Greater Houston area (including six surrounding counties), with an area of 8778.5438+0 square miles and a population of about 4.22 million (estimated to be1995 at the end of the year); The urban area of Houston is 596. 1 1 square mile, and the population is1630,000 (US Federal Bureau of Statistics figure 1992). Mainly whites, blacks and Mexicans, among which the population of Mexico has grown rapidly in recent years.
Houston has a subtropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 20.7℃ and an average annual rainfall of 1.224 mm. Summer is hot and humid, and the temperature above 33℃ reaches 94 days. The annual sunshine duration is 188 days, and there are many hurricanes from July to 165438+ 10 every year.
On April 2nd, 1986, Houston and Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China became sister cities.
/kloc-More than 0/50 years ago, the Houston area was the residence of the Kalongkawa Indian tribe. 1836, the Allen brothers, a real estate developer, bought 2,690 hectares of land to develop the city. They named the city after the then presidents of Texas and Sam Houston, hence the name Houston. From 1837 to 184o, Houston is the capital of Texas. 1845, Texas merged into the United States and became a state. At the beginning of this century, oil was discovered in Houston, and capitalists flocked to Houston. Houston's economy developed rapidly around the oil industry. 19 14, the city of Houston dug an 80-kilometer-long shipping passage to connect with the Gulf of Mexico and established the port of Houston. In the 1940s, medicine and medical treatment developed rapidly, and a famous medical center was established in the future. After World War II, petrochemical industry and oil refining industry developed rapidly on both sides of the coastal shipping channel.
In the early 1960s, the Johnson Space Center, the largest space center in the United States, was established in Houston. In 1970s, the world oil price soared, and Houston became the "energy capital of the world" with superior conditions. However, due to the economic recession in the United States in 198O, oil prices fell, and Houston's economy suffered a serious setback, with the unemployment rate as high as 1O%%. Since then, Houston has devoted itself to changing the single oil industry and diversifying its development, which enabled its economy to recover and develop in the 1980s. After entering the 1990s, despite the economic depression in other parts of the United States, Houston's economic growth momentum has not diminished, and it has gradually become one of the high-tech centers in the United States.
From 1994, the GDP of Greater Houston is $65,438+$37,306 million, of which the output value of service industry, manufacturing industry, retail industry, transportation industry and mining industry accounts for more than 75%. The manufacturing industry in Houston ranks seventh in the United States, and the retail industry ranks 1 1. 1997, the whole region provided1760,000 jobs.
Houston is an important commercial center. Among the 5OO largest companies in the United States, 15 is headquartered in Houston (including 5 of the 5OO largest companies in the world). Many other big companies also set their American headquarters in Houston. In addition, according to 1OO published by 1995 Happiness magazine, three of the fastest growing companies are based in Houston. These rankings are based on sales and profit growth in recent years.
1994, the manufacturing output value of Houston reached $2187.5 billion, accounting for 15.9% of the GDP of Greater Houston. The main products include chemicals, gasoline, non-electric machinery, oilfield equipment, food and metal products.
Houston is the center of American petroleum industry and petrochemical industry. It is in a leading position in mining, processing, transportation, market development, service, supply and technology. A pipeline thousands of miles long connects more than 200 chemical plants, oil refineries, salt processing plants and distillation plants along the coast of Texas Bay. According to statistics, from 65438 to 0994, 932,000 tons of plastic primary products were exported through Houston Port. Of the 65,438+000 largest energy companies in the United States, 28 are headquartered here, and more than 5,000 companies are engaged in energy-related businesses. Houston is also an extremely important international financial and trade center, and nearly 40 of the world's top 50 banks have set up branches or representative offices here.
Houston has a good investment environment. At present, 20 large companies are on the Fortune 500 list. Its land transportation is very convenient, and the 14 railway trunk line radiates outward, making it one of the busiest railway freight centers in the United States. Expressways extend in all directions, and two major interstate highways meet here. The three airports in Houston constitute the fourth largest airport system in the United States. Bush International Airport is one of the busiest airports in South America. 24 passenger transport companies and 1 1 freight companies operate here. Passenger flights connect 1 10 domestic stations and 50 international stations in 22 countries in 5 states. Houston Port is the largest import and export port in the United States, and it is also an important gateway for American foreign trade, with the total port throughput ranking first in the United States.
One of the financial centers. There are 629 commercial banks, 220 credit institutions, 659 mortgage institutions and 905 securities trading institutions in the Greater Houston area. In 200 1 year, the service industry accounted for one-fifth ($230.4 billion) of the region's GDP.
