreciated by Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, and stood out in the history of many ministers and dead people in Shaofu. He was appointed as an official of CRRC.
Da Fuling is a subordinate of his great servant. Taiping Cong is one of the nine ministers in the major provinces of the Empire, and is responsible for the transportation of horses and chariots in the Empire, which is equivalent to the Minister of Communications. His subordinates include various government agencies and the Ma Yuan Supervisory Mission. Like all kinds of car spokes, the official rank is 600 stones, there is also an adjutant car spoke, the official rank is 300 stones, and there are dozens of officials. In terms of official rank, the CRRC government is only a middle-level official; However, because CRRC is a forbidden car in the palace, its status is equivalent to the emperor's attendants and car and horse supervisors. It is responsible for managing the emperor's chariots and horses, accompanying the emperor to travel, and even driving for the emperor himself. This position is so important that the emperor can't get close to his trusted confidant.
Zhao Gao's courtier CRRC was personally selected and appointed by Ying Zheng, King of Qin. Zhao Gao was appreciated by Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. In addition to outstanding achievements in the examination and selection, personal ability and intelligence after entering Qin Gong are also the main factors. Zhao Gao's calligraphy is first-class, so in the huge empire of Qin, probably no one can beat it except Li Si, the prime minister. Zhao Gao's accomplishments in primary school writing are also extremely profound. He made considerable contributions to the reform of writing in the late Qing Dynasty. He wrote six biographies of Historical Records of Meng Tian, which is a part of the official literacy textbook of Qin Dynasty, and also a famous philology book. Qin Empire is a pragmatic country ruled by law and a tool for studying administrative documents and criminal law. Zhao Gao's exquisite calligraphy is only the preparation and achievement of his study of criminal law and prison law. In the complicated and strict legal system of Qin, Zhao was a professional legal master and a famous jurist. In his later years, Qin Shihuang entrusted his education to his youngest son, Hu Hai, precisely because of his exquisite attainments in calligraphy, calligraphy and law.
History books say that Zhao Gao is hardworking, persevering and decisive, which is a summary of his outstanding administrative talents. Of course, this is also one of the factors that Qin Shihuang appreciated him. However, there are practical reasons why Zhao Gao was promoted to the position of secretariat by Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, and Zhao Gao is the right person for this position.
Zhong Fuling was the emperor's attendant and the supervisor of horses and chariots, and he had very strict requirements on the management of horses and chariots and the ability to maintain the safety of the emperor. According to the law of the Qin Dynasty, drivers have to undergo at least four years of training. After four years, they can't even control their own horses and chariots. The instructor will be punished and fined, and I will do hard labor for four years. Qualified drivers must be under 40 years old and over 7 feet 5 inches tall; Walking forcefully, chasing galloping horses; Flexible skills, able to ride up and down; Skilled driving skills, able to move back and forth; Powerful, able to control the standards in the car; Martial arts are high-intensity, and you can draw eight powerful crossbows and bows before galloping. China and car home brought together the essence of the royal cars of the Qin Dynasty. For their requirements, this is far more than the average rider. In modern terms, everyone is the master of chariots and horses, and everyone is a warrior in Ouchi. The bronze chariots and horses unearthed from Qin Shihuang's mausoleum were cast according to the realistic style of Qin Shihuang's life. Their chariots are equipped with swords and crossbows, and their beards are elegant, powerful and calm. This is a photo of the official family of CRRC Palace. CRRC government order is the head of CRRC government and the highest owner of royal cars and spices. As you can imagine, Zhao Gao, the commander-in-chief of CRRC, is tall and burly, good at horseback riding, archery and sword dancing, and has extraordinary martial arts. He is a rare talent with both civil and military skills in the Qin Dynasty.
Zhao Gao's promotion to CRRC is of great significance to his life. Its significance lies not only in the promotion of its status, but also in the fact that it involves the core and center of the Qin regime and touches important secrets, which will directly affect the world political situation if the time is right. When Zhao Gao became an official of CRRC, he was about forty years old, in the prime of life, with a bright future.
However, under the autocratic system of official career, the hierarchical system of officialdom and the rule of monarch, everyone is a helpless pawn. What's more, when an emergency happens, everyone has his own destiny. When the future was promising, Zhao Gao broke the law and went to prison. The emperor ordered Meng Ke, the minister, to give it a try. As a result of the trial, Zhao Gao was sentenced to death, dismissed from office, deprived of his official position in the palace and awaiting execution. It is very important to be close to the emperor. Meng Yi did not dare to hide it, but directly wrote to the first emperor to decide. The emperor could not bear to cherish, thinking that Zhao Gao had been in office for many years, acting quickly and diligently, so he made an exception and pardoned Zhao Gao and restored Che Fu's official position. The details of this matter are not recorded in the history books. However, judging from the history of later generations, Zhao Gao's life, sand dunes, the fate of the Montessori family, and even the demise of the Qin Empire can not be ignored. We'll talk about this later.