Recently, it was discovered that a foreign coach who accompanied the Rio Olympic Games had just returned to China and had symptoms of nausea, fever and muscle pain. The hospital did not dare to take it lightly after the rapid screening of dengue fever, and the blood sample was sent to the center for examination. It is understood that this foreign coach has symptoms of fever, nausea and muscle pain today. When he went to see the doctor, he said that he had just returned from Brazil. The hospital immediately gave him a rapid screening for dengue fever, and the initial rapid screening result was negative. Doctors are worried about Zika virus. In order to be cautious, he has sent the coach's blood sample to the CDC for inspection, and the results will be released by the CDC. So, what exactly is Zika virus? What are the clinical manifestations of patients?

1, Zika virus

1. Zika was originally the name of a jungle in southern Uganda, Africa. Scientists isolated this virus from rhesus monkeys living in that jungle for the first time. It is called Zika virus. 1952 was isolated from people in Uganda and Tanzania. 1968, a human case of Zika virus was found in Nigeria, and it gradually spread to Southeast Asia and the western Pacific island countries.

2. In 2007, Zika virus disease broke out for the first time in Micronesia in the western Pacific, with 185 cases. Zika virus broke out in French Polynesia from 20 13 to 10, with tens of thousands of cases. In May of 20 15, the first local infection case was discovered in Brazil, and the epidemic continued to ferment until a large-scale epidemic occurred.

3. As of June 20 16 and 1 year, there was evidence of Zika virus transmission in at least 45 countries in Africa, Asia and America. At present, the countries infected by indigenous peoples are mainly Latin America south of the United States, including Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Honduras, French Guiana, Venezuela, Barbados, Bolivia and Dominica.

2. Clinical manifestations

First, fever, but Zika virus rarely has a high fever, and it is generally a low fever, ranging from 37.5 degrees to 38.5 degrees.

Second, maculopapular rash. It belongs to a kind of rash. There are red skin papules around the chassis.

Third, joint pain, mainly small joints such as hands and feet.

Fourth, non-suppurative conjunctivitis, that is, congestion but less secretion.

5. Other symptoms of infection include myalgia, headache, orbital pain and weakness; Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, mucosal ulcer, skin itching.

3. Transmission routing

1. Zika virus is an arbovirus that can be transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes mosquitoes. There are two main types of Aedes mosquitoes, one is Aedes aegypti (with four lines on the back), which is mainly distributed in tropical areas, and the other is Aedes albopictus (with a line on the head), which can be distributed in temperate regions. These two mosquitoes have black and white patterns on their six legs, so they are also called flower-footed mosquitoes.

2. Zika virus is spread through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, which can also spread dengue fever, chikungunya fever and yellow fever. Aedes mosquitoes must exist to transmit Zika virus to people. At present, there is no evidence that Zika virus will spread from person to person, and Zika virus will not spread through contact.

3. The National Health and Family Planning Commission issued the "Zika Virus Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Program" on February 3, which introduced that the bite of Aedes mosquitoes carrying the virus is the most important route of transmission. Zika virus may be transmitted from mother to child, including intrauterine infection and delivery infection. Zika virus nucleic acid can be detected in milk, but there is no report of neonatal infection through breastfeeding. Rare blood transmission and sexual transmission.

4. How to treat it

1. Although Zika virus has aroused widespread concern, its clinical symptoms are mostly mild, and it can heal itself in 2-7 days, and few people really need hospitalization. Severe cases and deaths are rare.

Secondly, Zika virus, as an RNA virus, has no antiviral drugs at present, and it is basically mild symptoms, so it can only be treated symptomatically, mainly by taking more rest, not bed rest, but by reducing physical activity. Besides, you need to drink more water.

Thirdly, it is not recommended to use aspirin as an antipyretic to treat Zika virus disease. Because Zika virus disease is very easy to be confused with dengue virus. Dengue virus can cause thrombocytopenia. If you use aspirin before the diagnosis, if you are infected with dengue virus at the same time or in fact, it will increase the risk of bleeding.

5. How to prevent it

If you are not pregnant and want to go to the area where the epidemic broke out recently, you can take some necessary protective measures. At present, it is mainly to prevent mosquitoes and avoid outdoor activities. Wear long pants and spray mosquito repellent for outdoor activities. If you work in the local area for a long time, you should pay attention to ensuring that there are no mosquito breeding grounds and mosquito nets around.

6. Distinguish Gordon from Zika

According to the website of the National Health Planning Commission, at present, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention has successfully developed the nucleic acid detection reagent for the virus and mastered the detection method of Zika virus. The main basis for diagnosing Zika virus:

First, whether there is Zika virus nucleic acid in blood, the positive rate of blood collection is high in 2-5 days (generalized 3-7 days), and negative results beyond this time range are not excluded.

Second, through serological diagnosis, 4 days after the patient has fever symptoms, check the neutralizing antibody of Zika virus. Dengue virus and Zika virus belong to the same genus, and there will be cross-immune reaction. The titer of neutralizing antibody infected with Zika virus alone will increase significantly, which is more than four times that of dengue virus.