Houston is an international metropolis. More than 70 countries have established consulates or honorary consuls in this city, and their delegations are second only to new york and Los Angeles.
The quality of labor resources in closed cities is relatively high, and a quarter of adults have received higher education for more than four years. There are more than 40 higher education institutions in the Houston area. Rice University, founded in 19 12, is a famous private institution in the United States. 1996 two professors from the chemistry department of our school won the nobel prize in chemistry for discovering carbon 60. The Baker Institute for Policy Studies is located in this school.
The cultural life in Houston is rich and colorful. It is one of the few cities in the United States with its own ballet (Hu Ba was founded in 1955, which is one of the five largest ballet companies in the United States), opera house (also one of the five largest opera houses in the United States), symphony orchestra and theater (Avery Theatre was founded in 1947, and won the Tony Award for Best Local Theatre in 1996). The total audience of rest cinema is second only to new york, ranking second in the United States. The urban museum district attracts millions of tourists every year. In sports, Houston Rockets (basketball), astronauts (baseball) and Texans (football) are all famous in the United States. The herdsmen's competition held in February every year is very characteristic of South America, and the livestock fair held during this period is the largest of its kind in the world.
There are 54 radio stations and 16 TV stations in the greater Houston area. Houston Chronicle is the main newspaper that closed down, with a history of one hundred years.
University of Houston (http://www.uh.edu/) is the largest comprehensive university in the higher education system in Texas, and it belongs to a research university. Hughes University, located in downtown Houston, has a history of 75 years and is one of the best universities in Texas for teaching and research. The college is famous in the United States for its diversity of research. The campus covers an area of 548 acres and has about 35,000 students. 12 academic college, covering 278 disciplines. The quality of teaching in this school is excellent, and so are the undergraduate students. Average SAT score of undergraduate students 128 1. In the stage of postgraduate education, we attach importance to the cultivation of students' independent research ability. We have established more than 40 research centers, established cooperative relations with more than 300 governments and individual enterprises, provided many internship opportunities for students, and made great achievements in the fields of superconducting biomedical engineering, economy, education, oil exploration and virtual technology.
Major: finance, law, engineering technology, management, environment, architecture, education, science, tourism, agriculture and forestry, humanities and arts, social science, biology, sports, journalism and communication, information science, medicine, language and natural science.
geographical environment
The University of Houston is located in Houston, Texas in the southern United States. The University of Houston is located in the southeast of Texas, only a few minutes away from downtown Houston. Houston is the fourth largest city in the United States with a population of about 4 million. The world-famous American Space Center and the largest medical center in the world are located in the south of the city. Houston is also the petrochemical center of the United States, enjoying the reputation of "the energy capital of the world". Houston Port is the third largest port in the United States (the sixth largest in the world), and its foreign trade throughput ranks first in the United States. High-tech and biochemical technology enterprises, led by Compaq Computer, are also booming. In 200 1 year, 22 companies in Houston were listed in the world's top 500 by American Fortune magazine. Located in the open coastal plain, there are many rivers and lakes, with an average elevation of only15m. The climate is warm and humid.
Houston, the fourth largest city in the United States, is located in the upper part of the Gulf Plain in southeastern Texas, 80 kilometers away from the Gulf of Mexico and 49 feet above sea level (14.94 meters).
Greater Houston area (including six surrounding counties), with an area of 8778.5438+0 square miles and a population of about 4.22 million (estimated to be1995 at the end of the year); The urban area of Houston is 596. 1 1 square mile, and the population is1630,000 (US Federal Bureau of Statistics figure 1992). Mainly whites, blacks and Mexicans, among which the population of Mexico has grown rapidly in recent years.
Houston has a subtropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 20.7℃ and an average annual rainfall of 1.224 mm. Summer is hot and humid, and the temperature above 33℃ reaches 94 days. The annual sunshine duration is 188 days, and there are many hurricanes from July to 165438+ 10 every year.
On April 2nd, 1986, Houston and Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China became sister cities.
[Edit this paragraph] History of urban development
/kloc-More than 0/50 years ago, the Houston area was the residence of the Kalongkawa Indian tribe. 1836, the Allen brothers, a real estate developer, bought 2,690 hectares of land to develop the city. They named the city after the then presidents of Texas and Sam Houston, hence the name Houston. From 1837 to 184o, Houston is the capital of Texas. 1845, Texas merged into the United States and became a state. At the beginning of this century, oil was discovered in Houston, and capitalists flocked to Houston. Houston's economy developed rapidly around the oil industry. 19 14, the city of Houston dug an 80-kilometer-long shipping passage to connect with the Gulf of Mexico and established the port of Houston. In the 1940s, medicine and medical treatment developed rapidly, and a famous medical center was established in the future. After World War II, petrochemical industry and oil refining industry developed rapidly on both sides of the coastal shipping channel.
In the early 1960s, the Johnson Space Center, the largest space center in the United States, was established in Houston. In 1970s, the world oil price soared, and Houston became the "energy capital of the world" with superior conditions. However, due to the economic recession in the United States in 198O, oil prices fell, and Houston's economy suffered a serious setback, with the unemployment rate as high as 1O%%. Since then, Houston has devoted itself to changing the single oil industry and diversifying its development, which enabled its economy to recover and develop in the 1980s. After entering the 1990s, despite the economic depression in other parts of the United States, Houston's economic growth momentum has not diminished, and it has gradually become one of the high-tech centers in the United States.
From 1994, the GDP of Greater Houston is $65,438+$37,306 million, of which the output value of service industry, manufacturing industry, retail industry, transportation industry and mining industry accounts for more than 75%. The manufacturing industry in Houston ranks seventh in the United States, and the retail industry ranks 1 1. 1997, the whole region provided1760,000 jobs.
Houston is an important commercial center. Among the 5OO largest companies in the United States, 15 is headquartered in Houston (including 5 of the 5OO largest companies in the world). Many other big companies also set their American headquarters in Houston. In addition, according to 1OO published by 1995 Happiness magazine, three of the fastest growing companies are based in Houston. These rankings are based on sales and profit growth in recent years.
1994, the manufacturing output value of Houston reached $2187.5 billion, accounting for 15.9% of the GDP of Greater Houston. The main products include chemicals, gasoline, non-electric machinery, oilfield equipment, food and metal products.
Houston is the center of American petroleum industry and petrochemical industry. It is in a leading position in mining, processing, transportation, market development, service, supply and technology. A pipeline thousands of miles long connects more than 200 chemical plants, oil refineries, salt processing plants and distillation plants along the coast of Texas Bay. According to statistics, from 65438 to 0994, 932,000 tons of plastic primary products were exported through Houston Port. Of the 65,438+000 largest energy companies in the United States, 28 are headquartered here, and more than 5,000 companies are engaged in energy-related businesses. Houston is also an extremely important international financial and trade center, and nearly 40 of the world's top 50 banks have set up branches or representative offices here.
[Edit this paragraph] Scientific research and education
Houston has a strong, perfect and good education system. Texas Medical Center, Johnson Space Center and universities make Houston a world-famous metropolis. Houston is famous for its biology, medicine, ocean and space research. The Dezhou Medical Center in this city was established in 1943, covering an area of 60O acres and consisting of 4 1 non-profit organizations. It is one of the largest and most famous medical centers in the United States and the world. The center is most famous for cancer and heart research. The annual budget of the medical center is $4 billion, and * * * has 565,438+0,000 employees. As a medical research and teaching institution, it enrolled more than 8000 students in 1994, and 54000 medical professionals completed short-term courses and retraining courses here. More than 65,438+02,000 volunteers participated in the work of the center. Every year, about 420 million patients see a doctor here, of which 15000 are foreigners.
The development of biotechnology in Houston only started in recent years. Now, this technology not only makes Houston ahead of industrial development, but also increases Houston's economic diversity. Biotechnology involves a wide range of fields, including medical treatment, agriculture, chemical industry, environmental protection, consumer goods and so on. There are three keys to developing biotechnology in Houston; Texas Medical Center, research universities and medical schools, as well as fully commercialized developers. Houston's outstanding development in biotechnology attracted 59 biological companies registered in Texas (*** 13 1) to settle here. 1993 and 1994 international conferences on biological sciences were held in Houston.
Houston is also a marine science research center. Half of more than 7O marine research institutions in the United States set up headquarters here, and the other half set up offices here. At least 1, 500 Houston companies are active in this field.
Johnson Space Center was established in 1962 with an investment of over1200 million USD. It is located 25 miles from downtown Houston and covers an area of 1.62 hectares. As the largest research and development institution of NASA, 1994 has a budget of $2.3 billion. From 65438 to 0995, JSC employed nearly 3300 employees, 64% of whom were engaged in scientific or engineering research.
[Edit this paragraph] Culture and leisure
Houston is one of the cities where local American companies can perform four major arts: drama, ballet, opera and symphony. Houston's colorful entertainment industry has received strong support from the public and professional groups. These groups include: Houston Culture and Arts Council, Arts Foundation and Houston Arts Council. Houston also provides many performance venues for cultural activities, including Wertham Theatre, Jesse (Jones Hall), Alley Theatre and a concert hall that can accommodate 3O36 people.
[Edit this paragraph] Geography and population
Houston is the capital of harris county, the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest city in the United States. The city is located in the upper part of the Mexican plain in southeastern Texas, 80.45 kilometers away from the Gulf of Mexico, with an altitude of 14.93 meters. The total urban area is 1.598 square kilometers and the population is about 1.95 million. In recent years, the Hispanic population in Rest City has grown rapidly. At present, the total number has surpassed that of whites, accounting for 37% of the total population of Rest City. The proportion of whites is 365,438+0%, blacks are 25%, and Asians are about 5%. Harris county has 29 cities, large and small. The Greater Houston area includes eight counties including Harris, Chambers and Galveston, with a total area of 22,733.7 square kilometers and a population of about 4.67 million.
/kloc-More than 0/50 years ago, the rest area was the residence of the Kalongkawa Indian tribe. 1836, the real estate developer Allen brothers bought 26.9 square kilometers of land for urban development and construction. In the same year, General Sam Houston led the Texas army to defeat the Mexicans and won the Battle of San jacinto, which decided the independence of Texas. The Allen brothers named the new city after Houston. From 1837 to 1840, Houston is the capital of Texas.
lustrum
According to the census in 2000, the population of Houston was 1.95 million 363 1, with 7 17945 households and 457330 households. The population density is 130 1.8 people per square kilometer. The average residential density is 52 1. 1 set per square kilometer, with 782,009 sets. The racial distribution is white 49.27%, black 25.3 1%, Indian 0.44%, Asian 5.3 1%, Pacific island 0.06%, other 16.46% and other 3. 15%.
Of the 765,438+7,945 households, 33. 1% live with children under 65,438+08, 43.2% live with couples, 65,438+05.3% are female heads of households without male spouses, and the rest live alone. The average family size is 2.67, and the average family size is 3.39.
Among the population of this city, 18 is below 27.5%, 1 1.2% is between 08 and 24 years old, 25 to 44 years old is 33.8%, 45 to 64 years old is 63.8%, and over 65 years old is 8.4%. The average age was 3 1 year. The male-female ratio is 99.7 males per 100 females. In the population over 18 years old, the ratio of women to men is 97.8 100.
The average household income is 366 16 USD, and the average household income is 40,443 USD. The average income of men is $32,084, while that of women is $273,765,438 +0. The per capita income of this city is $20,065,438+0,065,438+0. 19.2% of the population and 16.0% of the families live below the poverty line. 26. 1% of the population under 65 and 65.438+04.3% of the population over 65 live below the poverty line.
[Edit this paragraph] Economic situation
At the beginning of this century, oil was discovered in Houston, and capitalists flocked to Houston. Around the oil industry, the closed economy developed rapidly. 19 14, a 40.22km sea passage was dug in the rest of the city, which passed through the Gulf of Mexico and established the port of Houston. In the 1940s, medicine and medical treatment developed rapidly, and the famous Texas Medical Center was established in the future. After World War II, petrochemical industry and oil refining industry developed rapidly on both sides of the coastal shipping channel. In the early 1960s, the Johnson Space Center, the largest space center in the United States, was established in this closed city. In the 1970s, the world oil price soared, and the oil industry in Rest City developed rapidly, and it was named as the "World Energy Capital". In the 1980s, due to the economic recession in the United States, oil prices fell, and the closed economy was seriously frustrated, with the unemployment rate as high as 10%. Since then, the closed market has devoted itself to changing the economic structure of the single oil industry, diversified development, and greatly improved the economy, and gradually became one of the high-tech centers in the United States. 2 1 At the beginning of the century, the "9. 1 1" incident and the persistent financial management problems of large companies brought some negative effects to the closed economy.
Houston is the center of American energy and petrochemical industry. There are more than 5000 energy-related companies in this area. Among the top 200 listed oil and gas companies in the United States, 45 companies are headquartered here. At present, Dezhou Bay Area can extract 3.3 million barrels of crude oil every day, accounting for 2 1. 1% in the United States and 85. 1% in the whole state. The production capacity of primary petrochemical products in this area accounts for 45% of the whole country. In the United States, 48% of ethylene and 66% of epoxy resin are produced in this area. The annual export of petrochemical products in Houston is close to $2.8 billion.
Houston is a world-famous space city. Johnson Space Center, located 40.23km southeast of the city center, was built in 196 1, covering an area of 6.56km2, with 19000 employees (including nearly 100 astronauts). It is one of the nine space centers under the jurisdiction of NASA, which is responsible for designing and manufacturing spacecraft, selecting and training astronauts, planning and commanding. 1969 On July 20th, the center successfully made its first trip to the moon. Now, the central control room is the ground control center of the International Space Station, which is responsible for coordinating the operation and safe operation of the entire space station.
The Texas Medical Center in Houston is one of the largest medical centers in the United States and the world. The center covers an area of 2.84 square kilometers and consists of 42 medical institutions with 604 beds1bed. In 2000, 5.4 million patients visited the center, including 19307 international patients who came from abroad. The center is famous for cancer and heart research. Since 1995, the center has received $2.2 billion in federal research grants.
[Edit this paragraph] Investment environment
Houston has a good investment environment. At present, 20 large companies are on the Fortune 500 list. Its land transportation is very convenient, and the 14 railway trunk line radiates outward, making it one of the busiest railway freight centers in the United States. Expressways extend in all directions, and two major interstate highways meet here. The three airports in Houston constitute the fourth largest airport system in the United States. Bush International Airport is one of the busiest airports in South America. 24 passenger transport companies and 1 1 freight companies operate here. Passenger flights connect 1 10 domestic stations and 50 international stations in 22 countries in 5 states. Houston Port is the largest import and export port in the United States, and it is also an important gateway for American foreign trade, with the total port throughput ranking first in the United States.
One of the financial centers. There are 629 commercial banks, 220 credit institutions, 659 mortgage institutions and 905 securities trading institutions in the Greater Houston area. In 200 1 year, the service industry accounted for one-fifth ($230.4 billion) of the region's GDP.
Houston is an international metropolis. More than 70 countries have established consulates or honorary consuls in this city, and their delegations are second only to new york and Los Angeles.
The quality of labor resources in closed cities is relatively high, and a quarter of adults have received higher education for more than four years. There are more than 40 higher education institutions in the Houston area. Rice University, founded in 19 12, is a famous private institution in the United States. 1996 two professors from the chemistry department of our school won the nobel prize in chemistry for discovering carbon 60. The Baker Institute for Policy Studies is located in this school.
The cultural life in Houston is rich and colorful. It is one of the few cities in the United States with its own ballet (Hu Ba was founded in 1955, which is one of the five largest ballet companies in the United States), opera house (also one of the five largest opera houses in the United States), symphony orchestra and theater (Avery Theatre was founded in 1947, and won the Tony Award for Best Local Theatre in 1996). The total audience of rest cinema is second only to new york, ranking second in the United States. The urban museum district attracts millions of tourists every year. In sports, Houston Rockets (basketball), astronauts (baseball) and Texans (football) are all famous in the United States. The herdsmen's competition held in February every year is very characteristic of South America, and the livestock fair held during this period is the largest of its kind in the world.
There are 54 radio stations and 16 TV stations in the greater Houston area. Houston Chronicle is the main newspaper that closed down, with a history of one hundred years.
[Edit this paragraph] Houston Space City
The famous Johnson Space Center is located on Lake clear, 35km southeast of Houston, Texas. Built in 1962, covering an area of 656 hectares. Thanks to this center, Houston, known as the "oil capital of the world", has also won the reputation of "space city".
[Edit this paragraph] Aerospace Science and Technology Center
Space Center is the R&D base, manned space flight base and operation control center of American manned space shuttle. It is also the largest space research center of NASA and one of the major space centers participating in the International Space Station program. Named after the late President lyndon johnson, the center was opened in 196 1. It consists of four parts: research center, command center, aerospace training center and large exhibition hall. It has 654.38+0.5 million employees, of which engineers and scientists account for 70%.
Chris Spacecraft Flight Control Office is the heart of the center. There are simulation training hall, space environment simulation experiment hall, spacecraft orbit training hall, moon sample hall and control center hall in the center. In addition, the center also has two sets of "space laboratory" training equipment, which is responsible for manned space flight, space shuttle design and training astronauts, and is directly responsible for directing the space activities at the Kennedy launch site in Florida. Johnson Space Center has made great contributions to the American space industry. 1969, the American Apollo-17 spacecraft flew into the sky from here and landed on the moon for the first time. Both the "Space Laboratory" and the "Columbia" space shuttle have traveled in space under the remote control of engineers here. By June 2002, the center had carried out 15 flights to the International Space Station and 46 spacewalks.